\so/ Dt INTERNATIONAL Iso STANDARD 898-1 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs Caractéristiques mécaniques des éléments de fixation en acier au carbone et en acier allié — Partie 1: Vis et goujons SO f9RA — 2000) ——_ASIMEIS. Pst OM— 180 898-1:1999() Contents Page 3 Designation system 4 Materials 5 Mechanical and physical propestlies ....n. 6 Mechanical and physical propertiies to be determined... 7 1um ultimate tensile loads amd proof loads .. 8 Test methods... 8.1 Tensile test for machined test pieces. 8.2 Tensile test for full-size bolts, screws and studs.. 8.3 Torsional test...... 8.4 Hardness test. 8.6 Test for tensile strength under wredge loading of full-size bolts and screws (not studs). 8.7 impact test for machined test ptece: 8.8 Head soundness test for full-sitze bolts and screws with d < 10 mm and with lengths too short to permit wedge load testing . 1% 8.9 Decarburization test: evaluatiam of surface carbon condition. 8.10 Retempering test. 8.11 Surface discontinuity inspection .... 9 Marking 9.1 Manufacturer's identification masrking 9.2 Marking symbols for property aitass © 1801999 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specifiatlmo part ofthis publication may be reproduced or utized in any form or by any means, el ‘or mechanical, including photocopying and mésmim, without permission in wring trom the publisher.ih eso ISO 898-1:1999(E) 9.3 Identification .. 9.4 Marking of bolts and screws with left-hand thread, 9.5 Alternative marking .. 8.6 Marking of packages Annex A (informative) Lower yield stress or stress at 0,2 % nor tional ic = rea Hie:ISO 898-1:1999(E) eso Foreword 1SO (the International Organization far Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of pregaring Intemational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical ‘committees, Each member body inferested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that esmmittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part im the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical ‘Commission (IEC) on all matters of eectrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adoptiad by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting, Publication as an Intemational Stamard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 898-1 wees prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 2, Fasteners, Subcommittee SC 1, ‘Mechanical properties of fasteners. ‘This third edition cancels and replacms the second edition (ISO 898-1:1988) which has been technically revised. ISO 898 consists of the following pamtts, under the general title Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steet — Part 1: Bolts, screws and nuts — Part 2: Nuts with specitied proaitioad values — Coarse thread — Part §: Set screws and similar tmeaded fasteners not under tensile stresses — Part 6: Nuts with specified proaifload values — Fine pitch thread — Part 7: Torsional test and minimum torques for bolts and screws with nominal diameter from 1 mm to 10 mm Annex A of this part of ISO 898 is farinformation only.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 10 —180-€98-4-1996(8)— Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part Bolts, screws and studs 1 Scope This part of ISO 898 specifies the mechanical properties of bolts, screws and studs made of carbon steel and alloy steel when tested at an ambient temperature range of 10 °C to 35 °C. Products conforming to the requirements of this part of SO 898 are evaluated only in the ambient temperature range: ‘and may not retain the specified mechanical and physical properties at higher and lower temperatures. Attention is drawn to annex A which provides examples of lower yield stress and stress at 0,2 % non-proporticnal elongation at elevated temperatures. ‘At temperatures lower than the ambient temperature range, a significant change in the properties, particularly impact strength, may occur. When fasteners are to be used above or below the ambient temperature range it is the responsibil of the user to ensure that the mechanical and physical properties are suitable for his particular service ‘conditions. CCortain fasteners may not fff the tensile or torsional requirements of this part of ISO 898 because of the geometry of the head which reduces the shear area in the head as compared to the stress area in the thread such as countersunk, raised countersunk and cheese heads (see clause 6). This part of ISO 898 applies to bolts, screws and studs — with coarse pitch thread M1,6 to M39, and fine pitch thread M8 x 1 to M39 x 3; — with triangular ISO thread in accordance with ISO 68-1; — with diameter/pitch combinations in accordance with ISO 261 and ISO 262; — with thread tolerance in accordance with ISO 965-1 and ISO 965-2; —_ made of carbon steel or alloy steel. 't does not apply to set screws and similar threaded fasteners not under tensile stresses (see ISO 898-5). 