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 Contents
MAP OF
UNIT GRAMMAR MATERIAL FUNCTIONS PAGE
THE UNIT

INTRODUCTION 5

?]\m\ m923-;01-0;2.>-924567839 a3G856>.;85>.;=<-8.5 Going through

mn44]:o\/n 325-2512 a3G856>.;.w858.5 Grammar
/4]m4]p4\m/ p7<338>81<-8.53.>325-25123 68@856.w858.5<6;22856M Together
mCq4/ q<;-3.>-92325-2512 B83<6;22856y8-9.w858.5 6
a]rqasm/ q<;-3.>3w2219 4zw;23385630;w;8321;8-8183= On Your Own
mCq4/tu ]26<-8.5 .;1.=w7<85-
v?4/m\t]/ mAw23.>x023-8.53
?]\m\\ m92@2;|to have 4zw7<858561<032 Going through
qs4/4]muts{/ m92@2;|to be 4zw;233856.w858.53<5B Grammar
qs4/4]m/\{qo4 q;2325-/8=w72<5B8-3032 30ww.38-8.53 Together 28
qs4/4]m q;2325-p.5-850.03<5B8-3 a6;22856MB83<6;22856
pt]m\]?t?/ 032 On Your Own
?]\m\\\ q;2325-q2;>21-<5B8-3032 }22w8560w-921.5@2;3<-8.5 Going through
qa/m/\{qo4 q<3-/8=w72<5B8-3032 ;23w.5B856 Grammar
qs4/4]m q;2325-q2;>21-p.5-850.03 {<G8561.517038.53 Together
q4su4pma]r 1.=w<;2B-.q;2325- Dw;2325-856-92;2307-3H 48
qs4/4]m p.5-850.03<5Bq;2325- On Your Own
q4su4pm q2;>21-
pt]m\]?t?/

?]\m\~ q<3-p.5-850.03<5B8-3032 ]<;;<-8562@25-385-92w<3- Going through

qa/m q<3-q2;>21-<5B8-3032 Grammar
pt]m\]?t?/ q<3-q2;>21-p.5-850.03<5B Together
70
qa/mq4su4pm 8-3032
pt]m\]?t?/ m928B2<.>-92/2x02512 On Your Own
.>m25323
?]\m~ u0-0;2u.;=3 nAw.-9238856 Going through
u?m?s4 u0-0;2/8=w72<5B8-3032 :8@856<w;.=832y<;5856 Grammar
/\{qo4u?m?s4 u0-0;2p.5-850.03<5B8-3 4zw;233856;2x023-39.w23 Together
pt]m\]?t?/ 032 85@8-<-8.53<5B.>>2;3
91
u?m?s4q4su4pmu0-0;2q2;>21-<5B8-3032 On Your Own
a]ru?m?s4 u0-0;2q2;>21-p.5-850.03
q4su4pm <5B8-3032
pt]m\]?t?/

3
?]\m~\ s2w.;-2B/w2219 s2x023-856<5B85x08;85685 Going through
mn4/4v?4]p4 m92;072.>-92/2x02512.> -92;2w.;-2B3w2219 Grammar
tum4]/4/ m25323 F.<3-856B25A856;2>03856 Together
mn4s4qtsm4r u0-0;285-92q<3- 1.=w7<8585685-92;2w.;-2B
105
/q44pn 3w2219 On Your Own
4zw;233856w2;=8338.5<5B
w;.98|8-8.585-92;2w.;-2B
3w2219

:4]4saos4~\4btu~4sFuts{/\]mn4apm\~4~t\p4 122

?]\m~\\ ?32.>q<338@2u.;=3 4zw7<85856<w;.12B0;2 Going through

qa//\~4~t\p4 m2532385q<338@2 r231;8|85631825-8>81y.5B2;3Grammar
r8;21-<5B\5B8;21-q<338@2 ].-23.531825-8>813-A72 Together
130
p.53-;01-8.53 p9<56856-92>.103.>
4;6<-8@2~2;|3 <325-2512 On Your Own
p<03<-8@2p.53-;01-8.53 b;8-856.>>818<772--2;3
:4]4saos4~\4btu~4sFuts{/\]mn4apm\~4a]rqa//\~4~t\p4 155
:ot//asC 163
aqq4]r\€
168
o\/mtu\ss4:?oas~4sF/

