BCD Presentation CPVC Pipe Tubing

CPVC Pipe & Tubing Systems for
Plumbing and Mechanical Applications
A presentation by
The Plastics Pipe Institute
Contact
Lance MacNevin, P.Eng.
PPI Director of Engineering - Building & Construction Division
lmacnevin@plasticpipe.org Tel (469) 499-1057
1 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

PPI Represents All Sectors of the Plastic Pipe Industry
- Formed in 1950 to research and develop test methods for plastic pressure pipes
- Today: Non-profit trade association serving North America based in Irving, TX
- Five Divisions, eleven employees
PPI Mission: Enable the highest quality of life and preserve our natural resources
through the advancement, acceptance, and use of plastic pipe systems
PPI Activities: Research, education, technical expertise, and advocacy
Members: Over 170 member firms involved with the plastic pipe industry
PPI Website: www.plasticpipe.org

PPI’s Building & Construction Division (BCD)
- BCD is focused on plastic pressure pipe and tubing systems used within buildings and on
building premises for applications such as plumbing, water service, fire protection, hydronic
(radiant) heating & cooling, snow & ice melting, district energy heating & cooling, and
ground source geothermal piping systems.
BCD Materials: CPVC, HDPE (geo), PEX, PE-RT, PEX-AL-PEX, and PP (PP-R & PP-RCT)
BCD Homepage: https://plasticpipe.org/BuildingConstruction

Course Introduction
The content of this course is intended to address the typical information that
installers and inspectors need to know about CPVC piping systems, one of the
most common plastic pressure pipe materials for plumbing and mechanical
systems.
The course will explain the types of piping materials and fitting options and
their capabilities; product standards and certifications for each material;
proper installation techniques; and code requirements for plumbing and
mechanical (e.g., hydronic) applications.
CPVC = Chlorinated PolyVinyl Chloride

Course Introduction
The content of this course is intended to address the typical information that
installers and inspectors need to know about CPVC piping systems, one of the
most common plastic pressure pipe materials for plumbing and mechanical
systems.
Content will be based partially on PPI TN-62

Suitability and Fitness of CPVC Piping Systems
for Commercial Building Applications.
Content will also be based on other PPI

publications and course materials.

Course Outline
By the end of this course, you will be able to:
1. Describe CPVC pipe and tubing materials in terms of history, standards,

material properties, capabilities, and code compliance.
2. Demonstrate CPVC joining techniques
3. Indicate where and how to use these materials in applications such as

plumbing distribution, fire protection, hydronic heating and cooling, and water
service.

Course Outline
By the end of this course, you will be able to:
4. Discuss installation requirements for CPVC plumbing applications by

addressing sizing, solvent cement details, fastening, hanging, supporting,
pressure-testing, and more.
5. Explain how to access industry resources related to CPVC piping materials.
But first, a general Introduction to Plastic Pipes…

Introduction to Plastic Pipes
Five main types of plastic pressure pipes used in construction:
CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride

HDPE high-density polyethylene
PEX crosslinked polyethylene
PE-RT polyethylene of raised temperature resistance
PP polypropylene

Universal Requirements: Drinking Water Safety
- All plastic tubing, pipes, and fittings intended for potable (drinking) water shall meet the
requirements of NSF/ANSI/CAN Standard 61 Toxicological Evaluation for Materials
in Contact with Drinking Water (“Health Effects”)
1.1 Purpose “This Standard establishes minimum health

effects requirements for the chemical contaminants and
impurities that are indirectly imparted to drinking water
from products, components, and materials used in
drinking water systems.”
NSF 61 is updated regularly with stringent requirements

Universal Requirements: Lead-free components
- All plastic tubing, pipes, and fittings intended for potable (drinking) water shall meet the
requirements of NSF/ANSI/CAN Standard 372: Drinking Water System Components,
Lead Content
1.1 Purpose “This Standard establishes procedures

for the determination of lead content based on the
wetted surface area of products.”
1.2 Scope “The standard applies to any drinking water

system component that conveys or dispenses water for
human consumption through drinking or cooking.”
NSF 372 is updated regularly with stringent requirements