'tdoes not specify requirements for such properties as — weldabilty; — comrosion-resistance; — ability to withstand temperatures above + 300 °C (+ 250 °C for 10.9) or below ~ 50 °C; — resistance to shear stress; — fatigue resistance.ISO 898-1:1999(E) eso 2 Normative references ‘The following standards contain prawiésions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis part of ISO ‘898. At the time of publication, the axdfifions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISI B98 are encouraged to investigate the possibilty of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated bailow. Members of IEC and SO maintain registers of currently valid International ‘Standards. ISO 68-1:1998, [SO general purposescrew threads — Basic profile - Part 1: Metric screw threads. ISO 83:1976, Steel — Charpy impacttitest (U-notch). ISO 261:1998, SO general purpose metric screw threads — General plan. 1SO 262:1998, ISO general purposermetric screw threads — Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nuts. 1SO 273:1979, Fasteners - Clearanee holes for bolts and screws. 10 724:1978, {SO general purpose metric screw threads ~ Basic dimensions. f 1SO 896-2:1992, Mechanical propenties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy stee!~ Part 2: Nuts with ‘specified proof load values — Coarse ithread. ISO 898-5:1998, Mechanical propentias of fasteners made of carbon stee! and alloy steel - Part 5: Set screws and similar threaded fasteners not underitensile stresses. ISO 898-7:1992, Mechanical propemies of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 7: Torsional test and minimum torques for bolts and ssxmews with nominal diameters 1 mm to 10 mm. ISO 965-1:1998, ISO general purpose metric screw threads ~ Tolerances — Part 1: Principles and basic data. 1SO 965-2:1998, ISO general purpmse metric screw threads ~ Tolerances — Part 2: Limits of sizes for general purpose external and internal screw ttmeads — Medium quality. ISO 6157-1:1988, Fasteners ~ Surfawe discontinuities ~ Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs for general requirements. ISO 6157-3:1988, Fasteners ~ Surfaae discontinuities — Part 3: Bolts, screws and studs for special requirements. ISO 6506:1981, Metallic materials — fifarcness test ~ Brinell test. ISO 6507-1:1997, Metallic material —#Hardness test ~ Vickers test ~ Part 1: Test method. ISO 6508:1986, Metallic materials — tardiness test - Rockwell test (scales A - BC - D-E-F -G-H-K). ISO 6892:1998, Metalic materials — Tensile testing at ambient temperature. 3 Designation system ‘The designation system for property «lasses of bolts, screws and studs is shown in table 1. The abscissae show the ominal tensile strength values, Rj, immewtons per square millimetre, while the ordinates show those of the minimum ‘elongation after fracture, Amiq, 25 a pempentage. The property class symbol consists etwo figures: — the first figure indicates 1/100 @ the nominal tensile strength in newtons per square millimetre (see 5.1 in table 3); ==..the second fig indicates 4@ mes the ratio between lower yield ‘prop odionel sia) v (Qh, SWes8uat-O.2 % nan- ms BA ea se oye1s0 ISO 898-1:1999(E) ‘The multiplication of these two figures will give 1/10 of the yield stress in newtons per square millimetre. The minimum lower yield stress Rg min, (OF minimum stress at 0,2 % non-proportional elongation Rpo.2 min) and minimum tensile strength Rr, min ate equal to oF greater than the nominal values (see table 3). 4 Materials Table 2 specifies steels and tempering temperatures for the different property classes of bolts, screws and studs. ‘The chemical composition shall be assessed in accordance with the relevant ISO standards. 5 Mechanical and physical properties When tested by the methods described in clause 8, the bolts, screws and studs shall, at ambient temperature, have the mechanical and physical properties set out in table 3.eso Table 1 — System of coordinates Vx de sakes rolevmah x0) [Te code 6] | 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 Nominal tensile strength Brn, nom Minimum elongation after fracture, Amin percent Relationship between yield stress and tensile strength ‘Second figure of symbol 6 8 9 60 20 90 Lower yield stress Rau” e409 94 Nominal tensile strength im, nom or Stress at 0,2 % non-proportionailetongation paz” 100% Nominal tensile sirengiin Rin, nom NOTE Although a great number ettproperty classes are specified in this part of ISO 898, this does not mean that all classes are appropriate for all terms. Further guidance for application of the specific property classes is given in the relevant product standards. For nasvatandard items, itis advisable to follow as closely as possible the choice already ‘made for similar standard items. Applies only to thread diameter a< 16 mm, Nominal values according to tatate 3 apply.eso 180 898-1:1999(E) cares : Table 2— Steels Property Material and treatment ] Chemical composition limits Tempering class (check analysis) % (mm) temperature c pe |s|ee “c min. | max] max.[ max | max.] min. : Carbon steel = | 020 | 0.05 | 0.06 [0,003 = — | 058 | 0,05 | 0.06 [0,003 = 4g 56 _ 0.13 | 0.55 | 0,05 | 0,06 = 58> = | 055 | 0.05 | 0,06 | 0,003 6? 