4
 U NIT
I

THE ENGLISH SENTENCE:

ITS TYPES AND PARTS, TYPES OF QUESTIONS
G O I N G T H R O U G H G R A M M A R TO G E T H E R
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ENGLISH SENTENCE
Exercise

1.1.
a) Match the English and Ukrainian c) Match the English and Ukrainian
terms denoting parts of the sentence. terms denoting verbals.
 30|21- <H (,  \5>858-8@2 <H L%
X w;2B81<-2 |H % X :2;05B !L
K .|21- 1H ! K q<;-818w72\M\\ |H *
[ <--;8|0-2 BH  1H '&
l <B@2;|8<7=.B8>82; 2H 

b) Match the English and Ukrainian d) Match the English and Ukrainian
terms denoting parts of speech. terms denoting classes of the English
verbs.
 5.05 <H %
X @2;| |H   5.-8.5<7 <H %$
K <B21-8@2 1H &% X =.B<7 |H LE,
[ <B@2;| BH L K 785G 1H %#
l w;.5.05 2H ( [ <0z878<;A BH (
^ 50=2;<7 >H (
Z w;2w.38-8.5 6H %
 1.5051-8.5 9H &%

6
THE ENGLISH SENTENCE: ITS TYPES AND PARTS, TYPES OF QUESTIONS Unit 1
e) Match the English and Ukrainian f) Match the English and Ukrainian
terms denoting communicative types terms denoting the structural types
of sentences. of sentences.
 B217<;<-8@2 <H #  38=w72 H ,
X 85-2;;.6<-8@2 |H ( X 1.=w.38-2 |H 
K 8=w2;<-8@2 1H  K 1.=w.05B 1H 
[ 2z17<=<-.;A BH # [ 1.=w72z BH ,
l w.38-8@2 2H ( l 1.=w72-2 2H 
^ 526<-8@2 >H $# ^ 851.=w72-2 >H d
Z 2z-25B2B 6H 
 052z-25B2B 9H !
Y w2;3.5<7 8H !!

8=w2;3.5<7 H d
Table 1
WORD ORDER
T H E D E C L A R AT I V E S E N T E N C E
(positive or negative)

n.y„ b925„
b925„ b92;2„
Dar~4sF\ao
{tr\u\4sH /?F‚4pm qs4r\pam4 tF‚4pm ar~4sF\ao{tr\u\4s

 X K [
Yesterday I met my friend in the street.
Ann is playing cheerfully in the yard now.

Negative sentences<;2>.;=2By8-9-92927w.>‘not’<5B‘no’:
NOT + Verb II do not like rock music.
NOT + many / much — There is not much coffee in the cup. /
There are not many books on the
shelf.
NOT + Adjective  — It’s not difficult to understand this
rule.
I am not nervous. It’s not hot today. Explain the difference
NOT + Adjective + Noun — It was not a huge meal, but enough and give your example:
for two people.
/9283not<3-0B25-
ƒƒƒ
X/9283no3-0B25-
NO + Adjective  — The football match was no good at all.
It's no good trying to apologise.
NO + Noun   — I have no time today.
NO + Adjective + Noun — I have no free time today.

7
Unit 1 UNIVERSITY GRAMMAR. YEAR I

Exercise Fill in the gaps with ‘not’ or ‘no’.

1.2.
m92AE7762-...927w>;.=m<5A<
Xr.A.0G5.y/w<5839„I\
Km92A9<@27<;62308-23.57AB.0|72;..=3<;272>-
[q2-2;9<31.=2A2-
lm92;2<;23.=<5A|..G385.0;78|;<;A|0-<77.>-92=<;2@2;A85-2;23-856
^m85<83B<512;|0-392G5.y3u;2519|23-.><7785.0;6;.0w
Z…2-<83<-9.=25.y
n0;;A0w3.=019-8=28372>-
Ym92;2<;23-0B25-385-92;..=