Clarification on “Tubing vs. Pipe”
- CPVC “Tubing”: the actual Outside Diameter is 1/8 inch larger than the nominal size
- CPVC “Pipe”: the actual Outside Diameter matches that of steel pipe of the same
nominal size
- CPVC Tubing uses nominal sizes such as ‘NTS 3/4’
- Also known as Copper Tube size or ‘CTS’
- CPVC Pipe uses nominal sizes such as ‘NPS 3/4’
- Also known as Iron Pipe size or ‘IPS’
- CPVC Tubing is widely used for residential plumbing (sizes NTS 2 and below)
- CPVC Pipe is typically used in commercial plumbing, fire protection, industrial
applications and more
- While people often use “Tubing” and “Pipe” interchangeably, there is a difference

Universal Requirements: Dimension Ratios
- Most* plastic pipe and tubing uses a Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR)
- Standard Dimension Ratio - the ratio of outside diameter to wall thickness, calculated
by dividing the average outside diameter of the tubing by the minimum wall thickness
- PEX tubing is SDR 9 (wall thickness is 1/9 of the OD)

- CPVC plumbing tubing is SDR 11 (wall thickness is 1/11 of the OD)
- CPVC fire protection pipe is SDR 13.5 (wall thickness is 1/13.5 of the OD)
- Within a Standard Dimension Ratio, each diameter of the pipe type has the same
pressure capability & rating
- E.g., ½, ¾, 1, and 2 inch SDR 11 CPVC tubing all have the same pressure rating
*Exception: Pipes that follow Schedule 40/80 dimension schemes

- CPVC tubing (ASTM D2846) is SDR 11 (wall thickness is 1/11 of the OD)
- Used for plumbing applications
Courtesy Lubrizol

- CPVC pipe is Schedule 40 or 80 (ASTM F441) or various DRs (ASTM F442)

- Used for industrial, plumbing, and HVAC applications
Courtesy Lubrizol

Universal Requirements: Design Factor / Safety Factor
- All plastic tubing, pipes and fittings have inherent safety factors for the intended
applications based on prescribed Design Factors listed within product standards
- Pressure-Temperature ratings are based on an extrapolated time-to-failure prediction

using a 0.50* Design Factor on pressure
- Actual capability is typically 2 times the listed (i.e., labeled) pressure rating
- Plastic systems demonstrate Long-term Hydrostatic Strength (LTHS) through

established test methods such as ASTM D2837 and listings according to
PPI TR-3 Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB)
and Hydrostatic Design Stresses (HDS) for Thermoplastic Piping Materials
*Certain HDPE materials utilize a 0.63 design factor

Universal Requirements: Pressure/Temperature Capability
- CPVC tubing* (SDR 11) is rated for 400 psi at 73°F
- CPVC tubing* (SDR 11) is rated for 100 psi at 180°F
* CPVC pipe of other wall thicknesses (e.g., SDR 13.5, Sch. 40, Sch. 80) have
different pressure ratings

Universal Requirements: Pressure/Temperature Capability
- PPI recommends to allow CPVC to be connected directly to tankless water
heaters intended for domestic applications – See PPI Recommendation H

Universal Requirements: Fire Stopping
- When plastic pipe penetrates a fire-rated assembly (i.e., floor, ceiling, wall), the
penetration must be protected by an approved through-penetration firestop system
- Many firestop manufacturers have products listed for use with CPVC
- Solutions include intumescent caulks, wrap strips,

pass-through devices, collars, and cast-in-place sleeves
- Not all “CPVC” firestops are listed and compatible with all CPVC
- Be sure to check listings and chemical compatibility!

Universal Requirements: Flame and Smoke Ratings
- All plastic pipes installed in Plenums must be listed and labelled for this application
Example:
2021 ICC International Mechanical Code, Section 602.2.1 states:

- Flame spread index and smoke spread index values are generated in standardized
testing in accordance with ASTM E84 test method using the “Steiner Tunnel” test

- Details of fire-test chamber from ASTM E84

- The Steiner Tunnel at UL, LLC (Northbrook, IL)

Universal Benefits: Practical Advantages of Plastic Piping Systems
- Safety of potable water and long-term reliability
- Resistant to corrosion, erosion, water disinfectants
- Smooth wall, excellent flow characteristics
- High pressure capability/stability
- Easy joining procedures and no open flames
- Light weight, easy to transport
- No scrap value, no logical reasons for theft i-Stock
- Proven long life, rigorous certifications, highly tested

- Water conservation is assisted with reduced heat loss

Universal Benefits: Practical Advantages of Plastic Piping Systems
- Plastic pipe absorbs pressure surges (reduced water hammer, quiet operation)
- 2009 report from NAHB-Research Center:
- 28% reduction in peak surge pressure: CPVC (Cold)
- 18% reduction in peak surge pressure: CPVC (Hot)

Universal Benefits: Plastic Piping Systems are Sustainable and Safe
- No mining operations for the ore
- Lower cost to the environment for production
- Much lower energy cost to produce plastic as compared with metal pipes
- Materials do not add minerals to drinking water, do not support biofilm growth
- Lighter weight reduces transportation volume and costs
- Smooth wall, excellent flow characteristics reduce pressure loss
- Insulating properties can reduce heat transfer (gain/loss)
- Proven long life and durability provides value and reliability i-Stock
- Plastic systems protect health, safety & welfare!

