Political: To Explain the Political Situation of Spain During the 19th

Century and How it Affected the Philippines

Members: 
Albios, April Nice M.
Batoon, Joshua Godwyl L.
Bustaliño, Fatima Kashelle
Callao, Candy
Crismundo, Kathleen G.
De Jesus, Jayian
Sajulla, Janna Kate P.
Lesson Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

a.  Compare and contrast the economic lives of the people

during the 19th century to identify their differences.

b.  Identify the political life of the people during the 19th
century for the students' enlightenment.
Political Situation of Spain in 19th Century
 THE REIGN OF CARLOS IV (1788-1808)

• FRENCH REVOLUTION  • MUTINY OF ARANJUEZ (1808)

 Theme: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity  Deposition of Manuel Godoy 
 The cause of liberal movements in Spain  Carlos IV abdicates in favor of his son, Fernando
VII.
Carlos IV lacked leadership and entrusted the
government to Manuel Godoy.
Prime Minister Manuel Godoy allied with • THE NAPOLEONIC INVASION
France against Great Britain (1795).  Bayonne Agreement: Carlos IV and Fernando VII
 Treaties of San Ildefonso (1796-1800) abdicated by Napoleon
 Disastrous Economic Situation: Battle of
Trafalgar (1805) and Disastrous Situation in
the Crops
 Treaty of Fontainebleau (1807)
 THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
(1808-1814)

The Reign of Joseph I: Joseph Bonaparte I (brother of Napoleon)

established the “Statue of Bayonne” and embraced the French republican
cause.
PHASES OF THE WAR:

THE END OF WAR

Treaty of Valencay (1813): Napoleon recognized Ferdinand VII as King of Spain and the
French withdrew Spain. 
LAS CORTES DE CADIZ
 THE REIGN OF FERNANDO VII (1814-1833)

 THE ABSOLUTIST SEXENNIAL (1814-1820)

Abolishment of the constitution: Restoration of the Ancien Regime
Return to the absolute monarchy: Persecution of Liberals 

 THE LIBERAL TRIENNIAL (1820-1823)

Coup of colonel Rafael Reigo: Reestablishment of 1812’s constitution 
Boycott of the King
Intervention of the Holy Alliance : The 100,000 sons of Saint Louis 

 THE OMINOUS DECADE (1823-1833)

Return to the absolutism 
Creation of two sectors in royal court:
-Carlists: Wanted to apply the “Salic Law of succession” defenders of strict albotism 
- Isabelinos: Wanted to abolish the “Salic Law” search for the support of moderated liberals
  SPANISH-AMERICA INDEPENDENCE 

Political crisis in Spain led to uprisings of independence in America.

PHASES OF INDEPENDENCE
1. First Phase (1808-1814)
2. Second Phase ( 1816-1826)
 REIGN OF ISABEL II (1833-1868)

The regency of Maria Cristina: 1833-1840

• Initial support of Moderated Liberals: 1833-1836
• Progressive Government: 1836 - 1840 
o Mutiny of La Granja (August 1836)
o Constitution of 1837
o Confiscation of Mendizábal
The Democratic Sexeny Bourbon Restoration

Amadeo de Saboya Alfonso XII 

Democratic monarch
Son of Isabella II
First Republic of Spain Constitution of 1876
Lasted only for a year
 The Effects of Spain’s Political
Situation on the Economic Lives
of the Filipinos During the 19th
Century
1.Economic Growth due to Free
Trading 
oElimination of mercantilism
How mercantilism works?

• Opening of ports and the rise of

Laissez Faire
• Modern methods of production
and transportation like sugar
mills and steamships are
introduced
• The demand for Philippine
commercial agriculture supplies 
(sugar, abace, coffee etc.)
2. Rise of the Filipino Middle-Upper
Class
• The appearance of a new class (tenants
and friars) which plays a role in
trading.
3. Education and Nationalism
• Public education in the Philippines
• Sons of the wealthy were sent to Europe to Study
• Development of Nationalism
o Jose Rizal established La Liga Filipina. 
o Andres Bonifacio created the
Kataastasan, Kagalanggalangan
Katipunan (KKK)
o The Philippine Revolution (1896) 
o Independence was declared  (June 12,
1898)
o Emilio Aguinaldo became the first
president of the Philippines
Economic Lives of the
People in Spain During
19th Century
1. Low Population Density
• The Spanish Civil War caused
casualties, outmigration, and
disruption of family life.
• Severe poverty was
widespread
2. Inefficient Public Finances
• Political instability
3. Low yields in Agriculture and
inadequate transport
• Primitive transportation resulting to
disruption of local and international trade
• Road travel was slow and expensive
• The marauding armies seized farmers'
crops; more importantly, farmers lost much
of their livestock, their main capital asset.
 The Effects of Spain’s Political
Situation on the Political Lives of
the People During the 19th
Century in the Philippines.

• Appointed authorities are incompetent, lack
dedication to duty and moral strength to resist
corruption.
• Philippines had suffered from feudalistic and
master slave relationship by the Spaniards
• Poor tax utilization
• Practice of replacing Governor Generals
constantly.
• Failure to achieve consistent policies
• The Filipinos were sold as slaves to the
Spaniards.
• There were too complicated functions in the
union of the church and the state.
• There was inadequate administrative
supervision.
• The Spaniards were corrupt, and
Alcaldias/Alcalde is considered the most
corrupt.
• In the closing years of the nineteenth century,
the Philippine Islands became a territorial part
of the United States.
• Due to world trade, the influx of liberal works
by Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Locke, and
other authors influenced the minds of
Filipinos.
 Summary
In Spain, the 19th century was a time of transformation. The
Spanish fought for their rights as a result of liberal ideologies.
From 1808 to the start of the 1900s, there were numerous political
movements, alternating between administrations that were
liberal and those that were absolutist. This period of time reveals
a perplexing period of instability and turmoil. On the other hand,
the Philippines’ economy flourished as the country eliminated
mercantilism, allowing the rise of export transactions in the
country. The growth of the economy enables some of the families
in the Philippines to gain prominence and opportunities such as
education, business ventures, and even politics.
 References:
https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/senadohistoria/periodosconstitucionales/index.html?lang=en#2
https://www.slideshare.net/pflores88/spain-in-the-19th-century-71638083
https://www.slideshare.net/ngelRamosLpezdelPrad/spain-in-the-19-th-century
https://www.slideshare.net/mgilcam/3-spain-in-the-19th-century
https://www.britannica.com/place/Spain/Primo-de-Rivera-1923-30-and-the-Second-Republic-1931-36
https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines/The-period-of-U-S-influence
https://www.classicspanishbooks.com/19th-cent-history.html
http://countrystudies.us/spain/51.htm#:~:text=Spain%20emerged%20from%20the%20Civil,of%20both%20industry%20and%20agriculture
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