 F2-983<B<512;39283<6A=5<3-
 b2<;2y;8-8565.yy2<;2;2<B856

Exercise Define what function the word DOOZ, which is not a real English word, performs in
1.3. each sentence and what part of speech it belongs to. Then think of a real word that
you could replace it with.
/1825-83-3032B-.@838--983837<5B-.3-0BA-9205030<7doozes78@856-92;2
Xm921987B;25y2;2doozing85-92319..7A<;B
KDoozes<;2192<w2<3A-.1..G<5B6..B>.;A.0;92<7-9
[\=2-<@2;A>;825B7Adooz.5-92w7<52>;.=}A8@-.o.5B.5<5By29<B<581219<-
l\-y<33019<doozing>87=-9<-|A-92-8=28->858392B=<5Aw2.w72<;.05B03y2;235.;856
7.0B7A
^b225.A2B@838-856-927.1<7doozA23-2;B<A
Z{<;A|26<5-.-<7Gdoozily<|.0-92;@838--.-92F;8-839{0320=
\dooz‚<1G2@2;A-8=2\32298=
Yr.1-.;b<-3.583<@2;Adooz=<5y8-9<52<-=.03-<192<5B<58123=872

 4@2;A.5285.0;6;.0w83<|72-.dooz
 ?5>.;-05<-27A8-y<3y;8--25@2;Adoozily<5B5.|.BA1.07B05B2;3-<5B8-
X Dooz39.07B|2<--92721-0;2<--92=.=25-39.07B5E-92„b9<-E392B.85692;285
-921<>å„
K \>A.09<@2<5Adooz<|.0-.0;w;.B01-w72<32325B8-|<1G<5B8-y877|2;2w7<12B
.;;2>05B2B
[ /<;<96.23-.w<;-8232@2;ADooz|21<03239283<7y<A3>;22.5Dooz2@258563

Exercise Identify parts of the sentence and fill in the chart. Mind that parts of sentences can
1.4. be expressed by phrases. The first sentence has been analysed as an example.
{A5<=283{<;A5<~81-.;8@5<
X\-2<194567839
K\y877-2<19A.04567839:;<==<;
[\9<@2|225-2<198564567839<--983?58@2;38-A>.;-25A2<;3
l‚.95<5B{<;AB.5E-78@285o8@2;w..7

8
THE ENGLISH SENTENCE: ITS TYPES AND PARTS, TYPES OF QUESTIONS Unit 1
^my812<y22G\9<@2=A-2558317<33
Zm92721-0;2;9<3=<B2<w;2325-<-8.5.>983;232<;1985-921.5>2;2512;..=-983
<>-2;5..5
my.w;2--A68;73y2;2-<7G8567.0B7A85-92319..79<77
YC23-2;B<Ay2305|<-92B<5B3y<=85-92.12<5-92y9.72B<A7.56

 \9<@2<;2607<;1.>>22|;2<G<-=A.>>81285-92<>-2;5..5

Adverbial Attribute Subject Predicate Attribute Object Object Adverbial Adverbial Adverbial
modifier 1 2 modifier modifier modifier
of manner of place of time
(0) (1) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4) (4)
 My name is Maryna
Victorivna
X
K
[
l
^
Z

Y



Exercise Rearrange the words to make sentences. Define the function of the underlined words.
1.5. Then add some personal information.
Example: My I Saturday on to go cinema friends and
the usually.
Sentence: My friends and I usually go to the cinema on Saturday.
to the cinema — an adverbial modifier of place
Comments: I can’t say I go to the cinema every Saturday, but sometimes my friends invite me
and I always go with them if the film is good.

I8-030<77A-.>85B=<G2>;825B352y9<;B
X528-92;5.;5.28-92;|;.-92;3383-2;31.03853\\9<@2
9<@2<5B
K1.=2-.y5?G;<8523.0-9\<3=<7785.>>;.=-92
[\=Aw<;25-385y85-2;3G88566.<5B3.=2-8=23
ly925319..7B8B>;825B\|0-581G5<=29<B52@2;\
|23-<<-y<3=A
^w<-;.5A=813<=2=852=.-92;E3=A83-92<3

9
Unit 1 UNIVERSITY GRAMMAR. YEAR I

Z|;.-92;383-2;1987B><=87A=2=AXXA2<;.7B27B23-
A.0562;-9<583-92<5B8583.0;-92
B.5E-85-2;w;2-85683-2<19856\-9<-7<560<623-985G2<382;
>.;2865-9<5

Table 2

ORDER OF OBJECTS
a)

b9<-„
to / for / ... +
<H/?F‚4pm qs4r\pam4 r\s4pmtF‚4pm \]r\s4pmtF‚4pm
 X K< K|
Mother gave an apple to Tom.
Mother gave it to Tom.

b)

b9<-„

|H/?F‚4pm qs4r\pam4 \]r\s4pmtF‚4pm r\s4pmtF‚4pm

 X K| K<
Mother gave Tom an apple.