1. CPVC Pipe & Tubing Materials
This Learning Objective focuses on CPVC materials
- History, configurations, standards, code compliance, material properties,
configurations, capabilities, joining systems
Courtesy Lubrizol

CPVC Pipe & Tubing Materials
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride: CPVC Overview
- A high-temperature pressure piping system; rated for operation up to 200°F (93°C)
- Introduced for potable plumbing in 1959 (60+ years ago)
- Introduced for fire protection in 1985
- CPVC systems are used for hot- and cold-water distribution, water service, hydronic
heating & cooling, industrial and process piping applications
Common types: CPVC 4120-05, CPVC 4120-06 (material designation codes)
Courtesy Lubrizol (x3)

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride: Explanation (see PPI TN-62)
- CPVC is polyvinyl chloride (PVC) that has been chlorinated via a free radical chlorination
reaction
- CPVC material is produced by adding a chlorine molecule (C) to PVC
- The chlorine added to PVC gives CPVC higher temperature performance and improved
fire and corrosion resistance
- CPVC pressure pipe is a distinct material from PVC pressure pipe, with additional
capabilities
- CPVC is accepted in all model plumbing and mechanical codes for applications such as
hot- and cold-water distribution (potable water plumbing), fire protection, chilled water,
and hydronic heating and cooling systems

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride: Explanation (see PPI TN-62)
- CPVC piping systems are pressure-rated for operation up to 200°F (93°C)
- Actual pressure ratings depend upon wall type (e.g., SDR 11, SDR 13.5, Schedule 80)
- The wall type dictates the actual wall thickness
- For SDR 11 CPVC tubing, standard hydrostatic

pressure ratings are 400 psi @ 73ºF (2,750 kPa @ 23ºC)
and 100 psi @ 180ºF (690 kPa at 82ºC)
Source: PPI Technical Note 62

CPVC: Configurations
- CPVC is provided in straight lengths
- Copper Tube Size (CTS) diameters ½ to 2 in SDR 11 wall type
- Iron Pipe Size (IPS) diameters ½ to 24 in Schedule 40/80 and several SDRs
- Fittings are molded in both CTS and IPS sizes
- Specific compounds for plumbing, hydronics, industrial, and fire protection applications

CPVC: Advantages
- Safety of potable water and long-term reliability
- Resistant to corrosion and deposits (i.e., no mineral build-up)
- Resistant to disinfectants (e.g., chlorine, chloramines, chlorine dioxide)
- No flame used for joining; solvent cement or mechanical joints
- Ease of installation with professional appearance
- Available in a wide range of sizes
- Universal compatibility of pipes/fittings Courtesy Lubrizol
- Lightweight, easy to transport

- Professional appearance
- Noise and water hammer resistance
- Lower installed cost than metal pipes
- No scrap value; avoid jobsite theft

CPVC: Product Standards
- ASTM D2846: CTS tubing & fittings for potable water; sizes ¼ to 2 in. nominal
- ASTM D2855: Standard Practice for the Two-Step Method of Joining PVC or CPVC
Pipe and Piping Components with Tapered Sockets
- ASTM F437: Schedule 80 Threaded CPVC fittings
- ASTM F438: Schedule 40 Socket-type CPVC fittings
- ASTM F439: Schedule 80 Socket-type CPVC fittings
- ASTM F441: Schedule 40 and 80 pipe sizes; sizes ¼ to 16 in. nominal
- ASTM F442: IPS pipe sizes; sizes ¼ to 12 in. nominal
- ASTM F493: Solvent Cements for CPVC pipe and fittings
- CSA B137.6: All sizing types; sizes ¼ to 12 in. nominal

CPVC: Test Requirements
- Product standards establish capabilities and test requirements, such as:
- Materials
- Workmanship
- Dimensions and tolerances for pipe, socket fittings, transition fittings
- Quick burst pressures
- Long-term (sustained) pressure ratings
- Thermocycling resistance for transition fittings
- Solvent Cement and Adhesives
- Test Methods
- Marking requirements
- More…

