EEE 3309/311

Lecture 6: Chapter 3
Z Transform (Part I)
Contents

 Introduction: Z-transform definition and computation (3.1.1 & Examples 3.1.1, 3.1.2)

 Region of convergence from definition and examples

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Introduction to Z-transform

 This is similar to Laplace Transform for CT signals 𝑋 𝑠 = න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡

 Useful in system design and analysis −∞

 For DT systems, Z-transform helps in

 understanding frequency response, stability
 designing systems for various applications including noise and interference suppression
 For a given sequence x(n), it’s Z-transform is given by X(z) as
 Here z is a complex variable; z= Re(z)+j Im(Z)
 To compute X(z), the infinite summation has to yield finite values for X(z) as a
function of z in a given area in the z-plane
 This defines the region of convergence (ROC) in which X(z) provides finite values as a
function of z

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 Example 3.1.1

Solutions n=-2 to n=+3

𝑋 𝑧 = σ∞
𝑛=−∞ 𝛿 𝑛 − 3 𝑧
−𝑛 = 𝛿 0 𝑧 −3 = 𝑧 −3

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Example 3.1.2

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ROC for Example 3.1.2

 We see that X(z) provides finite values as long as |z|>1/2

1 2
 This means 𝑅𝑒(𝑧)2 + 𝐼𝑚(𝑧)2 > 2

1 2
 We know that 𝑅𝑒(𝑧) + 𝐼𝑚(𝑧) =
2 2
is the equation of a Im(z)
2
circle with center at the origin with radius r= ½
1 2
 Thus, |z|>1/2 or 𝑅𝑒(𝑧)2 + 𝐼𝑚(𝑧)2 > means that X(z) is
2
finite outside the circle in the z-plane having a center at the
r=1/2
origin with radius r= 1/2
Re(z)
ROC

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ZT of exponential signals

 For causal exponential signals we have

 X(z) as a rational function
 ROC: Outside the circle of radius 

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ZT of non-causal
exponential signals

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