The direct object answers If the direct object is a pronoun,

the question ‘What?’ only pattern a is possible.

Exercise Find objects in the sentences. Underline the direct objects and circle the indirect ones.
1.6. Mind that not all sentences have both types of objects.
n2;w<;25-3325B92;=.52A2@2;A/05B<A
Xa5.7By.=<5.w252B-92B..;
Kb2030<77A68@2y.5B2;>07w;2325-3-..0;78--72B<069-2;>.;92;|8;-9B<A
[‚.5<990;;82B7A9<5B2B/<;<992;-81G2-
lm92>7.;83-<;;<562B-92;.32385<|702@<32
^m921.0;<62.032zw7.;2;-.7B-92;2w.;-2;392;3-.;A
Zt0;52869|.0;3<;2;2w<8;856-928;w.;19-983y22G25B
t0;6A=-2<192;-<069-03<52yB<512-.B<A
Ym921987B;25<;22<-8568121;2<=<5BB;85G856=<56.0812

 b9AB.235E-3921<77=2„
 /9287<.>-251..G303|;2<G><3-
X b2030<77A|0A92;>7.y2;3.53w218<7.11<38.53
K o2-E3325B<5/{/-./9287<

10
THE ENGLISH SENTENCE: ITS TYPES AND PARTS, TYPES OF QUESTIONS Unit 1

Exercise Extend the sentences adding new parts and making necessary changes. Follow
1.7. the patterns.
a. + a direct object.
b. + an indirect object.
c. + an adverbial modifier of time.
d. + an adverbial modifier of frequency.
e. + an adverbial modifier of manner.
f. + an adverbial modifier of place.
g. + an attribute to the subject.
h. + an attribute to the direct object.
i. + an attribute to the indirect object.
j. + an attribute to the adverbial modifier of manner.
k. + an attribute to the adverbial modifier of place.
l. + an attribute to the adverbial modifier of time.
Example: John reads.
a. John reads books.
b. John reads books to his brother.
c. John reads books to his brother in the evening.
d. John usually reads books to his brother in the evening.
e. John usually reads books to his brother with pleasure in the evening.
f. John usually reads books to his brother with pleasure in his bedroom in the evening.
g. 15-year-old John usually reads books to his brother with pleasure in his bedroom in the evening.
h. 15-year-old John usually reads interesting books to his brother with pleasure in his bedroom in
the evening.
i. 15-year-old John usually reads interesting books to his younger brother with pleasure in his
bedroom in the evening.
j. 15-year-old John usually reads interesting books to his younger brother with great pleasure in
his bedroom in the evening.
k. 15-year-old John usually reads interesting books to his younger brother with great pleasure in
his small bedroom in the evening.
l. 15-year-old John usually reads interesting books to his younger brother with great pleasure in
his small bedroom on Sunday evenings.

\72<;5
X/-277<-2<1923
K/-0B25-3y;8-2
[s2|211<38563

Exercise Add objects where possible. Add prepositions where necessary.

1.8.
Example: He sent a postcard.
He sent a postcard to his mother. OR: He sent his mother a postcard.

{81927723w.G2<|.0--92983-.;A.>/-~<725-852E3r<A
X{A6;<5Bw<;25-372>-a5G<;<-983<>-2;5..5

11
Unit 1 UNIVERSITY GRAMMAR. YEAR I

Kn83321;2-<;A-Aw2B>.;98=
[]81.7<3y;.-2-922B8-.;<|.0--92>23-8@<7
l:252;<7{1a;-90;6<@2-92.;B2;3
^\5-92=..57869-4778.-3<y<3-;<56278--721;2<-0;2
Zm983‚<w<5232;23-<0;<5-.>>2;330398
]2871.=w.323>.;-927.1<7~<;82-Am92<-;2