88° | Carbon steel with additives (e.g. 8, Mn orGr) |,158| 0,40 [0,035] 0,035] 0,003] as quenched and tempered C Carbon steel quenched and tempered 0.25 | 0155 |0,035| 0,035 a8 Carbon steel with additives (e.g. B, Mn or Cr) |0,154] 0,35 | 0,035] 0,035] 0,008] 425 quenched and tempered Carbon steel quenched and tempered 0,25 | 0,55 [0,035] 0,085 49.9°' | Carbon steel with addiives (e.g. B, Mn or C) [0,158] 0,35 0,005] 0,038] 0,00} a0 ‘quenched and tempered 10.9! Carbon steel quenched and tempered 025 | 05 [0,035] 0,035] 0,003] 425 Carbon steel with additives (e.g. B,Mn or Gr) [0,204] 0,55 | 0,035] 0,035 quenched and tempered Alloy steel quenched and tempered 9 0,20 | 0,55 [0,035] 0,035) 129th Alloy steel quenched and tempered @ 0.28 [0,50 |0,035]0,035]0,003] a0 i Boron content can reach 0,005 % provided that non-effective boron is controlled by addition of tlanium and/or aluminium, ® Free cutting stee! is allowed for these property classes with the following maximum sulfur, phosphorus and load Contents: sulfur 0,34 %; phosphorus 0,11 %; lead 0,35 %, « for nominal diameters above 20 mm the steels specified for property classe 10.9 may be necessary in order to achieve (| sufficient hardenabily, {in case of plain carton boron steel with a carbon content below 0,25 % (ladle analysis), the minimum manganese Content shall be 0,6 % for property class 8.8 and 0,7 % for 9.8, 10.9 and 10.9. Products shall be additionally identiied by underining the symbol ofthe property class (see clause 9). All properties of 10.9 as speciiied in table 3 shall be met by 10.9, however, its lower tempering temperature gives it different stress relaxation Characteristics at elevated temperatures (see annex A). | For the materials ofthese property classes, itis intended that there should be a suffcient hardenabiltyto ensure a stucture Consisting of approximately 90 % martensite in the core ofthe threaded sections for the fasteners in the "as-hardened" contion before tempering, & This allo stee! shall contain at least one of the following elements in the minimum quantity given: chromium 0,20 %, nickel 0,30 %, molybdenum 0,20 %, vanadium 0,10 %. Where elements are specified in combinations of two, three or four ard have alloy contents less than those given above, the limit value to be applied for class determination is 70 % of the sum of the individual imit values shown above for the two, three or four elements concemed. h A metallograptically detectable white phosphorous enriched layer is not permitied for property class 12.9 on surtaces ‘subjected to tensile stress, ‘ “The chemical composition and tempering temperature are under investigation,1SO 898-1:1999(E) o1so Table 3 — Mechanical and physical properties of bolts, screws and studs Frese case suocmuse | wecrancstonasmricaiowomw | as | as | as | se | so | oo - - ns amor sgt | oe 51 | nomnane reat fa ram ten? | 30 0 0 | oo | om | ow | rom | i200 52 |smmnunnwan tana’ mem? [ae | «co [oo | so [ao | oo | om | oo | om | roo | iz 33 Vaartocenv am | | mo poo | ws fio | wo | mo | ae | mo [om | a = 7] wo | mo | as] = | am | ae ua Bearnoeen He mm pe lm pe [ow fe | | ee] oe am | oe | me tat = a we | se] aa | an | ae = ele | «[» [ole le | - | — =) + ss Post nacran HR ee 8 ee Mes fairest tener oe = -[ 2 |= [s*l»l« ts Sonera OS mee = 7 a ae =| =|] =]=[epe,-]-]-][-T= Th? an [we] 20 | 0 | ow | eo | wo | =] ==] 7 a or = = ee erat fag Nan? = = [ee |e | 8 Yo = aaa | 2] om] on] om] om] ame] oni | oar] om] nf ons Sees wo 5, Naa wm] = | s| = | mo] |] sm | om | m | = | ao ae i; = Sesome7 S| Peawoginmtmaea an [= [= [- .=]-]-] =] = [els] s 3 ‘regh oar woape ang |The vabes sists antes Hs a ane mo aa aceon hye = = === Ts Eis | wemmon ingens epenomae 7 sie Sete rey Tnascocuce an BO a7 90ST eee 7 Foros of ropery cms 88 Gare = mem, ees an cua ek oa gig ne cate naGerart ovr tgrenrg nding 2am ee woo lon, ference 9000025 ecard > sephe eytormin tread arte J em © rsh bling eis 2 seimum ansie propre ey 0 pass of mami eng > 25.4. Mein harsess apo race eg /< 2.5 ae ter ross ich cat be ei ete eg into ead iain. © wen tein size bts, srs ae! es, etme os hich ar ake can oy sl ete aus Gen los re 8 raves aig ten te onl tts, ommmand sisal be 250 HY, 7008098. HR masa 5 suface hares dl ob mae a 30 Vamos bow esr cre hares on pad when cng oft sca ac oe a cad ua HY 03. Fer roory das 109, ay merase harass enmetae wich dts al Sac Paes xcs 2011 anc eceae 5 ncates wee te ome secs coat deme pee o mesos Sess 0.2 1 cerernaon Sogstin a Fo he propery asses 44,58ard 6a the vas br hy ae goon clauman purposes oy ey aero values. 