SQUARE PAD FOOTING DESIGN(WITH VERTICAL LOADS AND HORIZONTAL LOAD)

Density of concrete (kn/m^3)

Depth of footing h (m)
Length L of footing (m)
Width w of footing (m)
Assumed Self weight of footing (Kn) = Density of concrete (kn/m^3) x Assumed Depth of footing h (m) x Assumed Length L of
Dead Load Vertical load on pedestal (kn)
Live Load Vertical load on pedestal (kn)

Dead Load horizontal along X (kn) on top of Footing

Live Load horizontal along X (kn) on top of Footing
Dead Load horizontal along Z (kn) on top of Footing
Live Load horizontal along Z (kn) on top of Footing

Dead Load horizontal along X (kn) on top of Pedestal

Live Load horizontal along X (kn) on top of Pedestal
Dead Load horizontal along Z (kn) on top of Pedestal
Live Load horizontal along Z (kn) on top of Pedestal

Bearing capacity of soil S.B.C (kn/m2)

Fcu (n/mm2)
Fy (n/mm2)
Unit weight of soil (kn/m3) ꝩ
height of soil fill (m)
Surcharge (kn/m2)
b of column (m)
h of column (m)
Diameter of bar used (mm) bottom 1
Diameter of bar used (mm) bottom 2
Cover of footing (mm)

Height of soil above footing (m)

Unit weight of soil (kn/m3) ꝩ

PEDESTAL DATA
b of pedestal (m)
h of pedestal (m)
height of pedestal (m)
Selfweight of pedestal (kn) = Density of concrete (kn/m^3) x b of pedestal (m) x h of pedestal (m) x height of pedestal (m)

Weight of soil on top of footing (kn)={area of footing -area of column}XHeight of fill on top of footingXUnit weight of soil

Total Vertical Service Load (kn) =Dead Load Vertical load (kn) + Live Load Vertical load (kn) +Assumed Self weight of footing (Kn

Total Dead Load Vertical factored (kn) = 1.4 x Dead Load Vertical load on pedestal (kn)
Total live Load Vertical factored (kn) = 1.6 x Live Load Vertical load on pedestal (kn)
Total factored Vertical load (kn) = Total Dead Load Vertical factored (kn) + Total live Load Vertical factored (kn)

INITIAL MINIMUM FOOTING SIZE

Minimum area required (m2) = Total Vertical Service Load (kn) / Bearing capacity of soil S.B.C (kn/m2)
For Square Footing L = W (m)

AFTER GETTING INITIAL SIZES SELECT L , W AND h for Final Footing Size
Length L of footing (m)
Width w of footing (m)
Depth of footing h (m)

Section Modulus with respect to z Zz = Length L of footing (m) x Width w of footing (m) x Width w of footing (m)/6
Section Modulus with respect to x Zx = Width w of footing (m) x Length L of footing (m) x Length L of footing (m) /6

SERVICE MOMENT
Footing Total moment with respect to Z(Knm) = {DL horizontal along X (kn) on top of Footing x Depth of footing h m} + {LL hori
Footing Total moment with respect to X(Knm) = {DL horizontal along Z (kn) on top of Footing x Depth of footing h m} + {LL hori

Pedestal Total moment with respect to Z(Knm) = {DL horizontal along X (kn) on top of Pedestal + LL horizontal along X (kn) on t
Pedestal Total moment with respect to X(Knm) = {DL horizontal along Z (kn) on top of Pedestal + LL horizontal along Z (kn) on

Total moment with respect to Z(Knm) = Footing Total moment with respect to Z(Knm) + Pedestal Total moment with respect t
Total moment with respect to X(Knm) = Footing Total moment with respect to X(Knm) + Pedestal Total moment with respect t

FACTORED MOMENT
Footing Total moment with respect to Z(Knm) = {1.4DL horizontal along X (kn) on top of Footing x Depth of footing h m} + {1.6L
Footing Total moment with respect to X(Knm) = {1.4DL horizontal along Z (kn) on top of Footing x Depth of footing h m} + {1.6L
Pedestal Total moment with respect to Z(Knm) = {1.4DL horizontal along X (kn) on top of Pedestal + 1.6LL horizontal along X (k
Pedestal Total moment with respect to X(Knm) = {1.4DL horizontal along Z (kn) on top of Pedestal + 1.6LL horizontal along Z (k