CPVC: Short-term Burst Pressure
- Product standards have requirements for short-term burst pressure
- CPVC Tubing & Fittings Minimum Requirements:
- ASTM D2846: 400 psi @ 73°F for SDR 11 wall thickness
- CPVC Pipe & Fittings Minimum Requirements:
- ASTM F441: Depends on wall type (i.e., Sch. 40/80) and diameter (see Table)

CPVC: Long-term (Sustained) Pressure
- Product standards have requirements for long-term (sustained) pressure ratings:
- CPVC Tubing & Fittings Minimum Requirements:
- ASTM D2846: 364 psig at 180°F for SDR 11 wall thickness test requirement
- CPVC Pipe & Fittings Minimum Requirements:
- ASTM F441: Depends on wall type (i.e., Sch. 40/80) and diameter (see Table)

CPVC: Tubing & Fittings Markings
Required markings include: Markings on Fittings:
- Size and wall type (e.g., ½” SDR 11) - Manufacturer’s Name
- Manufacturer’s name or tradename - ASTM D2846
- ASTM D2846 - CPVC 4120
- 400 psi @ 73°F 100 psi @ 180°F - Certification (NSF-pw, etc.)
- CPVC 4120 (material designation of compound)
- Certification mark (e.g., NSF-pw, CSA symbol, ICC-ES report #, etc.)
1/2” Manufacturer Name

CPVC: Pipe & Fittings Markings
Required markings include: Markings on Fittings:
- Size and wall type (e.g., 2” SCH 80) - Manufacturer’s Name
- Manufacturer’s name or tradename - ASTM F438/F439
- ASTM F441 - CPVC 4120
- Pressure ratings at 73°F and 180°F - Certification (NSF-pw, etc.)
- CPVC 4120-05 or -06 (material designation of compound)
- Certification mark (e.g., NSF-pw, CSA symbol, ICC-ES report #, etc.)
Manufacturer

CPVC: Code Compliance
- Plumbing: CPVC pipe, tubing, and fittings are listed within model codes such as the
International Residential Code (IRC), International Plumbing Code (IPC), Uniform
Plumbing Code (UPC), and National Standard Plumbing Code (NSPC), and National
Plumbing Code of Canada for plumbing
- Mechanical: CPVC pipe, tubing, and fittings are listed within model codes such as the
International Residential Code (IRC), International Mechanical Code (IMC), Uniform
Mechanical Code (UMC), and Uniform Solar, Hydronics, and Geothermal Code
(USHGC) for hydronic piping

CPVC: Chemical Compatibility
- CPVC materials have certain incompatibilities with some construction materials
- Each CPVC manufacturer should test for and publish chemical compatibility
Example:
- The FBC™ System Compatible Program is a resource made available to manufacturers
of ancillary products intended to be used with CPVC to help determine whether a product
is chemically compatible with Lubrizol Advanced Materials' FlowGuard®, BlazeMaster®,
Corzan®, and products made with TempRite Technology
- Visit https://www.lubrizol.com/CPVC/FBC-System-Compatible-Program -

- Example: Search for Compatible Products by Category or Manufacturer

- The list of Incompatible Products is on a separate webpage
There is even an App for that: search “Lubrizol FBC”

Summary
- History, configurations, standards, code compliance, material properties,
configurations, capabilities
Courtesy Lubrizol

2. CPVC Joining Techniques
This Learning Objective focuses on Fittings and Joining Techniques
- CPVC pipe & fittings are joined via:
i. Solvent Cement
ii. Push-fit Fittings
iii. Grooved mechanical fittings
iiii. Flanged connections

CPVC Joining Techniques
CPVC: Fittings/Joining: Solvent Welding is Not Gluing
- Glues work by providing a sticky layer between two components to create a bond
- Solvent welding requires the two components to come into contact as the solvent
cements allow the parts to molecularly bond with each other (different than glues)

CPVC: Fittings/Joining
i. Solvent Cement joints use liquid cement that “welds” pipes to fittings for secure joints
- Available in nominal sizes from 1/2 in. to 24 in.
- Specific processes are described in material standards and installation manuals

i. Solvent Cement joints use liquid cement that “welds” pipes to fittings for secure joints
- Certain solvent cements are one-step, meaning no primer is required
- Other solvent cements are two-step, meaning primer is required
- Refer to manufacturer instructions and local code requirements

i. Solvent Cement joint fittings are available in tees, elbows, couplings, caps, transition
fittings, and multi-port tees

ii. Push-fit Fittings are intended for copper, CPVC, or PEX
- Follow manufacturer instructions for installation
Courtesy Reliance
Worldwide Corp.
ASSE 1061 Push-fit fittings