4 The yo svc ao accong te deserumnat tne papery cls an he minima es 0.2% nn-ecponal nga yg 0) 0 mace et pacino, ‘These vlies receive tom et i ec antes lary Seca ol ocaeang ma andi les,e1sO ISO 898-1:1999(E) 6 Mechanical and physical properties to be determined ‘Two test programmes, A and B, for mechanical and physical properties of bolts, screws and studs, using the methods described in clause 8, are set out in table 5. Regardless of the choice of test programme, all requirements of table 3 shall be met. The application of programme B is always desirable, but is mandatory for products with ultimate tensile loads less than 500 KN if the application of programme A is not explicitly agreed. Programme A is suitable for machined test pieces and for bolts with a shank area less than the stress area, Table 4— test programmes (see table 5) Bolts and screws with thread diameter | Bolts and screws with thread diameter d<3mm d>3mm orlength 1 < 2,5 d# and length 1> 2,54 Test decisive ° for acceptance Also bolts and screws with special head or shank configurations which are weaker than the threaded section.180 898-1:1999(E) ©1so Table 5 —Test programmes A and B for acceptance purposes {These pragedures apply to mechanical but not chemical properties) — Test progremme A Test programme B vat Testmahod | Proporycase | Testmated | Propry class pe as.48 26.45] 08,08 se 4856] 109 be sase| 129 1 [se a Tasers | @ |e zs aa | areca? | 0 ] faa | Haass OY = a oa a ‘Maximum hardness e e e e o|o oto ‘5.6 | Maximum surface hardness: Ld e 9 ° 1 [57 | wiumiowarye ares a1 | Tarsiower | Feria ® 5a] Swessetoa%enan 8+] —Tersoiea = pron aerate, tas 50 | Breas ae poston as] Peoteaaiest | yg a7 33 | resraat® wai Tena an a Tele aie ai | Yoo in 5 313) Stara nae wea 3 | Weigotonng i loading! tost® . IV [5.14] Minimum impact strength, ana] 8.7 Impact test 9 e e —— a | Henisannes | OO toa | V_ [538] wasn docatacad P08 | Docatutzaton | octuzton . ‘one ‘ct at " 3:7] nse ater avo] “Raorpaira eat 30) Retsroaing ea oa ‘sonpung ° ° S18] Secoineony fats] Sufacoaariaaty| @ | © ani] Satecoasananay | @] © mcr l eo 1s rece | 9 | o Toe wi boy on is, Fe eta ast » Minimum hardness applies only to products eifmeminal length ! < 2,5 and cther products which cannot be tensile tested or torsional tested (8g. due to head apa nes mayb Vee, ir os en he er rn ee pen + pa gtihicremnentegiines totems coat wae p ‘Special head bolts and scraws win configuamemsmhich are weaker than the threaded section are axchded trom wedge tensile testing requirements, Pe tn oat cies envied twee Paoens "ony oropery cass 58 - - : aaa atte anaesa» e1SO 7 Mi See tables 6, 7, 8 and 9. imum ultimate tensile loads and proof loads Table 6 — Minimum ultimate tensile loads — ISO metric coarse pitch thread ‘na Thread] stress. Property class a @ As, nom mm? = ae | te [co] oe | oe | oe | an | on | sna | vee a ee ep ws | 70 | 220] 270| 200| s20| 3:0] s| saco| exo] sece| coe wi | a7 | as asio| seo| eso| ssr0| ser| ree0| roo| vice] ieee ws] 42] To calculate A, see 8.2. © _Forstuctual bolting 70 000 N, 85 500 N and 130 000 N, respectively. |IsO.goa-t-199q6) __, Table 7 — Proof loads ~ ISO metric coarse pitch thread eso meen [pes o | =, pooatoat ae Mail lat eral cdkes|htema|.ctool ‘took sberl shell Sectl ten | sce see Sa eceevs tiger rte eeon xprar|cane “Sesol seat dal eel sae ig esaass Sumer leees cece art real PSE STEGIT Toss aE paiifisesiea|esetratl sal seul tol sant sibel deel) wre ence M7 28,9 5200| GsmO| 8960] 8090/ 11000/ 12700} 16800| 18800} 24000} 28000]! sal ipsehenl wataet Taal Sian Tea lnes eta esl ote aoe aide pues eal ede eoeas tte) ioc RRSPROEP ae oe |" Pe ile cocteal rl ssesolms sao} vaparsseler at beds sce a |e raglan ae ose oes SeRT oe lege spe | sew teste se err | see ioe noel caipel roe miee| ce amen |e Mel iel| eev lees msaharsiattaaneele. |ameb ema | sao: ne | ain] cass] set | eer] ses ise] ess = case fea espe eee toe onal easetiee| at | oer eect Ap ered ies eens eae nal sie live Cool ct | aoen|ece Se efter pean [pave aes aupel aac | are eee Gea bent | samme staes oc letra etre tee | et oe Fe era re bette td a rd be ea Pepe si eaglaney [eon ahommet ameartuanarl ia mine acta | cont ase Gael lion | costs leiaseiacisleatiy otaalieate Foceeel""_| Stes) ect 2 Where no thread pitch is indicated in @ fmand designation, coarse pitch is specified. This is given in 1SO 261 and ISO 262, . D Tocalculate A, see 8.2. Set ol ho St eale1so Table 8 — Minimum ultimate tensile loads ~ 1S0 metri 1SO B98- ine pitch thread 999(E) Thread | Nominal stress canes | rea Property class mm? adatpecd [ad [tne isd Pied [ad Weg.) oh. |. 14 Minimum ultimate tensile 108d (4, som % Rm minh N maxi] 29.2 | 12900] 18700] 16500] 19600] 20400] 23500] 31360] a5a00] a0e00] AF 60 mtoxt_ | 64,5 | 21300 | 25.800 | 27 100] 32300 | 33.500 | a8 700 | 51 600| 58100} 67 100} 78 700 Mi0x1,25| 61,2 | 20200 | 24.600 | 25 700| 20 600 | 31.800 36700 | 49.000 55100] 63.600} 74 700 wi2x1,25] 92,1 | 60400 | 36.600 | 38700 | 46 100 | 47 800 | 86 300 | 73700 | a2 900 | 85 600 | “i12400 mtaxt5| 88,1 | 29100] 35200 | 37.000] 44100 | 45 800| 52.900} 70.500 | 79200} 91600] 107 s00 misxis | 125 _| 41200 | 50000 | 52500 | 62.500 | 65.000 | 75.000 |100.000 |112.000 | 130.000 | 152.000 wisxis | 167 | 55100] 68800 70 100 | «3 500 | 6 800 |100 000 |134 000 [150 000 | 174 000 | 208 000 miexts| 216 | 71.300 86 400 | 90.700 |108 000 {112.000 |130 000 {179.000} — | 225 000} 264.000 20x15 | 272 _ | 29 800 |109 000 |114 000 |136 000 |141 000 |163 000 [226.000 — | 283.000} 332.000 22x15 | 288 [110.000 | 138 000 [140.000 [166 000 | 173 000 [e200 o00 276 000 | ~— | ~sae-000 | a0 000 masx2 | 384 {127.000 |154 000 |161 000 |192 000 200 000 {220 000 {19.000} — | 390.000 | 469.000 Ma7x2 | 496 _|164 000 |198 000 {208 