Total moment with respect to Z(Knm) = Footing Total moment with respect to Z(Knm) + Pedestal Total moment with respect t
Total moment with respect to X(Knm) = Footing Total moment with respect to X(Knm) + Pedestal Total moment with respect t

STRESS AT 4 CORNERS (SERVICE CONDITION) (Should be less than soil bearing capacity)
δ 1 = (Total Vertical Service Load (kn)/Area of footing) - Mx/Zx + Mz/Zz
δ 2 = (Total Vertical Service Load (kn)/Area of footing) - Mx/Zx - Mz/Zz
δ 3 = (Total Vertical Service Load (kn)/Area of footing) + Mx/Zx - Mz/Zz
δ 4 = (Total Vertical Service Load (kn)/Area of footing) + Mx/Zx + Mz/Zz

STRESS AT 4 CORNERS (ULTIMATE CONDITION) (Should be less than soil bearing capacity)
δ 1 = (Total Vertical factored Load (kn)/Area of footing) - Mx factored/Zx + Mz/Zz
δ 2 = (Total Vertical factored Load (kn)/Area of footing) - Mx factored/Zx - Mz/Zz
δ 3 = (Total Vertical factored Load (kn)/Area of footing) + Mx factored/Zx - Mz/Zz
δ 4 = (Total Vertical factored Load (kn)/Area of footing) + Mx factored/Zx + Mz/Zz

MOMENT ABOUT Z AXIS

From above computation take factored pressure
Pmax (kn/m2)
Pmin (kn/m2)

La (m) = (Length L of footing (m) - b of column (m))/2

Lb (m) = Length L of footing (m) - La (m)
Pressure on the face of column for max bending moment (kn/m2) Pc = Pmin + {(Lb m /Length L of footing m)*(Pmax - Pmin)}

Force due to upward pressure from soil (kn) = 0.5x (Pmax + Pc) x La x Width w of footing (m)

Lever arm (m) = {Pc + 2Pmax) x La /3 (Pc + Pmax)

Moment (knm) = Force due to upward pressure from soil (kn) x Lever arm (m)

Effective depth d(mm) = Depth of footing h (mm) - Cover of footing (mm) - Diameter of bar used (mm) bottom 1 - Diameter o
b = W(m)
K = {Moment (knm) x 1000000} / {Fcu (n/mm2) x b x d x d} ≤ 0.156
K/ 0.9
0.25 - K/ 0.9
(0.25 - K/ 0.9)^0.5
d {0.5+(0.25 - K/ 0.9)^0.5}
0.95d
Z (mm)

Area of steel required (mm2) As = {Moment about axis y-y (knm) x 1000000} / 0.95FyZ

Minimum area of steel required (mm2) BS 8110 Table 3.25 page 88 (percentage) coefficient
Minimum area of steel required (mm2) BS 8110 Table 3.25 page 88 (percentage) = percentage x b = W(mm) x Thickness of fo
Area provided (mm2)

MOMENT ABOUT X AXIS

La (m) = (width W of footing (m) - h of column (m))/2

Force due to upward pressure from soil (kn) = 0.5x (Pmax + Pmin) x La x Length L of footing (m)
Lever arm (m) = La /2
Moment (knm) = Force due to upward pressure from soil (kn) x Lever arm (m)
b = L(m)
K = {Moment (knm) x 1000000} / {Fcu (n/mm2) x b x d x d} ≤ 0.156
K/ 0.9
0.25 - K/ 0.9
(0.25 - K/ 0.9)^0.5
d {0.5+(0.25 - K/ 0.9)^0.5}
0.95d
Z (mm)

Area of steel required (mm2) As = {Moment (knm) x 1000000} / 0.95FyZ

Minimum area of steel required (mm2) BS 8110 Table 3.25 page 88 (percentage) = percentage x b = W(mm) x Thickness of fo
Area provided (mm2)

ONEWAY SHEAR (VERTICAL SHEAR ) ALONG X

La2 (m)= (Width w of footing (mm) = D)/2 - h of column (mm)/2 - Effective depth d(mm)
Lm (m) = Width w of footing (m) - La2

Average pressure for the required section (kn/m2) P4 = Pmin + {(Pmax-Pmin) x (Lm(m)/2)/Width w of footing (m) D}

Design shear force (kn) = 0.5( P4 + Pmax) x Length L of footing (m) B x La2 (m)