Available in lead-free brass

iii. Grooved mechanical fittings connect pipes to fittings, once pipe ends are prepared
Courtesy
Victaulic x2

iiii. Flanges connect CPVC pipes to CPVC or other materials (e.g., steel)
- Flanges rated for 150 psig; flanges with backing rings available for higher pressures
- Use full face gaskets which are chemically compatible with fluids
- Use washers on all bolts and nuts
- Follow manufacturer’s torque specifications

Summary
- CPVC pipe & fittings are joined via:
i. Solvent Cement
ii. Push-fit Fittings
iii. Grooved mechanical fittings
iiii. Flanged connections

3. Plumbing & Mechanical Applications
This Learning Objective focuses on CPVC pipes in these applications:
3.a Plumbing distribution (hot- and cold-water supply)
3.b Fire protection (sprinklers)
3.c Hydronic heating and cooling
3.d Water service pipelines

Plumbing & Mechanical Applications
3.a Hot- and Cold-Water Plumbing Distribution
- CPVC is used for residential and commercial hot- and
cold-water plumbing supply
System Benefits:
- Plastic piping systems save costs and last longer
- Plastic pipes are corrosion-resistant, no build-up
- Pipes can absorb pressure surges, reduce spikes
- Plastic pipes are quieter and transfer less heat
- Plastic systems are joined without flame
- No hot-work permits required
Courtesy Lubrizol

- CPVC is used for residential and commercial hot- and
cold-water plumbing supply
System Benefits:
- Pipes can absorb pressure surges, reduce spikes
- Plastic pipes are quieter and transfer less heat
Courtesy Lubrizol

- CPVC may be used in all types of plumbing system “layouts”
1. Trunk and Branch (a.k.a. traditional)
2. Parallel pipe systems (a.k.a. home run)
3. Zoned systems (a.k.a. remote manifolds)



3.b Fire Protection
- CPVC materials have been listed for light hazard fire sprinkler systems since the 1980s
- According to installation standard NFPA 13D, where the intent is to provide an

affordable sprinkler system in homes while maintaining a high level of life safety,
CPVC fire sprinkler systems that are listed to system standard UL 1821 are
approved to supply water to fire sprinklers for one- and two-family dwellings
- UL 1821 is the system performance standard for plastic fire protection systems

3.b Fire Protection
UL 1821 Thermoplastic Sprinkler Pipe and Fittings for Fire Protection Service
- 1.2 “Thermoplastic pipe and fittings covered by these requirements are intended for
use in sprinkler systems in any of the following types of occupancies:
a) Light hazard occupancies as defined in the Standard
for Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 13;
b) Residential occupancies as defined in the Standard for
Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family
Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, NFPA 13D; and
c) Residential occupancies as defined in the Standard
for Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise
Residential Occupancies, NFPA 13R.”

3.b Fire Protection
- CPVC, when listed, can be used for NFPA 13D, NFPA 13R, and NFPA 13 light hazard
fire protection applications built according to codes
- Each brand / pipe must be tested and third-party certified for FP applications
System Benefits:
Courtesy Lubrizol

3.b Fire Protection
- CPVC, when listed, can be used for NFPA 13D, NFPA 13R, and NFPA 13 light hazard
fire protection applications built according to codes
- Each brand / pipe must be tested and third-party certified for FP applications
System Benefits:
Courtesy Lubrizol

3.b Fire Protection
Case Study:
- Dormitory retrofit, University of Notre Dame (IN)
- 750,000 ft2 in 12 buildings
- 8,000 sprinkler heads
- Installed during winter & summer breaks, 7 months
- Chosen due to speed, no hot work,
resistance to corrosion and MIC

3.c Hydronic Heating & Cooling
- Water (R718) is the optimal heat transfer medium or fluid
- Typical hydronic systems actually outperform VRF (variable refrigerant flow) systems
by 30 to 40 percent thanks mainly to lower pumping costs
- Hydronic distribution systems do not distribute refrigerants throughout buildings
- Safer, no proprietary components or controls, no issues with refrigerant availability

- The chart below compares the energy used by various systems to distribute heating or
cooling capacity throughout a building
- Source: HIA-C
- www.iapmo.org/hiac