o00 [248 000 |258 000 {98 090 |412.000| — | s16000| 605.000 waox2 | 621 [205.000 [248 000 |261 000 J10 000 [22a 000 [373 000 [518 000} ~— | 646 000 | 78 000 masx2_| 761 {251 000 |a04 000 |320 000 [360 000 {96 000 |4s7 000 |e32 000} — | 761 000 28 000 maexa_| 65 _ {205,000 [246 000 |263 000 |432 000 |450 000 [519 000 [718.000 | _— | 900.000 | 1 055.000 1usexa_| 11030 [340 000 [412 000 [89 000 [515 000 |596 000 [eta 000 [ass 000 | — ~]1 670 000 | 260 000 @ Pls the pitch ofthe thread, > To calculate A, see 8.2.ISO 898-1:1999(E) ‘Table — Proof loads ~ !SO metric fine pitch thread e1so ‘Thread | Nominal stress axrs) | aren Property class mm? : as | a6 [ a8 | ss | 58 | 68 | a8 | o8 | 109 129 Proot load (A,, nam % 53): N Maxt 392 | 7060] ema] 12200] 11000] 14900] 17200] 22700] 25500] 32500] 38000 mioxt | 64,5 | 11.600] 14:90] 20000] 18 100| 24500 | 28.400 | 37.400] 41900] 53800] 62700 m10x1,25] 61,2 | 11.000| 1380 | 19000 | 17 100 | 23.300 | 26900 | 35500 | 39800] 50800| 59.400 mi2x1,25| 92,1 | 16600] 2070 | 28 600 | 25 600 | 35000] 40500] 53.400 | 59900] 76400] 89.500 mi2x1s | 98,1 | 15900] 19@m0 | 27.300] 24700 | 33.500 | 38.800 | 51 100] 57300] 73100] 85500 mi4x15 | 125 | 22500 | 28 mao | 38 800 | 95 000 | 47500 | 55.000 | 72.500 | 81 200| 104000 121 000 misx15| 167 | 90100] 37@@0 | 51.800 | 46.800 | 63.500 | 73 500 | 96800 |109 000 | 139000 | 162.000 m1sx1,5 | 216 | 38900 | 480 | 67.000 | 60.500 82100 95.000 |130000] — | 179000] 210000 m2ox1,5 | 272 _| 49000 | 61 m0 | 84.300 | 76 200 |103 000 |120.000 |163000| — | 226000| 264000 m22x1,5 | 333 | 59.900 | 74:0 [103 000 | 93 200 |126 000 |146 000 J200000 | — | 276000 | 323 000 m2ax2 | 384 | 69 100 | 86mm |119 000 |108 000 |146 000 |169 000 |230000| — | 319000] 372000 m27x2_| 496 | 99.300 |112 amo |154.000 |139 000 |188 000 |218.000 |298000| — | 412000 481 000 ma0x2 | 621 _|112.000 |140@m0 |192 000 |174 000 [286 000 [273 000 |s73000| — | 815000] 602000 Masx2 | 761/137 000 |171 am [236 000 |213 000 |289 000 |s35 000 |467000| — | 632000] 738.000 ma6x3_| 965 {156.000 |195 ao |268 000 |242 000 |329.000 {381.000 |518000| — | 718000 | #39000 39x3_| 1.030 _ [185 000 [2s2 ao [319 000 [288 000 [301 000 |453 000 [s18.000| — | 855000] 999000 ® Pls the pitch of he thread. > To calculate 4, 00 8.2. 8 8.1 Tensile test for machined test pieces Test methods The following properties shall be checked on machined test pieces by tensile tests in accordance with ISO 6892. a) » ) qd tensile strength, f lower yield stress, Re. or stress zt 0,2 % non-proportional elongation, Roo 2: percentage elongation atter fracture: Lu= Lo A= BE ef Lo 100% percentage reduction of area alter fracture:e180 ISO 898-1:1999(E) ‘The machined test piece shown in figure 1 shall be used for the tensile test. If it is not possible to determine the elongation after fracture due to the length of the bolt, the reduction of area after fracture shall be measured providing that Lis at least 3d When machining the test piece, the reduction of the shank diameter of the heat-treated bolts and screws with d> 16 mm shall not exceed 25 % of the original diameter (about 44 % of the initial cross-sectional area) of the test piece. Products in property classes 4.8, 5.8 and 6.8 (cold work-hardened products) shall be tensile tested full-size (see 8.2). be 5 = = * z Ly Key d=nominal diameter 1, = length of straight portion (L, + dq) dg= diameter of test piece (d, < minor diameter of thread) 1 = total length of test piece (L, + 2r +b) b= threaded length (b > d) Ly= final gauge length (see ISO 6892:1998) Ig= 5dr (5,65,/5, ): original gauge length 5, = cross-sectional area before tensile test for determination of elongation Sy= cross-sectional area after fracture L,> 3 dg: original gauge length let radius (r=4 mm) for determination of reduction of area Figure 1 — Machined test piece for tensile testing 8.2 Tensile test for full-size bolts, screws and studs The tensile test shall be carried out on full-size bolts in conformity with the tensile test on machined test pieces {ee 8.1). Itis carried out for the purpose of determining the tensile strength. The calculation of the tensile strength, Rry is based on the nominal stress area Ag, nom: rm = ae esnam = % (425 where dz is the basic pitch diameter of the thread (see ISO 724): d,_ is the minor diameter of the thread H da= di in which dy is the basic minor diameter (see ISO 724); ight of the fund:ISO 898-1:1999(E) etso When carrying out the test, a minimum free(threaded length equal to of diameter (1d) shall be subjected to the tensile load. In order to meet the remuirements ofthis test, the fracture shall occur in the shank or the free threaded length of the bolt and not at the jursction of the head and the shank The speed of testing, as deteminex with a free-running cross-head, shall not exceed 25 mm/min. The grips of the testing machine should be self-aligniimg to avoid side thrust on the test piece. 