Professional Documents
Culture Documents
General Mathematics M1
General Mathematics M1
LEARNING MODULE
GENERAL MATHEMATICS Grade 11 – Q1 M1
PRE-ASSESSMENT:
Let’s find out how much you already know about this module. Please answer all items. Take note of the items that
you were not able to correctly answer and look for the right one as you go through in this module. Good luck!
1. It is often defined by a table, an equation, or a graph, each of which can be viewed from a mathematical
perspective as a set of ordered pairs.
a. Correspondence c. Function
b. Domain d. Range
2. It is a correspondence between two sets x and y in which each element of set x corresponds to exactly one
element of set y.
a. Correspondence c. Function
b. Domain d. Range
3. It is the set of all first components of the ordered pairs and the possible set of values for the independent
variable.
a. Correspondence c. Function
b. Domain d. Range
4. It is the function whose more than one formula is used to define the output.
a. Rational Function c. Function
b. Piecewise Function d. Relation
5. It is the ratio of one polynomial function to another polynomial function.
a. Rational Function c. Rational Function
b. Rational Function d. Piecewise Function
6. It is an inequality that contains rational expressions.
a. Rational Function c. Rational Function
b. Rational Function d. Piecewise Function
7. It is an equation that contains rational expressions.
a. Rational Function c. Rational Function
b. Rational Function d. Piecewise Function
2
8. Given g ( x )=4 x −1 , find ( g ) ( 0 ) .
a. 3 c. -1
b. 5 d. 0
9. Given f ( x )=4 x +2∧g ( x )=5 x−1 , find ( f + g ) ( x ) .
a. 9 x +2 c. 9 x +1
b. 4 x+1 d.5 x+ 1
2
()
10. Given f ( x )=x −4∧g ( x ) =x−2 , find
f
g
(x).
a. x−2 c. x +2
2
x −4 x −2
b. d. 2
x −2 x −4
EXPLORE
Are your ready to learn about functions? If so, then you may start this module by completing the table.
See attached Activity 1 Entry Card on page 9
FIRM UP
The next part of this module will help build your knowledge about functions. Read the concept notes below and
do activities that follow
Function
A function is a rule of correspondence between two nonempty sets, such that to each element of the first
set called domain, there corresponds one and only one element of the second set called range.
Example 1: Identify the domain, the function rule and the range of the following:
4 3
a. The volume of spherical balloon of radius r is given by v= π r .
3
{
Function rule: f ( d )=
8 for 0<d ≤ 5
8+0.5 d for d >5
Range:{ ₱ 8 , ₱ 8.50 , ₱ 9 , ₱ 9.50 , ₱ 10 , … }
Piecewise Functions
A piecewise function is a function whose more than one formula is used to define the output. Each
formula has its own domain, and the domain of the function is the union of all these smaller domains. We notate
this idea like this:
{
formula1 if x is∈domain 1
f ( x )= formula2 if x is∈domain 2
formula3 if x is∈domain 3
Example 2: Evaluate a Piecewise-Defined Function
Given the function f ( x )= { 7 x+3 x <0
7 x +6 x ≥ 0
, evaluate
a. f (−1) b. f (0) c. f (2)
Solution
a. f ( x) is defined as 7 x +3 for x=−1 because −1<0.
f (−1 ) =7 (−1 )+ 3=−7 +3=−4
b. f ( x) is defined as 7 x +6 for x=0 because 0 ≥ 0.
f ( 0 )=7 ( 0 ) +6=0+ 6=6
c. f ( x) is defined as 7 x +6 for x=2 because 2 ≥0.
f ( 2 ) =7 ( 2 )+ 6=14 +6=20
Example 3: Write a Piecewise-Defined Function
A cellphone company uses the function below top determine the cost, C, for g gigabytes of data transfer.
{ C ( g ) = 25 0< g< 2
10 g+5 g ≥2
Find the cost of using 1.5 gigabytes of data and the cost of using 4 gigabytes of data.
Solution
To find the cost of using 1.5 gigabytes of data, C(1.5), we first look to see which part of the domain our
input falls. Because 1.5 is less than 2, we use the first formula. C ( 1.5 ) =25
To find the cost of using 4 gigabytes of data, C(4), we see that our input of 4 is greater than 2, so we use
the second formula. C ( 4 ) =10 ( 4 ) +5=45
Example 4: Write a Piecewise-Defined Function
A museum charges 5 per person for a guided tour for a group of 1 to 9 people or a fixed 50 fee for a group of 10
or more people. Write a function relating the number of people, n, the cost, C.
Solution
Two different formulas will be needed. For n-values under 10, C=5 n . For values of n that are 10 or greater,
C=50.
{
C ( n )= 5 n0 <n<10
50 n≥ 10
Operations On Functions
When a fundamental operation is applied to two or more given functions, a new function can be formed.