Exercise Translate into English. Give two versions of word order where possible.
1.9.
J!# #'O%J#'$(L
X %#&`Vc“Game of Thrones”„
Q$)(&'#
K‡##% +'& eJ,&dd
 !!
[N(&%'%e%L%j%d
lJ((L(,%&J$)+#%+#!'#)

^O#_) ,%J %!,
ZQ)(( ++N,&  %#'
g* %( #IO+#&'
%%,&&' #%$%(
Y‡!‡'%%j!'#%!
‡$'%L'

 eˆ(&d,$,L (#(&'
% 

Table 3
WORD ORDER
T H E I N T E R R O G AT I V E S E N T E N C E
(positive or negative)
a)
‰mtF4E /?F‚4pm ]tm\t]ao]t{\]ao D.-92;w<;-3
qasmtumn4qs4r\pam4 .>-92325-2512H„
X  X K[
Is he a student at this university?

b)
a?€\o\asCM /?F‚4pm ]tm\t]ao~4sFao D.-92;w<;-3
{trao~4sF qasmtumn4qs4r\pam4 .>-92325-2512H„
X  X K[
Does he study at this university?

12
THE ENGLISH SENTENCE: ITS TYPES AND PARTS, TYPES OF QUESTIONS Unit 1

Exercise Say which pattern (Table 1, 3a or 3b) illustrates the structure of the sentences.
1.10.
m9268;7<53y2;2B-92x023-8.51.;;21-7A
Xb<38-y<;=A23-2;B<A„
Kr.A.078G2|0--2;>7823„
[a;2A.0<=<5<62;.>-9831.=w<5A„
lp<5A.0;057.56B83-<5123„
^].|.BAG5.y3{27<582
Zn<33921.=29.=2A2-„

Exercise Interrogative sentences fall into four types and there are different terms to name
1.11. them. Match the terms and the questions.

Terms Interrogative Sentences / Questions Terms

a/w218<7 r.A.078G2w<85-856„ <m<6x023-8.53

F:252;<7 Xr.A.078G235<G23.;1;.1.B8723=.;2„ |b9x023-8.53

pr83051-8@2 Kb92;2<;2A.0>;.=„ 1C23M].x023-8.53

ra7-2;5<-8@2 [C.0<;2r0-19<;25E-A.0„ Bp9.812x023-8.53

Exercise Fill in the gaps with auxiliary or link verbs or question words.
1.12.
A.0G5.yu;2519„
X.>A.03w2<G34567839„
KB8B3921.=29.=2A23-2;B<A„
[9<3‚.<56.52„
l|..G39<@2A.0;2<B-983A2<;„I\E@2;2<B32@25
^392/w<5839„
Z=87G83-92;285-9210w„
-92;2<5A=87G85-9210w„
Y{<66A78G21987B;25„

 9<392|225w<85-856-92y<77385-92G8-1925„

Exercise Study the following examples of alternative questions and fill in the gaps.
1.13.
Examples:
Do they or you like swimming at dawn?
Do they like or hate swimming at dawn?
Do they like swimming at dawn or at sunset?
Do they like swimming or jogging at dawn?
/9<77y2;2<B.;-92-2z-„
Xn<3392|.069-<=<6<852.;„

13
 Unit 1 UNIVERSITY GRAMMAR. YEAR I

Kr8B]<51A.;3-0BAp985232-y.A2<;3<6.„
[r.A.0w;2>2;6;225.;|<63„
l\3o287<F;<878<5.;„
^b<3q<0785{2z81..;85.59.78B<A„
Zr.23A.0;383-2;.;3-0BAq.;-060232„


DISJUNCTIVE QUESTIONS
The scheme
of a disjunctive question:
+,–?
–,+?

NOTE: NOTE:
Some sentences are questions only in form. There are some special cases
They express order, request or suggestion. of tag-question formation:
Let’s go for a walk, shall we? I am so pretty, aren’t I?
Let them go away, will you? They used to live in Liverpool, didn’t they?
Help me with this bag, will you?

Exercise Make up disjunctive questions.