8.3 Torsional test For the torsional test see ISO 898-7. The test applies to bolts and screws with nominal thread diameters d < 3mm as well as to short bolts and screws with nominal thread diameters 3 man< d < 10 mm which cannot be subjected to a tensile test. 8.4 Hardness test For routine inspection, hardness affitolts, screws and studs may be determined on the head, end or shank after removal of any plating or other coating and after suitable preparation of the test piece. For all property classes, if the maximum hardness is exceeded, a retest shall be conducted at the mid-radius Position, one diameter back from theeend, at which position the maximum hardness specified shall not be exceeded. In case of doubt, the Vickers hardnesas test is decisive for acceptance. Hardness readings for the surface marines shall be taken on the ends or hexagon flats, which shall be prepared by minimal grinding or polishing to ensmure reproducible readings and maintain the original properties of the surface layer of the material. The Vickers tesit HV 0,3 shall be the referee test for surface hardness testing ‘Surface hardness readings taken ait HV 0,3 shall be compared with a similar core hardness reading at HV 0,3 in ‘order to make a realistic comparisam and determine the relative increase which is permissible up to 30 Vickers points. An increase of more than 30 Wickers points indicates carburization. For property classes 8.8 to 12.9 tthe difference between core hardness and surface hardness is decisive for judgeing of the carburization conditiam in the surface layer of the bolts, screws or studs. There may not be a direct relatiorsship between hardness and theoretical tensile strength. Maximum hardness values have been selected for reamons other than theoretical maximum strength consideration (e.g. to avoid embrittlement). NOTE Careful differentiation shoukle made between an increase in hardness caused by carburization and that due to heat-treatment or cold working of the suuflace, 8.4.1 Vickers hardness test The Vickers hardness test shall be cammied out in accordance with ISO 6507-1 8.4.2 Brinell hardness test The Brinell hardness test shail be camfied out in accordance with ISO 6506. 8.4.3 Rockwell hardness test The Rockwell hardness test shall be ezarried out in accordance with ISO 6508. 8.5 Proof load test for full-size tsolts and screws The proof load test consists of two main operations, as follows: 8) application of a specified tensile yamot load (see figure 2); b) measurement of permanent extemsion, if any, caused by the proof load.eso ISO 898-1:1999(E) _ ‘The proof load, as given in tables 7 and 9, shail be applied axially to the bolt in a tensile testing machine. The full proof load shall be held for 15 s. The length of free thread subjected to the load shall be one diameter (1). For screws threaded to the head, the length of free thread subjected to the load shall be as close as practical to one diameter (1d). For measurement of permanent extension, the bolt or screw shall be suitably prepared at each end, see figure 2. Before and after the application of the proof load, the bolt or screw shall be placed in a bench-mounted measuring instrument fitted with spherical anvils. Gloves or tongs shall be used to minimize measurement error. To meet the requirements of the proof load test, the length of the bolt, sorew or stud after loading shalll be the same as before loading within a tolerance of + 12,5 um.allowed for measurement error. ‘The speed of testing, as determined with a free-running cross-head, shall not exceed 3 mm/min. The grips of the testing machine should be sel-aligning to avoid side thrust on the test piece. ‘Some variables, such as straightness and thread alignment (plus measurement error), may result in apparent elongation of the fasteners when the proot load is initially applied. In such cases, the fasteners may be retested using a 3.% greater load, and may be considered satisfactory if the length after this loading is the same as before (this loading (within the 12,5 um tolerance for measurement error). Load LA Full-size screw mate Y) Load Full-size bolt Required “sphere to cone" contact between the ‘measuring points and the centre-drilled holes in the end Of the bolt or screw. dy according to ISO 273, medium series (see table 10). Figure 2 — Application of proof load to full-size bolts and screws lee a ‘ . : ‘ISO 898-1:1999(E) elso 8.6 Test for tensile strength ander wedge loading of full-size bolts and screws (not studs) ‘The wedge loading test shall not aygply to countersunk head screws. The test for strength under wedge iteading shall be carried out in tensile testing equipment described in ISO 6802 using a wedge as illustrated in figume 3. The minimum distance from the taaad run-out of the bolt to the contact surface of the nut ofthe fastening device shall be d. A hardened wedge in amordance with tables 10 and 11 shall be placed under the head of the bolt or screw. A tensile test shall be continued until fracture occurs. To meet the requirements of this tas, the fracture shall occur in the shank or the free threaded length ofthe bolt, and not between the head and thee shank. The bolt or screw shall meet the requirements for minimum tensile strength, either during wedge tensile testing or in a supplementary