CHAPTER 1

Introduction

This chapter presents the background of the study, review of related literature, conceptual
framework, statement of the problem, significance of the study, scope and limitations, and
definition of terms.

Background of the Study

The company that operates the malls was started by Henry Sy. Sr., from the dream of
selling a good pair of shoes to every Filipino to operating shoemart in 1958 with a store in
Manila. In the 1960's, the shoemart expanded its shoe store chain. By the 1970's, shoemart was a
full-line department store, shifting its name from shoemart to SM.

In 1980's, the company diversified and ventured into the supermarket and home appliance
store business. It opened the first 'supermarket' store in 1985 in Quezon City named SM City
North EDSA. SM is a leading company that is invested in market leading businesses in retail,
banking, and property. It also invests things that can capture the high growth opportunities in the
emerging Philippine economy. It looks for market leaders or those with potential to become
leaders in their chosen sectors that offer synergies and attractive returns and cashflows.

SM was listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange in 2005. Its assets include blue-chip
listed firms SM Prime Holdings, BDO Unibank and China Banking Corporation.

A shopping mall is a wonderful place for people. To some people it may just be a place
they need to do their shopping in a convenient manner but for many others, it is something much
more than that. It is a place where they can experience new things, a great place where the fun,
food, friends, and family can easily gather outside of the home. It is where the paths of people
can intersect, where new beginnings can happen, and many more things that are unexpected to
feel. SM is where the best brands offer their products and services. Malls can give the people the
option to do what they please and at their leisure, it is the destination for nearly everyone. One
such mall that is an excellent choice for nearly everyone in the Philippines is the SM Supermall.
The SM Supermall is the largest chain of shopping malls in the Philippines and has nearly
everything that most of the Filipino people can look for when they go to a mall and look for the
latest items that they could ever want or need. The malls also have a great amount of ambience
and feel to it that is unlike anywhere else in the Philippines. You can look around and see a
nearly endless line of shops that could sell something that might pique your interest, you can go
crowd-watching, you can listen to the piano, or you can check the great views that some of the
malls can offer.

Through careful planning and execution, SM takes inspiration from its millions of
stakeholders whose lives are shaped by their aspirations and constant desire for a better quality
of life. As it continues to build on these aspirations, SM fulfills its catalyst role by expanding
through its core businesses, generating employment, business activity and overall progress in its
host communities. SM stands firm in its commitment toward change by promoting more value
and greater convenience, stimulating growth and inspiring millions toward realizing their
lifelong dreams.

SM Investments Corporation (SMIC), also known as SM Investments or informally as

the SM Group is a holding company with interests in shopping mall development and
management, retail, real estate development, banking, and tourism, founded by Henry Sy, Sr. It
has become one of the largest conglomerates in the Philippines, being the country's dominant
player in retail with 208 stores nationwide. Of these, 47 are SM Department Stores; 38 are SM
Supermarkets; 37 are SM Hypermarkets and 86 are SaveMore branches.

It is the largest company in the Philippines in terms of market capitalization, and has
repeatedly ranked as the top Philippine company in the Forbes Global 2000.

The researchers come up with this study since they want to find out the insights of some
students about going to the malls and aside from that, they want to know the factors that attracts
people in going to SM malls that can help the researches if they are to become future
entrepreneurs.

Review of Related Literature

The study of Debek (2015) focuses on finding the qualities of shopping malls which
makes a mall an attractive place. This study is a survey-based correlational study. This study
included 384 participants, 192 male and 192 female who has a median age of 22. The data
collection that this study used was survey and the survey contains 58 items questions which has
nine questions to measure the attractiveness of a mall and has 49 questions to measure the other
predictors. The study investigated six shopping malls in Poland. This study concluded that the
atmosphere and the social positioning of the mall is what a mall attractive. This study also
concluded that the more crowded and noisy the mall is, it makes this mall attractive.
The study of El-Adly and Eid (2016) shows the factors which makes UAE shopping
malls attractive from the customers’ insights. The data collection method that this study used was
a survey made by the university staff and they also used principal component factor analysis on
finding the factors which makes shopping malls attractive. The findings of the study listed the
factors that makes shopping malls attractive which are comfort, entertainment, diversity, mall
essence, convenience, and luxury.
The study of Borusiak, et.al. (2018) identifies the factors of shopping centres
attractiveness in the perspectives of the students. The study used survey questionnaire as a data
collection method and included 278 students from Poznan University of Economics and
Business. The results of the study shows that offer perception, location and decoration, comfort
of shopping, entertainment, and toilet accessibility are the factors that makes shopping centres
attractive.
The study of Karlsson & Nilsson (2017) examines the different attributes for city centre
attractiveness from the customers’ perception. The quantitative method that this used was a face
to face questionnaire that were conducted on 100 consumers and the study used an explanation
context with the deductive approach. The findings of the study shows that the city centre
attractiveness is positively affected by retail, amusement, activities and atmosphere.
The paper of Jhamb & Mittal (2015) identifies the elements that makes the shoppers
support their country’s own in Indian context. There are 16 elements that can be divided into
four dimensions that can determine that attractiveness of shopping malls which are
merchandising, variety & selection, milieu & facilities, and convenience.
The study of Ortegon-Cortazar & Royo-Vela (2017) analyzes the attraction factors of
shopping centres. This study included 449 customers of 25 different shopping centers in Bogota
using the structural equation model as the research approach. The findings of the study shows
that the design of ecological spaces and environments has a potential of becoming a field of
interests of the customers.
 The paper of Sebastian & Purwanegara (2014) highlights the important factors from the
customers’ perspectives when they are choosing a shopping mall to go to and how the
attractiveness of the malls influence the behavior of the people in Jakarta. The study used a
questionnaire as a data collection method. After several observations, the study comes up with a
result that the leisure and completeness or availability of the mall are what makes the malls
attractive to people and the location of the mall is what influences the people to go to their malls.
Conceptual Framework