1.14.
C.0G5.y98= can I
Xm92Ay2;292;2A23-2;B<A can’t
K/92B.235E-G5.y98= didn’t you
[‚<52=03-B.8- do
lb29<@29<B-983-23-<7;2<BA will
she
^\<=;869- won’t
?
ZC.0y8773-<Ay8-9=2 aren’t
he
o2-92;B.8- haven’t
YC.0B.5E-3w2<Gq.7839 mustn’t

 m92A1<=285-8=2 does we

 m928;3.51<5y<7G5.y weren’t

X n21<5E-927w03 don’t they

14
THE ENGLISH SENTENCE: ITS TYPES AND PARTS, TYPES OF QUESTIONS Unit 1

Exercise Make up questions and take turns with your partner asking and answering them.
1.15.
2=<87<BB;2333.-9<-8530==2;1<59.=21.07B68@2=2
y;8-2y925A.0A.0;6.\-.y2A.0„
XA.0y<35E--.8-8-2<3A>.;y<325-2;-92
058@2;38-A„
KB.23B.239<@2-.=019=.-92;392=.3-.>-92-8=2A.0;
<-92;y.;G-8=2.;3-<A<-9.=23w25B„
[319..7y925A.0.7B3-<;-2By2;2A.09.y„
l383-2;3w<;25-39.y6.-=<5A|;.-92;39<@2<5BA.0;„
^A.05.yy9.-92A.0>.;<;2927w2B3-0BA85619..32
w;.>2338.5„
Z?58@2;38-AB.2378@2-<G2A.0A.0>;.=-.62-y92;2
7.568--.-929.y„
A.0A.0A.0E77A.0;<|8-7<-2;B.<;22<;7A-y25-823.;
-985G62-y925=<;;82B85„

INTERROGATIVE-NEGATIVE SENTENCES ARE USED:

1) to express surprise, indignation etc.:
Didn’t you fill in the form yesterday? I saw it on the table.
Hasn’t Mum come yet?
2) in polite invitations:
Wouldn’t you like something to eat?

Exercise Paraphrase using interrogative-negative sentences to convey the same idea.

1.16.
Example: I think you know Stella. — Don’t you know Stella?

\-985GA.0G5.y?G;<858<5I„
XC.0E776.-.}A8@y.5E-A.0„I„
K\60233-9<-83A.0;|<6I„
[\92<;A.03-0B82B<-/0=A/-<-2?58@2;38-AI„
l\38--;02-9<-.0;|.339<372>-„I„
^q2;9<w38-y.07B|2|2--2;-.-<G292;-.9.3w8-<7I„

15
 Unit 1 UNIVERSITY GRAMMAR. YEAR I

Zq2;9<w3A.09<@25E-;2<B-927<3-|..G<|.0-n<;;Aq.--2;I
„
\-322=3A.0B.5E-78G2.0;w;2325-I„
Y\-9.069-/-<182y<36.856-.>8583992;1.0;32w<w2;85<y22GI
„

 \-7..G3<38>-92|<|A1<5E-y<7GŠI„

NOTE:
More formal: He seems not to know it.
Less formal, more usual: He doesn’t seem to know it.
Negation is not used with hope: I hope it’s not late
to call him.

Exercise Make the sentences sound less formal if possible.

1.17.
/92322=35.--.3w2<Gu;2519I
X\-322=339283<505;278<|72w2;3.5I
K\-E3w;.|<|72-9<-y2y.5E-|27<-2I
[\9.w28-E35.-><;>;.=92;2I
l\|2782@2929<35E-6.--92521233<;A30=IHe
^\-<ww2<;38-E35.-><;>;.=92;2I
Zm92A322=5.--.|2;2<BA>.;-922z<=I
Exercise Ask four questions to each sentence.
1.18.
Example: Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon.
Was Shakespeare born in Stratford-upon-Avon?
Where was Shakespeare born?
Was Shakespeare born in Stratford-upon-Avon or in London?
Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, wasn’t he?

m92:;2<-u8;2.>o.5B.59<ww252B85^^^
Xm921987B;25<;2w7<A85698B2<5B322G5.8387A
K\y8771.=2-.o.5B.5|A-922<;7823--;<85
[{A=0=1..G392;6;<5B=<E33w218<7321;2-;218w2><8;A1<G23
lF.9B<51<53w2<G4567839:2;=<5<5Bu855839>7025-7A|0-921<5E-3w2<Gu;2519<-<77

Exercise Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about your first university experiences.
1.19
Student A: Read aloud the sentences and answer your partner’s specifying questions.
Student B: Ask for some additional information.

