Non-Modifiable Risk Factors: Modifiable Risk Factors:

Patient is 52 yrs. old -Chonic conditions

Family history of anemia -Intestinal disorders
Diagnostics:
CBC
Anemia Hgb: 99
Diagnostics:
CBC
L
Erythrocytes: 2.5 L
Hct: 0.29 L
Capillary refill more than 3 sec.
Decreased Pallor
Hgb: 99 L Erythropoiesis due to
Hct: 0.29 L Bluish nail beds
bone marrow disorder
Erythrocytes : and chronic kidney
2.5 L disease

Reducing
erythropoietin Ineffective
Decreased production peripheral tissue
cardiac output (Reduced RBC perfusion related
related to low Production) to low hemoglobin
blood volume

PRBC/ Blood
Transfusion Myeloid
Expected Progenitor cells
Outcomes: becomes reticulocytes PRBC/ Blood Transfusion
- Display (Stimulated by
hemodynamic stability Erythropoietin
(e.g., blood pressure,
cardiac
output, renal (Premature RBC)
perfusion/urinary Expected Outcomes:
Reticulocytes capable Demonstrate increased
output, peripheral of limited amount of Hgb
pulses). perfusion as individually
and protein synthesis appropriate
- Report/demonstrate
decreased episodes (e.g., skin warm and dry,
of dyspnea, angina, peripheral pulses present
and dysrhythmias. and
Fatigue strong, absence of
Enters the blood Lack of O2 in Pallor edema, free of pain or
stream after 3 days to the circulatory Conjunctival Pallor discomfort).
Nursing Interventions: become RBC's system Bony Tenderness
- Monitor Vital signs Hepatospleganomaly
-Regulate PRBC during Blood transfusion
-Observe patient's reaction to Blood transfusion like
Decreased BP, Increased RR, Chest pain, Fever,
Tachycardia, Rashes and Headache Complete Blood Count Nursing Interventions:
-Reiterate to the patient the decrease of physical activity (Mean Corpuscular Volume) - Monitor patient's vital signs
and optimal rest. Size or mass of the RBC - Monitor patient's I & O
- Inspect patient's capillary refill
-Inspect patient for signs of pallor
- Reiterate the importance of increased fluid
intake to the patient
Microcytic anemia Macrocytic anemia - Promote nonpharmacological pain management
<80 FL >100 FL such as quiet environment, calm activities and
Blood Film Blood Film comfort measures.

Iron deficiency,
Chronic Inflammatory Non-Megaloblastic Megaloblastic
Disease,
Thalassemia

Megaloblasts
Large
-large
matrure
immature
RBC's
RBC's

Alcohol Vitamin B12

Abuse, deficiency,
Hyperthyroidism, Folate
Pregnancy deficiency,
Drug Induced
effect