1. What makes SM Mall

an attractive place to
go?

2. What makes SM Malls

different from other
malls?

The study was

3. What do SM Malls
conducted through
provide which satisfies
interview.
their customers?

4. What are the

views/perception of
Grade 11 that make SM
an attractive mall for
them?
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to generate the opinion of ABM students on what makes them go to SM.
This study aims to answer the following questions:

General question:

 What makes SM Mall an attractive place to go?

Specific Questions:

 What makes SM Malls different from other malls?

 What do SM Malls provide which satisfies their customers?
 What are the views/perception of Grade 11 that make SM an attractive mall for them?

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study may be beneficial to the following:

 Entrepreneurs: The results of the findings will serve as a guide for the entrepreneurs
why they should do or why they should not do their businesses in SM malls and what are
the factors they should know to make their business more attractive.
 Students: The result of the findings will help to know the behaviour of the students in
choosing a shopping mall and what are the factors that they are considering in selecting
one.
 Families: It will assist the parents on what to do and what are the factors why they
should go to SM mall instead of other shopping malls.
 Researchers: The findings of the study will serve as an indicator and reference to other
researchers who will study the same case as we are especially who are into marketing.

Scope and Limitations

 This study focused on the perceptions of Grade 11 ABM students in going to SM Malls.
The subjects that will be involved in this study will be __ ABM students of New Era University.
This study started on November 19, 2018 and ended on March 11, 2019. The study will
concentrate more on finding the factors on what makes SM Malls an attractive place to go to.
The research tool that was used in this study was the interview method to get more specific
answers. The subjects of the study will be limited only to those loyal customers of SM malls.

Definition of Terms

Conglomerates

-a company that owns several smaller businesses whose products or services are usually very
different.

Shoemart

- is a family owned business providing the highest quality of men & women shoes and services.

Product

- is any good, service, or idea that can be offered to a market to satisfy a want or need.

Service

- A valuable action, deed, or effort performed to satisfy a need or to fulfill a demand.

Shopping

-is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or services presented by one or
more retailers with the potential intent to purchase a suitable selection of them.
 Chapter 2

Methods

This chapter presented the research design that was used, the population sampling, the
source of data, data gathering procedure, and the data analysis.

Research Design

Phenomenology is a qualitative research method that is used to describe how human

beings experience a certain phenomenon. A phenomenological study attempts to set aside biases
and preconceived assumptions about human experiences, feelings, and responses to a particular
situation. The researchers used the phenomenological design since the study focuses on
obtaining descriptions of the participant's lived experiences through an interview. The goal of the
study is to analyze the meaning behind the experiences of Grade 11 ABM Students who often go
to SM Malls for each subject. To wholly understand the subject's experiences, the researchers set
aside their own feelings and expectations towards the study.

Population and Sampling

Since this research study is about the perspectives and opinions of students about SM
malls, this research study included seven Grade 11 ABM students of New Era University who
are loyal and who go to SM malls as always as this study’s participants. This study also used a
Purposive or Selective Sampling since the participants that the researchers chose are those that
will serve a purpose in this study.

Source of Data

The main data collection instrument that was used was interview. Collins (2007) defined
interview as a formal meeting at which someone is asked questions in order to find out if they are
suitable for a job or a course of study. In the same manner, the interview involves interviewer,
who coordinates the process of the conversation and asks questions and an interviewee who
responds to those questions (Easwaramoorthy&Zarinpoush, 2006). The interview was conducted
at New Era University along with participants who are ABM Grade 11 students. The interview
was divided into three questions: Frequency and number of years of being a customer of SM
Malls, things that were enjoyed when visiting SM malls and things that disappointed the
customers. It did not contain the student-respondents' profile questions.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher began this study by getting permission to the teacher of the participants.
The purpose of the study was explained to them. After getting permission to the students the
researcher asked the consent of the students who will be a participant. The researcher explained
to them why they are conducting an interview, the purpose of the study and why they are the
participants that needed to the study. After the permission of the participants was sought the
researcher asked for permission on using a video recorder. The researcher starts asking the main
questions that needed to the findings and then ask for a follow up questions.