Addition ( f + g )( x )=f ( x )+ g ( x )
Subtraction ( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g ( x )
Multiplication ( f · g ) ( x ) =f ( x ) ∙ g ( x )
f f (x)
Division ( x )=
g g ( x)
3| P a g e Malasiqui Catholic School, Inc.
Module 1: Functions First Quarter/Month 1
Example 5: Sum and Difference of Functions
Let f ( x )=2 x 3−5 x+ 4∧g ( x )=3 x2 +2 x−6. Find the following:
a. ( f + g )( x ) b. ( f −g)( x)
Solution
a. (f + g)( x)=f ( x)+ g ( x)
¿ ( 2 x3 −5 x+ 4 ) +(3 x 2+2 x−6) Substitute f ( x )∧g (x)
3 2
¿ 2 x −5 x + 4+3 x + 2 x−6 Add the two functions together
3 2
¿ 2 x +3 x −3 x−2 Simplify
b. ( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g(x )
¿ ( 2 x −5 x+ 4 ) −(3 x +2 x −6) Substitute f ( x )∧g (x)
3 2
3 2
¿ 2 x −5 x + 4−3 x −2 x +6 Subtract the two functions together
3 2
¿ 2 x −3 x −7 x +10 Simplify
Example 6: Product and Quotient of Functions
Let f ( x )=x +1∧g ( x )=2 x−3. Find the following:
f
a. ( f ∙ g) ( 2) b. ( )(1)
g
Solution
a. (f · g)(x)=f ( x )∙ g(x)
¿( x +1)(2 x −3) Substitute f ( x )∧g (x)
2
¿ 2 x −3 x +2 x−3 Multiply the two functions together
2
¿ 2 x −x−3 Simplify
2
¿ 2(2) −2−3 Substitute at 2
¿3
f f (x)
b. ( x )=
g g ( x)
x+1
¿ Substitute f ( x )∧g (x)
2 x−3
1+1
¿ Substitute at 1
2(1)−3
2
¿ Simplify
−1
¿−2
Composition of Functions
Composition of functions is another way in which functions can be combined. This method of
combining functions uses the output of one function as the input for a second function.
A function m is a composite of functions f ∧g if
m ( x ) =f [ g( x) ]
The domain of m is the set of all numbers x such that x is in the domain of , and g(x ) is in the domain f.
Example 7: Evaluate the Functions
Let f ( u )=u2 and g ( x )=3 x+1. Compute f [ g(x ) ] and g [ f (u) ].
Solution
f [ g(x ) ] =f (3 x+1)
¿(3 x +1)2
2
¿ 9 x +6 x+1
g [ f (u) ]=g (u2)
¿ 3 ( u ) +1
2
2
¿ 3 u +1
Example 8: Evaluate the Functions
Given f ( x )=3 x−4∧g ( x ) =x2 −2 x +6 , find each of the following composite functions:
a. (f ⃘ g)(x ) b. (g ⃘ f )(x )
Solution
a. We begin with (f ⃘ g)(x ), the composition of f with g. Because ( f ⃘ g)(x )means f ( g ( x ) ), we must
replace each occurrence of x in the equation for f with g(x ).
f ( x )=3 x−4
4| P a g e Malasiqui Catholic School, Inc.
Module 1: Functions First Quarter/Month 1
( f ⃘ g )( x )=f ( g ( x ))
¿ 3 ( g ( x ) ) −4
¿ 3 ( x −2 x+6 )−4
2
¿ 3 x 2−6 x+ 14
Thus, ( f ⃘ g )( x )=3 x 2−6 x+ 14.
b. Next, we find ( g ⃘ f )(x ), the composition of g with f. Because ( g ⃘ f )(x ) means g ( f ( x ) ) , we must
replace each occurrence of x in the equation for g with f ( x ) .
g ( x )=x 2−2 x +6
( g ⃘ f )( x )=g ( f ( x ) )
¿ g(3 x−4)
¿(3 x−4)2−2 ( 3 x−4 ) +6
2
¿ 9 x −24 x +16−6 x+ 8+6
¿ 9 x 2−30 x+30
Thus, ( g ⃘ f )( x )=9 x 2−30 x +30.
Notice that ( g ⃘ f )( x ) is not the same function as ( f ⃘ g)(x ).
Rational Equations
An equation that contains rational expressions is referred to as rational equations. The following are
examples of rational equations:
2
2x 4 x x 4 x −16
a. = −2 x b. − = −3 c. =1
15 5 2−x x +4 x+ 4 2
x + 4 x +4
In solving rational equations, multiply each term of the equation by the least common denominator (LCD).
Then, solve the resulting equation.
Example 9: Solve each rational equation.