- CPVC is approved for hydronic heating & cooling distribution in buildings

3.d Water Service Pipelines
- When installed within the jurisdiction of the plumbing code, CPVC pipe and tubing are
used for water service pipelines (there is no AWWA standard for CPVC water service)
- Follow pipe or tubing manufacturer’s guidelines for approved fitting system/s
Example 1: 2021 ICC International Plumbing Code (IPC)
Courtesy Watts

3.d Water Service Pipelines
- When installed within the jurisdiction of the plumbing code, CPVC pipe and tubing are
used for water service pipelines (there is no AWWA standard for CPVC water service)
- Follow pipe or tubing manufacturer’s guidelines for approved fitting system/s
Example 2: 2021 IAPMO Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
Courtesy Watts

Summary: CPVC pipes are used in multiple applications
3.a Plumbing distribution (hot- and cold-water supply)
3.b Fire protection (sprinklers)
3.c Hydronic heating and cooling
3.d Water service pipelines

4. CPVC Installation Techniques
This Learning Objective focuses on plumbing installation techniques
- Sizing, fastening, hanging, supporting, pressure testing, code requirements

CPVC Installation Techniques
Sizing Pipes for Plumbing Distribution
- CPVC tubing sizes are very close to copper tubing
- CPVC does not suffer from mineral build-up or deposits
- Plumbing codes allow for size-for-size replacement of copper with CPVC
Inside Diameters in. (typical) and Comparisons with Copper
CPVC CPVC
Material Cu Tubing SDR 11 Tubing SDR 11 Tubing
Nominal Size (Type L) (ASTM D2846) (ASTM D2846)
3/8 0.430 N/A N/A
1/2 0.545 0.485 89%
3/4 0.785 0.695 89%
1 1.025 0.901 88%
1 1/4 1.265 1.105 87%
1 1/2 1.505 1.309 87%
2 1.985 1.716 86%
- Both copper and CPVC pipes have velocity limitations:
Copper:
- 8 feet per second (fps) for cold water
- 4 to 5 feet per second for hot water
CPVC:
- 10 feet per second (fps) for hot and cold water

- PPI Plastic Pipe Design Calculator www.plasticpipecalculator.com can be used to
evaluate pressure loss through several types of plastic pressure pipes
Five Sets of Functions:

- Pressure Drop/Head Loss
- Hydraulic Shock
- Pipe Weight/Volume
- Thermal Expansion/Contraction
- Expansion Arm/Loop Design

Correct installation techniques for CPVC Plumbing
- Solvent welding (details)
- Fasteners
- Protection
- Installation under slabs
- Linear expansion and contraction
- Pressure testing

Solvent Welding CPVC
- One step solvent cement for use with ASTM D2846 CPVC tubing and fittings
Solvent Cement Requirements

- ASTM F493
- NSF mark (NSF-pw, etc.)
- Manufacturer’s name and address
- Used with CTS pipe and fittings
- Yellow in color
Does not require the use of primer

Solvent Welding CPVC
- Two-step solvent cement for use with Schedule 80 pipe and fittings
Solvent Cement Requirements

- ASTM F493
- Orange Color
Primer Requirements
- ASTM F656
- Purple or clear

Solvent Welding CPVC: Step-by-Step Instructions – Step 1
- CPVC can be cut using ratchet cutters*, wheel cutters, or a fine tooth saw
- Be sure to cut the pipe straight
*Do not use ratchet cutters on previously installed pipe.
Step 1: Cut the pipe

- Remove any burrs or filings and bevel the end of the pipe using a chamfering tool
- If a chamfering tool is not available, a sharp knife or file are suitable, but not preferred
- Using a clean, dry rag wipe away any dirt and moisture from the joint surfaces
Step 2a: Prepare the

pipe and fittings

Solvent Welding CPVC: Step-by-Step Instructions – Step 2b
- Check the fit of the pipe and fitting:
- Pipe should make contact with socket wall 1/3 to 2/3 of the way into the fitting socket
- If the pipe goes all of the way into the fitting at this stage, discard the fitting
- Immediately proceed to Step 3, do not check the fit of multiple fittings at once
- This can increase the risk of an installer forgetting to solvent weld one or more of the
connections (a “dry fit”)

- Apply a heavy, even coat of one-step solvent cement to the outside of the pipe end
- Using the same applicator, without additional cement, apply a thin coat inside fitting
- Do not allow excess cement to puddle in the fitting and pipe assembly
Step 3. Apply One-step