16
THE ENGLISH SENTENCE: ITS TYPES AND PARTS, TYPES OF QUESTIONS Unit 1
Example: Student A: I can tell you something.
Student B: What can you tell me about?
Student A: I can tell you about my first day at the University.

/.=2.52A.0G5.y3w.G2-.=285-929<77
X\=2-3.=2.5285-2;23-856
K\3<y3.=205030<7w2.w72<--92?58@2;38-A
[/.=2-98569<ww252BB0;856-92|;2<G
l\3<8B3.=2-9856>.;y9819=A4567839-2<192;w;<832B=2<7.-
^/.=2-9856=<B2=252;@.03
Z/.=2.52927w2B=2y925\1.07B5E->85B=A17<33;..=
\9<@23.=2-9856-.B.85-922@25856
Yt5/05B<A\E=6.856.0-y8-93.=2.52>;.==A6;.0w

 t9\E@2>.;6.--253.=2-9856\y<5-2B-.-277A.0

Exercise Make the questions shorter using WHAT and WHICH.

1.20.
Example: Is your house in Queen Street, or St. James’ Street, or High Street, or London Street,
or...? — What street is your house in?
Is it right, or left, or straight ahead to your house from here? — Which way is it to your
house from here?

r.A.0030<77A1<-19-92Zl.;-92ZKl|03-.-92?58@2;38-A„
Xr.A.078G2>..-|<77.;-25583.;|<3G2-|<77.;„
Kr.A.0;2<BB2-21-8@2|..G3.;17<33813.;7.@23-.;823„
[n<@2A.0|225-.u;<512.;\-<7A.;/w<85.;„
lr.23A.0;=.-92;.;><-92;.;<5A.-92;=2=|2;.>A.0;><=87A3w2<G4567839„
^r.A.0w7<A-92w8<5..;-92608-<;.;-92@8.785.;„
Zt9 A.0 3<A A.0E@2 1.=2 -. -92 ?58@2;38-A |A 1<; -.B<AŠ p<5 A.0 68@2 =2 < 78>-„
\3-926;225.;-92y98-2.;-92;2B1<;A.0;3„
b2E@2|22568@253.=24567839-2z-|..G3-.B<Ao..GB.23A.0;6;.0w032-983.52.;
-983.52.;-9<-.52B0;856A.0;45678397233.53„
Yb.y-92;2<;2-y.w;2--A68;73y<@856<-03\3-92;2B92<B.;-92|7.5B2A.0;68;7>;825B„

 r8BA.0;2<B<52y-2z-.;B8BA.09<@2<783-25856-<3G.;B8BA.03w2<G<|.0-A.0;327@23
.;B0;856A.0;45678397233.5-.B<A„

Exercise Imagine that your friend has just told you a funny story but you didn’t manage to
1.21. catch all the facts. Your task is to find out what is missing by asking alternative
questions.
Example: A boy came up to a ..................... (large / small) house.
Did the boy come up to a large or a small house?
a  D=<5 M y.=<5H G5.1G2B <- -92  DB..; M
y85B.yH.>98352869|.0;E39.032y92;292y<3<>;2x025-|0-5.-
<y271.=2@838-.;a32;@<5-68;7D.w252BM390-H-92B..;

17
Unit 1 UNIVERSITY GRAMMAR. YEAR I

<5B3<8B‰{<3-2;9<36.52.0-E‰t9y27752@2;=85B\E773w2<G-.
A.0;D=83-;233M9.3-233HE‰/929<36.52-.92;
DB;8@856 M B8@856H 7233.5 38;E ‰o..G 92;2Š \-E3 < ;<-92; 
D9.-M1.7BHB<A\EB78G2-.38-D|A-92>8;2M|A-92B..;H>.;
<y9872ŠE‰a938;-9<-E3.0-.>-92x023-8.5-92>8;29<36.52.0--..E

NOTE:
Which83032By925-92;283<78=8-2B50=|2;.>19.8123

Exercise Make up disjunctive questions.