tensile test without a wedge, according to the values given for the relevant propesty class before fracture occurs. ‘Screws threaded to the head shall gaass the requirement of this test if a fracture which causes failure originates in the free length of thread, even if it mas extended or spread into the fillet area or the head before separation, For product grade C, a radius r, shauld be used according to the formula y= Tmax + 0.2 in which da max where ris the radius of curvature umier hea dis the transition diameter; , is the diameter of unthreadax# shank. (a/2inin. dy according to ISO 273, medium sexes (see table 10). © Hardness: 45 HAC min. © Radius or chamfer of 45 Figgmre 2 — Wedge loading of full-size boltsIso Table 10 — Hole diameters for wedge loading tensile test Dimensions in millimetres Nominal thread ae 5 Nominal thread do 5 diameter d diameter ¢ 3 34 o7 16 175 413 35. 39 o7 18 20 iB 4 45 07 20 22 13 5 55 07 22 24 16 6 66 O7 24 26 16 z 76 08 27 30 16 |e 9 os 30 33 16 10 1 os 33 36 16 li 12 13.5 08 36 39 16 4 155 13 39 42 1.6 For square neck bolts, the hole shall be adapted to admit the square neck. Table 11 — Wedge dimensions [Nominal diameter Property classes for. of bolt and screw a bolts with plain shank length screws threaded to the head and bolts =2d with plain shank length |, < 2.4 36, 4.6,4.8, 5.6 68, 12.9 36, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6 68,129 5.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9 58,88, 9.8, 10.9 mm a £0°30) d=20 10° e e « 7 20 1,25 mm, The Vickers hardness measuremestis are made at the three points shown on figure 6. Values for E are given in( table 13. The load shall be 300 g. The hardness determination for pointt’3 shall be made on the pitch line of the thread adjacent to the thread on which determinations at points 1 and 2 arewnade. The Vickers hardness value at point 2 (HV) shall be equal to or greater than that at point 1 (HV,) minus 30 Vickers units. In this case the height of the mma-decarburized zone £ shall be at least as specified in table 13, The Vickers hardness value at poi 3 (HV) shall be equal to or less than that at point 1 (HV) plus 30 Vickers units, Complete decarburization up to the maximum specified in table 3 cannot be detected by the hardness measurement method. Dimensions in milimetres 0.16 HV, > HV,~ 30 HV, = HV,+30 Key 1,2,3, Measurement points 4 Pitch tine Rlgure.6 —#iardness measurement for dec:eso ISO 898-1:1999() Table 13 — Values for H, and £ Pitch of thethread mm | 05 | 08 | 07 | oa] 1 | 125] 45 | 175] 2 | as] 3 [as] 4 mm [0,307 [0,368 [0,429 |o,491 Jo.613 [0,767 |o.s20 |1,074 [1,227 [1,536 [1,40 [2,147 [o,ase 88,98 [0.154 |o.184 fo,215 fo,245 [0,907 |o,s84 0,460 [0.597 |o.et4 [0,767 Jo,920 [1,074 [1,207 Property b, 10.9 | Eqig®mm [0,205 class = 129 (0.230 |o,276 0,922 0,268 |o.460 fo.575 [0,690 [0,806 Jo.20 |1,151 |1.aa0 [1,610 [1,041 lo.286 |o,s27 Jo.4o9 Jo.st1 Jo.61s Jo,.716 |o,ats |1,023 |1,227 |1.431 |1,696 ® For P< 1 mm, microscopic method only. Cleuated on the basis ofthe specification in 5.16, see tabla 3, 8.10 Retempering test ‘The mean of three core hardness readings on a bolt or screw, tested before and after retemnpering, shall not differ by more than 20 HV when retempered at a part temperature 10°C less than the specified minimum tempering temperature and held for 30 min. 8.11 Surface discontinuity inspection For the surface inspection, see ISO 6157-1 or ISO 6157-3 as appropriate. In the case of test programme A the surface discontinuity inspection is applied to test bolts before machining, 9 Marking Mechanical fasteners manufactured to the requirements of this International Standard shall be marked in accordance with the provisions of 9.1 to 9.5. Only if all requirements in this part of [SO 898 are met, shall parts be marked andlor described according to the designation system described in clause 3. Unless otherwise specified in the product standard, the height of embossed markings on the top of the head shall not be included in the head height dimensions. Marking of slotted and cross recessed screws is not usual. 9.1 Manufacturer's identification marking ‘A manufacturers identification mark shall be included during the manufacturing process, on all products which are marked with property classes. Manufacturer's identification marking is also recommended on products which are not marked with property class. For the purposes of this part of ISO 898 a distributor marking fasteners with his unique identification mark shall be considered a manufacturer. 