Pollution:

The tragedy of the commons resurfaces in pollution issues. It is not a matter of taking something
out of the commons, but of putting something in — sewage or chemical, radioactive, or thermal
wastes into water; nasty and dangerous odors into the air; and distracting and disagreeable
advertising signs into the line of sight. The utility estimates are much the same as previously. The
sensible man discovers that his portion of the cost of the wastes he discharges into the commons
is less than the cost of cleaning his wastes before release. Because this is true for everyone, we
are trapped in a system of "fouling our own nest" as long as we act only as autonomous, logical,
free-enterprisers.

Private property, or something technically similar, prevents the tragedy of the commons as a food
basket. However, the air and rivers that surround us cannot easily be gated, thus the tragedy of
the commons as a cesspool must be avoided by other measures, such as coercive legislation or
charging mechanisms that make it costlier for the polluter to treat his pollutants than to discharge
them untreated. We have not made as much progress with this difficulty as we did with the first.
Indeed, our unique idea of private property, which discourages humans from depleting the earth's
positive resources, encourages pollution.

The owner of a factory on the bank of a stream, whose property extends all the way to the middle
of the stream, frequently finds it difficult to understand why it is not his inherent right to dirty the
waters running by his door. The law, which is perpetually behind the times, needs intricate
sewing and fitting to adapt to this freshly understood component of the commons.

Pollution or tragedy to commons is a problem that is a result of population growth, not

privatization. However, as human density increased, the natural chemical and biological
recycling mechanisms were overburdened, necessitating a reinterpretation of property right

All of these difficulties require the management of "the commons" — the limited resources that
we must not misuse. If we utilize the commons responsibly, they will continue to be productive
and life-giving; if we misuse them, they will collapse.

the best ways to structure and regulate markets to protect the commons.
For different sorts of commons, privatization takes different forms: selling the right to emit
carbon into the atmosphere, for example, or the right to catch fish from the sea.
The concept of privatization follows a specific logic. The greatest method to ensure that anything
significant is privately held is to ensure that it is treated with care.
However, as the privatization model has been applied to ever-larger portions of the
commonwealth, the disadvantages of privatization have become obvious.
● Privatizing means getting into the race to develop faster.
● Privatizing allows local governments to avoid accidents while lowering their
exposure to a disability, workers' compensation, and other accident claims.
Finally, while recycling and responsible waste management help us keep the
environment pristine, functioning, and healthy, these processes are more
effective and impactful when run by private entities.