5x 1 1 x 12
a. − = b. + =x −2
6 2 3 3 x
Solution
5x 1 1
a. Multiply both sides by the LCD 6 Check: if x=1 and − = , then
6 2 3
5x 1 1 5(1) 1 1
− = − =
6 2 3 6 2 3
( 5x 1
)
− (6)= (6)
6 2
1
3
5 1 1
− =
6 2 3
5−3 1
5 x−3=2 =
6 3
2 1
5 x=5 =
6 3
1 1
x=1 = (True Statement)
3 3
5x 1 1
Hence, x=1 is the solution of − = .
6 2 3
b. The given equation can be reduced to quadratic form.
x 12
+ =x −2, x ≠ 0
3 x
( x 12
+
3 x )(3 x)=(x−2)(3 x) Multiply both sides by the LCD 3x.
2 2
x + 36=3 x −6 x Apply distributive property.
2
−2 x +6 x +36=0 Combine similar terms.
2
x −3 x−18=0 Divide both sides by -2.
( x−6 )( x +3 )=0 Factor the trinomial.
x−6=0 or x +3=0
x=6 or x=−3
6∧x 12 −3∧x 12
Check: if x= + =x−2, 14 If x= + =x−2 ,
3 x 3 x
5| P a g e Malasiqui Catholic School, Inc.
Module 1: Functions First Quarter/Month 1
6 12 −3 12
+ =6−2 + =−3−2
3 6 3 −3
2+2=4 −1−4=−5
4=4 (True Statement) −5=−5 (True Statement)
Thus , the solutions of the given equation are6∧−3.
Rational Inequalities
An inequality that contains rational expressions is referred to as rational inequality. The following are
examples of rational inequalities.
x−5 1 4 x +5 5 x x x−3
a. −7 ≤ b. > c. + ≠0
3x x−5 x−4 x−4 3 x +2 2 x +4
5 −2 x
Example 10: Solve 3 x− ≥ then graph its solution set.
6 3
Solution
The LCD of the fractions involved is 6.
( 5
) ( )
3 x− ( 6)≥
6
−2 x
3
(6)
18 x−5 ≥−4 x The sense of the inequality is unchanged when both sides are multiplied by
the positive real number 6.
18 x+ 4 x−5 ≥−4 x +4 x The sense of the inequality is unchanged when real numbers 4x and 5 are
added to both sides.
22 x−5+5 ≥ 0+5
22 x ≥ 5
5
x≥
22
[ 5
22
, ∞¿. Its
Rational Functions
The ratio of one polynomial function to another polynomial function is a rational function.
A rational function, r ( x ), is a function of the form
p (x)
r ( x )=
q( x )
Where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions, and q(x)≠ 0.
The domain of r(x) is the set of real numbers such that q(x) is not zero.
Example 11: Construct a table of values and sketch the graph of the following rational functions:
1 x
a. f ( x )= b. g ( x )=
x x +1
Solution
In dealing with a rational function, it is often helpful to find values for which the rational function is undefined.
Later, one will find that the graph of the rational function approaches lines that contain these values for which
the rational function is undefined.; hence the graph does not cross the lines.
1 1
a. The function f ( x )= which can be represented by the equation y= is not defined when x=0 . The
x x
1
graph of the line x=0 will not be crossed by the graph of f ( x )= . The table of values for the function is
x
constructed and shown below.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y -0.33 -0.50 -1.00 Undefined 1 0.50 0.33
x x
b. The function g ( x )= which can be represented by the equation y= is not defined when x=−1.
x +1 x +1
x
The graph of the line x=−1 will not crossed by the graph of g ( x )=
x +1
The table of values for the function is constructed and shown below.
X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Y 1.50 2 Undefined 0 0.50 0.67 0.75
Asymptotes
Asymptote is an imaginary line to which a graph gets closer and closer as it increases or decreases its
p(x)
value without limit. The zeroes of rational function r ( x )= can be determined by solving p ( x ) =0. In other
q (x )
words, whatever values that make the numerator p ( x ) equal to zero are the zeroes of r ( x ) provided that it is not
a zero of the denominator q ( x ) .
The behavior of the graph of a rational function near the asymptote(s) is explained arithmetically:
1
If a number n is too big, then is too small, and closer to 0.
n
1
If a number n is too small, then is too big, and far from 0.
n
To determine the vertical asymptote of a rational function r (x ), find the zeroes of the denominator that are not
zeroes of the numerator.
Example 15: Find the zeroes of each rational function.
3x 2
4 x −9
a. g ( x ) = 2 ( )
b. G x =
x +6 x−3
Solution
3x
a. For g ( x )= 2 , 3 x=0∧x=0
x +6
Thus, the zero of g ( x ) is 0.