Design shear stress (n/mm2) = Design shear force (kn) x 1000/ { Length L of footing B mm x Effective depth d(mm)}

V11 = MIN{ 5n/mm2 or 0.8(Fcu)^0.5}

Design shear stress (n/mm2) should be less than V11 {If yes then continue}

MIN {3, (100As/Ld)} where L = B, As - area provided

{MIN {3, (100As/bd)}}^1/3
MAX {1, (400/d)}
{MAX {1, (400/d)}}^1/4

MIN{(40/25),(Fcu/25)}
{MIN{(40/25),(Fcu/25)}}^1/3

Critical shear stress vc (n/mm2) = {0.79 x {MIN {3, (100As/bd)}}^1/3 x {MAX {1, (400/d)}}^1/4 x {MIN{(40/25),(Fcu/25)}}^1/3} /
{Critical shear stress vc (n/mm2) Should be greater than Design shear stress}

ONEWAY SHEAR (VERTICAL SHEAR ) ALONG X2 - X2

La3 (mM)= (Length L of footing (m) = B)/2 - h of column (mm)/2 - Effective depth d(mm)

Average pressure (kn/m2) = {Factored Maximum Pressure (kn/m2) + Factored Minimum Pressure (kn/m2)}/2

Design shear force (kn) = Average pressure (kn/m2) x Width w of footing (m) = D x La3 (m)

Design shear stress (n/mm2) = Design shear force (kn) x 1000/ { Width w of footing (mm) = D x Effective depth d(mm)}

V11 = MIN{ 5n/mm2 or 0.8(Fcu)^0.5}

Design shear stress (n/mm2) should be less than V11 {If yes then continue}

MIN {3, (100As/Wd)} where Width w of footing (m) = D, As - area provided

{MIN {3, (100As/Wd)}}^1/3

MAX {1, (400/d)}

{MAX {1, (400/d)}}^1/4

MIN{(40/25),(Fcu/25)}
{MIN{(40/25),(Fcu/25)}}^1/3

Critical shear stress vc (n/mm2) = {0.79 x {MIN {3, (100As/bd)}}^1/3 x {MAX {1, (400/d)}}^1/4 x {MIN{(40/25),(Fcu/25)}}^1/3} /
{Critical shear stress vc (n/mm2) Should be greater than Design shear stress}

PUNCHING SHEAR (TWO WAY SHEAR)

Punching shear is checked on a perimeter 1.5d from the column face.Punching shear strength will be increased by 15%, if ther
per BS 8110- 1997 3.7.6.2

La4 mm = h of column (m) + 3d

La5 mm = b of column (m)+ 3d
Cx mm = (W of footing = D - La4)/2
Cy mm = (L of footing = B - La5)/2
Total pressure Under the base (kn) = ({ L of footing B x W of footing D} x Factored Min Pressure P1) + {0.5 x L of footing B x W

PP1 (kn/m2) = Factored Min Pressure P1 + {(Cx/W of footing D) x (Factored Max Pressure P2 - Factored Min Pressure P1)}
PP2 (kn/m2) = Factored Min Pressure P1 + {(Cx+La4/W of footing = D) x (Factored Max Pressure P2 - Factored Min Pressure P1

Average pressure over the punching area (kn/m2) = 0.5 x (PP1 + PP2)
Area within critical perimeter (m2) = La4 x La5
Pressure within critical perimieter kn = Average pressure over the punching area (kn/m2) x Area within critical perimeter (m2)

Total pressure Under the base kn = ({ L of footing B x W of footing D} x Factored Min Pressure (kn/m2) P1) + {0.5 x L of footing

If there is moment acting at the bottom of the footing punching shear will be increased by 15% per BS 8110 - 1997, 3.7.6.2

Punching Shear force kn =( Total pressure Under the base kn - Pressure under Unshaded area kn) x 1.15

Unshaded perimeter (mm) = 2{La4 mm + La5 mm}

Design punching shear stress v (n/mm2) = Punching shear force (kn) x 1000/{Unshaded perimeter mm x Effective depth d(mm

Critical shear stress vc (n/mm2) = {0.79 x {MIN {3, (100As/bd)}}^1/3 x {MAX {1, (400/d)}}^1/4 x {MIN{(40/25),(Fcu/25)}}^1/3} /
{Critical shear stress vc (n/mm2) should be greater than Design punching shear stress v (n/mm2)}
 24
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