1.22.
b29<@2B.52<77-92-<3G3855.-8=2„
Xo2-E3w7<A19233„
K{<;AB.235E-78G21<-3„
[C.0B8B5E->.;62--.17.32-92y85B.y|2>.;26.856.0-„
ln2032B-..62@2;A=.;5856„
^q<33=2-923<7-„
Z\E=x08-2<--;<1-8@2„
m92A9<@203-6.-=<;;82B„
Y/929<35E-6.-0wA2-„

 o2-92;927wA.0„
 n283?G;<858<5„
X C.0=03-322A.0;B.1-.;<-.512„
K m92Ay877|29<@856<B81-<-8.5.5b2B523B<A„
[ \E=5.-<3w;2--A<3{<B.55<83„
l q0w873030<77A9<@2-928;456783917<3323-y812<y22G„
^ b2y;8-21.=w.38-8.53-y812<=.5-9„
Z /9278G233y8==856„
 o2-E3|<G2<1<G2„
Y n29<35E->858392B;2<B856=.;5856w<w2;3A2-„
X
 q2-2;1<5E-B<512„

Exercise Read the text and write questions to the answers after it.
1.23. m92 3182512 -2<192; @2;A 3-;.567A |2782@2B 85 w;<1-81<7 y.;G <3
<=2<53.>-2<1985631825122>>21-8@27A<5B392y<5-2B92;w0w873E
w<;25-3-.3229.yy277-928;1987B;25y2;272<;5856|A92;=2-9.B3
/.392<;;<562B>.;<77-92w<;25-3-.1.=2<5B322-92;2307-3.>.52
.>-921987B;25E32zw2;8=25-3.5</<-0;B<A2@25856y925<77.>-92=
y2;2>;22
m921987B;259<B|2253-0BA856-926;.y-9.>w7<5-3<5B-92A9<B
w7<5-2B>.0;w.-3.>|2<53<>2yy22G3|2>.;2m92A9<Bw0-w..;3.87
85.52w.-<5B6..B3.8785-92.-92;-9;22w.-3-.322y98192>>21-
-983y.07B9<@2.5-926;.y-9.>|2<53858-m925-92A9<Bw0-.52
.>-92w.-385-92B<;G>.;32@2;<7B<A3<5B9<B68@25-92-98;Bw.-
5.y<-2;>.;-923<=27256-9.>-8=2

18
THE ENGLISH SENTENCE: ITS TYPES AND PARTS, TYPES OF QUESTIONS Unit 1
a--9225B.>-927233.5.5u;8B<A<>-2;5..5-92-2<192;w0-78--72
5.-8123.5-92>.0;w.-3‰m92|2<5385-983w.-y2;2w7<5-2B85w..;
3.87E‰m983w.-9<3|225G2w-85-92B<;G>.;>.0;B<A3E‰m9232|2<53
9<@29<B5.y<-2;>.;>.0;B<A3E‰m9232|2<539<@29<B6..B3.87
w725-A.>7869-<5B;2607<;y<-2;Em925-92-2<192;y25-9.=2
b925 392 <;;8@2B .5 /<-0;B<A 2@25856 9<7> <5 9.0; |2>.;2
-92w<;25-3y2;2B02-.1.=2392>.05B-9835.-2|238B2-92w.-3
We read your notes to the school servant and thought we would
help him, so we watered all the plants, changed the earth in the one
with poor soil, and left the light above the one that had been left in
the dark for four days. We hope that the plants will now grow better.
Your friends,
The Boy Scouts.

\5w;<1-81<7y.;G 
 a--9225B.>-927233.5.5u;8B<A<>-2;5..5
Xm92w0w873Ew<;25-3  t5/<-0;B<A2@25856
Kt5</<-0;B<A2@25856 X F238B2-92w.-3
[m926;.y-9.>w7<5-3 K b25-9.=2
lu.0;w.-3 [ m.-92319..732;@<5-
^m.322y98192>>21--983y.07B9<@2 l a77-92w7<5-3
Zq..; ^ \5-92.52y8-9w..;3.87
\5-92B<;G Z o2>--927869-
Yb<-2;  m92F.A/1.0-3

Exercise Translate into English.

1.24.
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Xf%!L#!'+ %„
,„ X d !'„
K" +( ‹%#„%
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[R# %&(&„ K R#(!dj!
l‹e!„ ,&!$(   %„
^‹$#!d„ [ Q&#d&'
_$Š („
ZŒ‡!R%&IJ%& l "(L#,''(%
„ „
%$%!# ^ " #'(„
YN#), Z "(#(',
d„ # !8# 

 '%,'  „
' „  "%(„

19