Solvent Cement

- Apply a heavy, even coat of one-step solvent cement to the outside of the pipe end
- Using the same applicator, without additional cement, apply a thin coat inside fitting
- Do not allow excess cement to puddle in the fitting and pipe assembly

- Immediately after applying solvent cement, insert the CPVC pipe into the fitting,
rotating the pipe ¼ to ½ turn while inserting to ensure even distribution of cement
- Properly align the fitting and hold the assembly for approximately 10 seconds, allowing
the joint to set
Step 4: Assemble
the joint

- An even bead of cement should be visible around the joint
- If this bead is not visible it may indicate that solvent cement was not properly applied
- In this case, disassemble and remake the joint to ensure system integrity
Step 5: verify proper

installation

Fastening CPVC: Horizontal Supports
- Maintain straight alignment
- Piping should not be anchored tightly to supports
- Protect CPVC pipe when passing through metal studs
- Use hangers that can support the weight of the water-filled pipe
- Concentrated loads, such as valves, must be supported separately
- Use smooth hangers and straps that do not distort, cut, or abrade the pipe
- Allow for movement due to thermal expansion and contraction

Courtesy Uponor
- Protects pipe and prevents noise
Fastening CPVC: Horizontal Supports
- Piping should not be anchored tightly to supports
- Protect CPVC pipe when passing through metal studs
- Use hangers that can support the weight of the water-filled pipe
- Concentrated loads, such as valves, must be supported separately
- Use smooth hangers and straps that do not distort, cut, or abrade the pipe
- Allow for movement due to thermal expansion and contraction

Courtesy Uponor
- Protects pipe and prevents noise
Fastening CPVC: Horizontal Support Spacing
- Manufacturer’s recommendation for Copper Tube Size CPVC Tubing:
Copper Tube Size (CTS) Support Spacing, Feet
Nominal Pipe Size Maximum Water Temperature

(in)
73°F 100°F 140°F 180°F
½” 4 4 3½ 3
¾” 5 4½ 4 3
1” 5½ 5 4½ 3
1 ¼” 6 5½ 5 4
1 ½” 6½ 6 5½ 4
2” 7½ 7 6½ 4 Uponor
Courtesy

Fastening CPVC: Horizontal Support Spacing
- Manufacturer’s recommendation for Iron Pipe Size CPVC Pipe:
Iron Pipe Size (IPS) Support Spacing, Feet
Nominal Pipe Size Maximum Water Temperature
(in) 73°F 100°F 140°F 180°F
½” 5½ 5 4½ 2½
¾” 5½ 5½ 4½ 2½
1” 6 6 5 3
1 ¼” 6½ 6 5½ 3
1 ½” 7 6½ 5½ 3½
2” 7 7 6 3½
2 ½” 8 7½ 6½ 4
3” 8 8 7 4
4” 9 9 7½ 4½
6” 10 9½ 8 5
Courtesy Uponor
8” 11 10 ½ 9 5½
86 10” 11 ½ 11 9½ 6
©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute
Fastening CPVC: Vertical Support
- Vertical runs must be supported each
story height and at mid-story
- Use hangers and straps that do not

distort, cut, or abrade the pipe
- Use hangers that can support the weight

of the water-filled pipe
Courtesy Uponor

Protection
- Sleeving or isolators not required in wood studs
- Drill holes ¼" larger than the outside diameter

of the tube, when penetrating wood studs Courtesy Uponor
- Protect CPVC from abrasion and obvious Courtesy Lubrizol
abuse like cuts or gouges
- Do not use wood or plastic wedges that strain

the tube as it passes through wood studs
- Do not terminate a run of tube against an

immovable object

Protection
- Use sleeves or plastic isolators through metal studs to avoid continuous abrasion
Courtesy Lubrizol
Courtesy Lubrizol

Avoid Compressive Stress
- Use hangers/staples/talons without sharp edges - plastic is preferred
- Hangers/staples should not pinch the tube
- Use nail plates where CPVC passes within 2 in. (5 cm) of a nailing surface on a stud

Installation Under Slabs
- CPVC plumbing is recommended for use under slabs in most applications
- For underslab installations, install the pipe so that it snakes from side to side in the
trench to allow for expansion and contraction

Longitudinal Expansion and Contraction
- Linear expansion rate of CPVC:
2 inch per 50°F per 100 ft. length
- Offsets and loops can accommodate high

expected expansion and contraction
- In most cases, expansion & contraction can be

accommodated with normal changes of direction
- For long, straight runs loops or offsets will be necessary