2
4 x −9 3 −3
b. For G x = ( ) , 4 x2 −9=0 implies that ( 2 x+3 )( 2 x−3 )=0 , and x= ∨ . Thus, the zeroes of G(x) are
x−3 2 2
3 −3
x= ∨ .
2 2
Example 16: Determine the vertical asymptotes of each rational function.
( x +1)(x −3)( x + 4) ( x−1)( x−3)(x−2)
a. r ( x )= b. r ( x )= 2
( x−1)(x+2) (x +1)( x−2)
8| P a g e Malasiqui Catholic School, Inc.
Module 1: Functions First Quarter/Month 1
Solution
a. The zeroes of the numerator are −1 ,3 ,∧−4. The zeroes of the denominator are 1 and -2. The vertical
asymptotes for r(x) are x=1 and x=-2. These values are zeroes of the denominator but not of the numerator.
b. The zeroes of the numerator are 1, 3, and 2. The zeroes of the denominator are -1 and 2 (multiplicity 2). The
vertical asymptotes for R(x) are x=-1 and x=2. The value remains to be a vertical asymptote since its
multiplicity is 2, which is greater than the multiplicity of the same zero in the numerator.
To determine the horizontal asymptote of a rational function, compare the degree of the numerator n and the
degree of the denominator d.
If n< d , the horizontal asymptote is y=0
If n=d, the horizontal asymptote y is the ratio of the leading coefficient of the numerator a n to the
an
leading coefficient of the denominator a d. That is y= .
ad
If n> d , there is no horizontal asymptote.
Examples 17: Determine the horizontal asymptote of each rational function.
x 7−3 x
a. r ( x )= 2 b. R ( x )=
9 x −1 2 x+1
Solution
a. The degree of the numerator x is less than the degree of the denominator 9 x 2−1. Therefore, the horizontal
asymptote is y=0.
b. The degree of the numerator 7-3x and that of the denominator 2 x+1 are equal. Therefore, the horizontal
asymptote y is equal to the ratio of the leading coefficient of the numerator -3 to the leading coefficient of the
−3
denominator 2. That is, y= .
2
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Name: ____________________________________________Grade and Section:________________________
Contact Number:____________________________________Address_________________________________
Subject Teacher: Rose Anne G. Rosario/Jude T. Mamaril_________________
Important!!! DETACH AND SUBMIT ONLY PAGES 9-10 to your Subject Teacher!
{
f ( x )= x +5 if x ←2
−4 if x ≥−2
a. b. c.
2. Combine the function using the indicated operation given the functions defined as follows:
f ( x )=4 x +1 g ( x )=x 2+5 x−6 2
h ( x )=x −4 k ( x )=7
a. (f ∙ g)( x) d. ()h
f
(x )
b. ( g−h ) ( x ) e. (f ⃘ g)(x )
c. g(−1) f. ( g+ f )( x )− ( g−f )( x )
3. Identify which of the following are rational equalities and rational inequalities, then solve.
5x 1 7 3 2 4
a. + = b. + >1−
6 3 12 x x x
4. Identify which of the following are rational functions.
Level of Proficiency
Criteria
Advanced Very Proficient Less Beginner
(9 to 10) Proficient(8) (7) Proficient(6) (below 6)
Number of Five or more Four correct Three correct Two correct Only one or no
correct correct problems problems and problems and problems and correct problem
problems and and solutions are solutions are solutions are solutions are and solution is
solutions (10) provided. provided. provided. provided. provided.
Significance/ All problems The problems The problems The problems The problems
Relevance to formulated are ate based on are based on are not that are not based
real life (10) based on different different real real-life relevant today. on real-life
real life situations life situations, but situations.
and problems that situations. some of which
affect people, deal with only
particularly one aspect of
Filipinos, today. everyday
life.
Level of At least four of Three of the Two of the Most problems All problems
difficulty (10) the problems are problems are problems are are one-step are simple one-
multi-level and/or multi-level multi-level problems. step problems
require higher- and/or require and/or require that do not
order thinking higher-order higher-order require logical
skills. thinking thinking skills. thinking skills.
skills.
Strategies All problems are Only four of Only three of Only two of Only one or
applied to solved using the problems the problems the problems none of the
solve appropriate are solved are solved are solved problems are
problems (10) strategies using using using solved using
appropriate appropriate appropriate appropriate
strategies. strategies. strategies. strategies
Originality All of the Four of the Three of the Two of the Only one or
(10) problems were problems were problems were problems were none of the
originally made originally originally originally problems were
and were not just made and were made and were made and originally made
copied from the not just copied not just copied were not just and were not
books, internet, or from the from the copied from just copied
other learning books, books, the books, from the books,
resources. internet, or internet, or internet, or internet, or
other learning other learning other learning
other learning
resources. resources.
resources. resources.