9.2 Marking symbols for property class ‘Marking symbols are shown in table 14.1SO 898-1:1999(E) eso Table 14 — Marking symbols Property class [as [4s] 48] 56| 58] 68] 8] 98]109) 108] 20 Marking symbol © [ss 46 | 4e|s56 | 58 [68] aa | 98 | 109 |10.95| 129 The full-stop in the marking symbsatamay be omitted. When low carbon martensitic stostisare used for property class 10.9 (see table 2 In the case of small screws or whem tthe shape of the head does not allow the marking as given in table 14 the clock face marking symbols as given in taille 15 may be used, Table 15 —Clock-face system for marking bolts and screws 3.6 46 48 56 5.8 T * > : Property class 10.9 129 6a The twelve o'clock position (reference: amar) shall be marked either by the manufacturers Kleniification mark or by a point The property class is marked by a dastar a double dash and in the case of 12.9 by a point — 9.3 Identification 9.3.1 Hexagon and hexalobular heal bolts and screws Hexagon and hexalobular head baltts and screws (including products with flange) shall be marked with the manufacturer's identification mark ankdlwsth the marking symbol of the property class given in table 14, The marking is obligatory for all property classes, preferably on the top of the head by indenting or embossing or on the side of the head by indenting (seefigure 7). In the case of bolts or screws with flange, marking shall be on the flange where the manufacturing process does not allow marking on the top of the head. Marking is required for hexagon and twexalobular head bolts and screws with nominal diameters d = 8 mm.p2 Sea ISO agg-1-1999/F) _ Manufacturer's identitication mark - Property class Figure 7 — Examples of marking on hexagon and hexalobular head bolts and screws 9.3.2 Hexagon and hexalobular socket head cap screws Hexagon and hexalobular socket head cap screws shall be marked with the manufacturer's identification mark and (with the marking symbol of the property class given in table 14. The marking is obligatory for property classes 8.8 and higher, preferably on the side of the head by indenting or on the top of the head by indenting or embossing (see figure 8). Marking is required for hexagon and hexalobular socket head cap screws with nominal diameters d > 5 mm. 129 Figure 8 — Examples of marking on hexagon socket head cap screws (9.3.3 Cup head square neck bolts Cup head square neck bolts with property classes 8.8 and higher shall be marked with the manufacturers identitication mark and with the marking symbol of the property class as given in table 14. The marking is mandatory for bolts with nominal diameters d= 5mm. It shall be on the head by indenting or embossing (see Figure 9) Figure 9 — Example of marking cup head square neck bolts1SO 898-1:1999(E) e1so 9.3.4 Studs Studs with nominal thread diameters d = § mm, of property class 5.6 and property classes 8.8 and higher shall be arked by indenting with the marking symbol of the property class as given in table 14 and the manufactrers identification mark on the unthreadesd part of the stud (see Figure 10). marking on the unthreaded past is not possible, marking of property class only on the nut end of the stud is allowed, see figure 10. For studs with interference fit, the marking shall be at the nut end with manuiacnrors identification marking only if itis posable. Figure 10 — Marking of studs The symbols in table 16 are permissiiiile as an alternative identification of property classes. Table 16 — Alternative marking symbols for studs Properyches [56 [00 | sa | wo [a3] wero} — | O | + | O | A | 9.3.5 Other types of bolts and screws {1 agreed between the interested pasties, the same marking systems as described in the previous paragraphs of Clause 9 shall be used for other types.al bolts and screws and for special products 9.4 Marking of bolts and screves with left-hand thread Polls and screws with a left-hand thremd shall be marked with the symbol shown in figure 11, either on the top ofthe head or on the point. Marking is required for bolts and screwss with nominal thread diameters d > § mm.eso 1SO 898-1:1999(E) ‘Alternative marking for left-hand thread as shown in figure 12 may be used for hexagon bolts and screws. Key 5 isthe width across flats Is the height of the head Figure 12 — Alternative left-hand thread marking 9.5 Alternative marking Alternative or optional permitted marking as stated in 9.2 to 9.4 should be left to the choice of the manufacturer. 9.6 Marking of packages Marking with manufacturer's identification and property class is mandatory on all packages for all sizes.ISO 898-1:1999(E) e1so Annex A (informative) Lower yield stress @r stress at 0,2 % non-proportional elongation at elevated temperature The mechanical properties of bolts, screws and studs will vary in a variety of ways with increasing temperature. Table A.1, which is for guidance ently, s an approximate representation of the reduction in lower yield Stress oy 0,2 % non-proportional elongation: avtich may be experienced at a variety of elevated temperatures. These data shall not be used as a test requirenant. Table A.1 — Lower yield stresssar stress at 0,2 % non-proportional elongation at elevated temperature Temperature °C € zd 0s an con fl gen Property class Lower yield stress, R,, or stress at 0,2 % nor-proportional elongation Ro 2 Nimm? 56 300 270 230 25 195 88 640 590 540 510 480 109 940 a5 730 745 705 10.9 mi — = = = we T1000 we w was Continuous operating at elevated sevice temperature may result in significant stress relaxation. Typically 100 h service at 300 *C will result in a permanent reduction in excess of 25 % of the initial clamping load in the bolt due to decrease in yield stress, (