- Expansion loops/arms/legs may be needed, depending on installation type, the
expected temperature changes and tubing size
- From NSPC:





- PPI Calculator at www.plasticpipecalculator.com helps with these calculations

Pressure Testing
- The system should not be pressure tested until minimum cure times have been met
- Fill the system with water and bleed air from the highest point
- Pressure test in accordance with local code requirements
- DO NOT test CPVC using pressurized air or compressed gas (e.g., nitrogen)
due to risk of separation under pressure

Summary
- Sizing, fastening, hanging, supporting,
pressure testing, code requirements

5. Industry Resources for CPVC
PPI’s Building & Construction Division webpages provide access to:
- Technical Publications
- Plastic Pipe Design Calculator
- Presentations and recorded webinars
- Educational videos
- Case studies
- Industry Links
- www.plasticpipe.org
BCD Homepage

Industry Resources for CPVC
- CPVC webpage

- CPVC webpage

- Plastic Pipe Design Calculator
- www.plasticpipecalculator.com

Industry Resources
The Plastic Pipe Institute
- PPI Staff contact page
- Phone numbers and email addresses
PPI Divisions:
- Building & Construction
- Drainage
- Energy Piping Systems
- Municipal & Industrial
- Power & Communications

Course Summary
By now, you should be able to:
1. Describe CPVC pipe and tubing materials in terms of history, standards,

material properties, capabilities, and code compliance.
2. Demonstrate CPVC joining techniques
3. Indicate where and how to use these materials in applications such as

plumbing distribution, fire protection, hydronic heating and cooling, and water
service.

Course Summary
By now, you should be able to:
4. Discuss installation requirements for CPVC plumbing applications by

addressing sizing, solvent cement details, fastening, hanging, supporting,
pressure-testing, and more.
5. Explain how to access industry resources related to CPVC piping materials.

CPVC Pipe & Tubing Systems for
Plumbing and Mechanical Applications
Thank you
Contact
Lance MacNevin, P.Eng.
PPI Director of Engineering - Building & Construction Division
lmacnevin@plasticpipe.org Tel (469) 499-1057

BCD Presentation CPVC Pipe Tubing

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CPVC Pipe & Tubing Systems for

Plumbing and Mechanical Applications

1 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

PPI Activities: Research, education, technical expertise, and advocacy

PPI Website: www.plasticpipe.org

2 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

BCD Homepage: https://plasticpipe.org/BuildingConstruction

3 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

CPVC = Chlorinated PolyVinyl Chloride

4 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

Content will be based partially on PPI TN-62

Content will also be based on other PPI

5 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

1. Describe CPVC pipe and tubing materials in terms of history, standards,

2. Demonstrate CPVC joining techniques

3. Indicate where and how to use these materials in applications such as

6 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

4. Discuss installation requirements for CPVC plumbing applications by

5. Explain how to access industry resources related to CPVC piping materials.

But first, a general Introduction to Plastic Pipes…

7 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride

8 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

1.1 Purpose “This Standard establishes minimum health

NSF 61 is updated regularly with stringent requirements

9 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

1.1 Purpose “This Standard establishes procedures

1.2 Scope “The standard applies to any drinking water

NSF 372 is updated regularly with stringent requirements

10 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

11 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

- PEX tubing is SDR 9 (wall thickness is 1/9 of the OD)

*Exception: Pipes that follow Schedule 40/80 dimension schemes

12 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

13 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

- CPVC pipe is Schedule 40 or 80 (ASTM F441) or various DRs (ASTM F442)

14 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

- Pressure-Temperature ratings are based on an extrapolated time-to-failure prediction

- Plastic systems demonstrate Long-term Hydrostatic Strength (LTHS) through

*Certain HDPE materials utilize a 0.63 design factor

15 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

16 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

17 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

- Solutions include intumescent caulks, wrap strips,

- Be sure to check listings and chemical compatibility!

18 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

19 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

20 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

21 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

22 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

- Proven long life, rigorous certifications, highly tested

23 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

24 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

25 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

26 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

Common types: CPVC 4120-05, CPVC 4120-06 (material designation codes)

Courtesy Lubrizol (x3)

27 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

28 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

- For SDR 11 CPVC tubing, standard hydrostatic

Source: PPI Technical Note 62

29 ©2021 Plastics Pipe Institute

Courtesy Lubrizol (x3)