DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PESHAWAR

MtE-323L, Theory of Machines Lab, 5th Semester

Student Name: Muhammad Shaheer______

Reg No: 19pwmct0706_____________

Lab Tittle: Introduction to Theory of Machines

Course Instructor: Engr. Wahad Ur Rahman

Lab No: 01__

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 MtE-323L, Theory of Machines Lab, 5th Semester

 Objectives:
 Basic Knowledge of different Mechanism
 To know about Analytical Modelling of different Machines
 To gain Software Knowledge about various Software’s
 Apparatus:
 Laptop

 Theory:
Simple Machine: Any of various elementary mechanisms having the elements of which all
machines are composed. Included in this category are the lever, wheel and axle, pulley,
inclined plane, wedge and the screw. The central theme for mechanisms is rigid bodies
connected together by joints. Some of the mechanism are as follow as example:

 There are Basically Six types of Machines:

A machine is a contrivance or mechanism by means of which a force, applied at one part of

the machine, is transmitted to another part, in order to secure mechanical advantage for some
particular purpose. There are basically six types of machine:

 Lever

 Wheel and axle

 Pulley
 Inclined plane.
 Wedge
 Screw
Although there is a difference between the term machines and mechanism. We can say that
Anything with moving parts is called a mechanism, while anything that can move only as a
whole is called a structure.

 The lever:
It involves a load, a fulcrum and an applied force. Often just a uniform bar.

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 Figure 1: Lever Mechanism

 The wheel and axle:

Used to draw water from a well etc. By ropes attached to a large wheel and to a
smaller axle. A differential wheel and axle has two-part axle sizes and gains
considerable mechanical advantage.

Figure 2:The wheel and axle

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 The pulley:
In simplest form it changes the direction of a force acting along a cord or rope.

Figure 3: Pulley Mechanism System

 Inclined plane:
It is used for raising a load by means of a smaller applied force. Mechanical
advantage is resisted by some friction.

Figure 4: Inclined Plane Mechanical System

 The wedge:
A double inclined plane. Mechanical advantage is considerably resisted by friction.

Figure 5: Wedge Type Mechanism System with a Roller

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  The Screw:
It is constructed using the principle of the inclined plane set on a cylindrical or conical
surface. A screw-jack lifts heavy weights.

Figure 6: Basic Screw Machine

 Analytical Modelling:
A mathematical modelling technique used for simulating, explaining, and making
predictions about the mechanisms involved in complex physical processes. There are
four types of analytics, Descriptive, Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prescriptive. Analytic
modelling is used for an analytical model is quantitative in nature, and used to answer
a specific question or make a specific design decision. Different analytical models are
used to address different aspects of the system, such as its performance, reliability, or
mass properties.

 Software Knowledge about various Software’s:

We will be using various software’s in this lab. Some of them are mentioned as
follow:

 Excel or Matlab

 Matlab Simulink

 Working Model

 Mechanical Analyzer

 Linkage

 Virtual Simulator

 MATLAB:

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MATLAB is been used for many useful purposes around the globe in engineering fields such
as, it includes deep learning and machine learning, signal processing and communications,
image and video processing, control systems, test and measurement. MATLAB is a high-
performance language for technical computing. It is used for analytical modeling, simulation,
and visualization. MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a fourth-generation high-level
programming language and interactive environment for numerical computation, visualization
and programming. It has numerous built-in commands and math functions that help you in
mathematical calculations, generating plots, and performing numerical methods. It can
perform every basic and advanced arithmetic operation.

 Main Features:
 Easy to use built in function
 Easy interface
 Add other library and tool box
 It has numerical, graphical, and programming capabilities
 MATLAB has the following windows:
 The Command Window
 The Command History
 The Workspace
 The script file or M.file
 The Help Browser etc.

 Excel:

 Excel is typically used to organize data and perform financial analysis. It is used across all
business functions and at companies. It can also be used as an substitute for MATLAB.

 Working Model:

Working Model is a conceptual design tool that allows you to create simulations that replace
vague, and time consuming. It is very useful to create and analyze real-life mechanical
systems.

 Linkage: Linkage is a computer-aided design program used for prototyping of

mechanical linkages. The mechanism is edited and animated in the same window
allowing for quick analysis and modification while working on a design.

Reference:

[1] "The Constructor Building Ideas," [Online]. Available: https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/universal-

testing-machine-components-functions/2449/. [Accessed 10 7 20201].