Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Session 1.2 - Willson - 0 - Methane Slip

    Uploaded by

    Fauzan Phone
    30 views10 pages
    Bryan Willson is the director of the Colorado State University Energy Institute and a professor of mechanical engineering. He discusses methane emissions from natural gas engines used in transmission and gathering stations. Approximately 9% of methane emissions from natural gas transmission and 40% from gathering come from methane slip from reciprocating engines. The amount of methane slip depends on the engine technology and can eliminate any greenhouse gas benefits of natural gas over diesel. Current catalysts used to reduce methane slip require exhaust temperatures of 500°C or higher but natural gas engine exhaust temperatures are typically lower. Potential approaches to reduce methane slip include in-cylinder modifications and improved aftertreatment technologies like new catalyst chemistries or methane traps.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    Session 1.2 - Willson_0 - Methane slip

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Bryan Willson is the director of the Colorado State University Energy Institute and a professor of mechanical engineering. He discusses methane emissions from natural gas engines used in transmission and gathering stations. Approximately 9% of methane emissions from natural gas transmission and 40% from gathering come from methane slip from reciprocating engines. The amount of methane slip depends on the engine technology and can eliminate any greenhouse gas benefits of natural gas over diesel. Current catalysts used to reduce methane slip require exhaust temperatures of 500°C or higher but natural gas engine exhaust temperatures are typically lower. Potential approaches to reduce methane slip include in-cylinder modifications and improved aftertreatment technologies like new catalyst chemistries or methane traps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views10 pages

    Session 1.2 - Willson - 0 - Methane Slip

    Uploaded by

    Fauzan Phone
    Bryan Willson is the director of the Colorado State University Energy Institute and a professor of mechanical engineering. He discusses methane emissions from natural gas engines used in transmission and gathering stations. Approximately 9% of methane emissions from natural gas transmission and 40% from gathering come from methane slip from reciprocating engines. The amount of methane slip depends on the engine technology and can eliminate any greenhouse gas benefits of natural gas over diesel. Current catalysts used to reduce methane slip require exhaust temperatures of 500°C or higher but natural gas engine exhaust temperatures are typically lower. Potential approaches to reduce methane slip include in-cylinder modifications and improved aftertreatment technologies like new catalyst chemistries or methane traps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Methane Emissions from

    Combustion Sources /
    Natural Gas Engines
    Bryan Willson
    Director - Colorado State University Energy Institute
    Professor of Mechanical Engineering
    Presidential Chair in Energy Innovation
    ARPA-E REMEDY Workshop October 20, 2020
    Personal Background
    ‣ Founding Director, CSU Energy Institute
    ‣ Founding Director, CSU Engines & Energy
    Conversion Lab, CSU Powerhouse
    Energy Campus
    ‣ Professor of Mechanical Engineering
    ‣ Presidential Chair in Energy Innovation
    ‣ ARPA-E
    – Program Director, 2012-2016
    – SGE, 2017-2019
    – Founding Program Director for MONITOR program on
    detection of methane emissions

    1
    Organizational Background
    ‣ Industrial natural gas engines
    – Slow-speed 2-stroke engines for natural gas
    pipelines
    – Medium-speed 4-stroke engines for power
    generation
    – High-speed 4-stroke engines for vehicles

    2
    Relevant Natural Gas
    Combustion Sources
    ‣ External Combustion
    🙂 Boilers
    😐 Flares
    ‣ Internal Combustion
    🙂 Gas Turbines
    🙂😕☹️Reciprocating Engines
    • 4-stroke engines
    – Stoichiometric
    – Lean-burn
    • 2-stroke lean-burn

    3
    9% of CH4 Emissions from
    Natural Gas Transmission

    Approx. 9% of CH4
    emissions from natural
    gas transmission is from
    methane slip.

    Over half of compression


    power is from gas
    turbines, which eliminate
    little CH4.

    Highlights CH4 emissions


    from reciprocating
    engines

    Zimmerle, et al. Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Transmission and Storage System in the United
    States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 15, 9374–9383. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01669

    DOI: (10.1021/acs.est.5b01669)
    40% of CH4 Emissions from
    Natural Gas Gathering

    Approx. 40% of CH4


    emissions from natural
    gas gathering stations
    are from methane slip
    from engines /
    combustion.

    Zimmerle, et al.
    Characterization of
    Methane Emissions from
    Gathering Compressor
    Stations: Final Report.
    DE-FE0029068.
    https://www.osti.gov/ser
    vlets/purl/1506681
    CH4 Slip Depends on the Technology
    Can Overcome any GHG Benefit

    Impact of engine methane emissions on net GHG benefit of natural gas


    engines GHG benefit relative to diesel. Methane GWP = 34
    October 22, 2020 Insert Presentation Name 6
    https://www.nho.no/siteassets/nox-fondet/rapporter/2018/methane-slip-from-gas-engines-mainreport-1492296.pdf
    Mechanisms
    ‣ Highly stable molecule produces
    “quenching” in cylinder
    – Near “cold” combustion chamber wall
    – In crevices such as region above piston Heywood’s Classic
    HC Diagram
    rings Internal Combustion Engine
    Fundamentals
    – Normal center combustion “pushes” ISBN-13: 978-1260116106

    unburned methane into crevice zones


    ‣ Absorption / desorption into oil film on piston walls
    ‣ Low catalyst efficiency with conventional oxidation / three-
    way catalysts

    October 22, 2020 Insert Presentation Name 7


    Current Catalysts Need
    ‣ Current catalysts need
    exhaust temperatures near 500C
    ‣ Catalyst performance degrades over
    time, particularly in presence of sulfur
    ‣ Temperature range of natural gas
    engines:
    – 2-stroke lean burn Methane oxidation efficiency
    340C – 400C for different precious metals
    – 4-stroke lean burn versus temperature
    400C – 600C Majewski, et al.Methane Oxidation Catalysts

    – 4-stroke stoichiometric w/o EGR https://dieselnet.com/tech/catalyst_methane_oxi


    500C – 600 dation.php#app

    – 00C
    – 4-stroke stoichiometric w/ EGR
    450C – 550C

    October 22, 2020 Insert Presentation Name 8


    Potential Approaches
    In-cylinder
    ‣ Reduced crevice volume (CV)
    ‣ Combustion chamber redesign
    ‣ Injection scheme to reduce fuel in CV
    ‣ Ignition strategies to reduce packing of fuel into CV
    ‣ Higher wall temp
    ‣ Improved fuel characteristics (H2, reformed fuel, etc.)
    Aftertreatment
    ‣ Catalyst chemistry
    ‣ Catalyst heating / “activation” by other means
    ‣ CH4 trap / regeneration

    October 22, 2020 Insert Presentation Name 9

    You might also like