Data Analysis

The interview data were analyzed on the basis of a systematic coding. This type of
analysis consists of a systematic coding or breaking down of data according to a code list. The
coded segments are then grouped and synthesized up into more general categories, which in turn
get linked to more general themes and concepts.

These main categories made from encoding the data or the so called transcript of
interview helps the researchers to come up with the explanation of the phenomenon and this
categories are also related to each other as they all answers the specific questions about the
phenomena. As one codes, and subsequent to coding, we create a data display to manage the
data. The researchers generate themes by linking instances of codes with other codes. The
themes are formed into a narrative about the data. There are numerous legitimate ways to move
from codes to narrative, but the common ingredients are systematic work and adherence to logic.
 Chapter 3

Results

This chapter presented the tables of the results and interpretations of each table. From the
tables and interpretations, the findings of the study or conclusions can be shown here in this
chapter.

Table 1. Influencers

Participants Responses

Participant 1 We always go to SM together with my

mother, brother, and sister.

Participant 3 My mom used to go to SM Malls with me.

Participant 4 I was influenced by my family and friends.

Participant 6 My mom influenced me to go to SM Malls

since she is a supervisor there.

Participant 7 My parents take me there. My friends used to

take me there.

The table 1 shows the influencers or the people who pushed these participants in going to
SM Malls. The first participant said that he was influenced in always going to SM Malls by his
mother, brother and sister to make some bond. The third participant said that he’s going there
because of his mom. The fourth participant said that he was influenced by his family and friends
to go to SM Malls. The sixth participant said that he was influenced by his mom to go in SM
Malls since he’s mom is a supervisor there. And the last participant also said that he was
influenced by his family and friends because they always used to take him in SM Malls. Based
on the responses of the participants, the people who mostly influenced the other people to visit
SM Malls are the family members and also friends.

Table 2. Activities

Participants Responses

Participant 1 We like to stroll around then we always eat

there. Sometimes we buy school supplies
there and also shoes and lastly, we like to
watch movies.

Participant 2 I enjoy watching cinema there, buying some

new things, and eating in some fast food
chains, and also playing in arcade.

Participant 3 I enjoy shopping at SM malls.

The table shows the activities or the things that the participants usually do when they go
to SM Malls which is another attractive factor of the store. Participant 1 stated that they stroll,
eat, buy school supplies and shoes, and also watch movies there. Participant 2, just like the first
participant also enjoyed watching cinemas, buying new things, eating in fast food chains, and
also playing arcade in the mall. Lastly, Participant 3 said he shops at SM Malls. It means that SM
Malls have varieties of stores specifically restaurants, bookstores, department stores, amusement
arcade centers and good cinemas to offer to their customers. Most of the things that a customer
do or the activities they do, are satisfied by SM Malls, which again makes the mall a lot more
attractive to them.

Table 3. Availability

Participants Responses

Participant 1 They are complete in the things that I’m

 looking for. Like when I need some school
supplies as our requirements, I always think
of going to SM. They also have variety of
food there that I wanted to try.

Participant 3 Prices are competitive and affordable. There

are a lot of stores near you. Stocks are always
available and lots of items are in stores. There
are a lot of freebies and discount.

Participant 5 Because the needs and wants of the customers

is already there.

The responses to this category of availability as reflected in Table 3 show that three of the
seven participants indicated that availability is one of the attractiveness factors of SM malls. The
table above shows one of the factors that convinced people to go to SM Malls which is the
availability. It is showed here the different offers that SM Malls have and also this shows the
instantaneity of the products that are being offered by SM Malls. Participant 1 dictates his main
reason for his wishes, the things that the SM Malls are looking for, which means that SM Malls
have a variety of offers that meet the needs and are explicit. Furthermore, participant 3 relies on
the prices that SM Malls can offer, even the status you are in life, because of their
competitiveness, even students can afford. Another participant dictates their needs and wants
which SM Malls have, as well as making it easy to find the stores that everyone needs to buy.

Table 4. Interests

Participants Responses

Participant 1 I always buy books so sometimes I go there

and just do window shopping. My sister and I
like to seek for Paramore t-shirts. I also want
to visit SM to try their food.

Participant 3 I enjoy shopping at SM Malls for dresses and

 other kiddy and educational stuff.

Participant 4 I enjoy beauty products and I also enjoy

looking at furniture products. I also want
make up and dresses that they offer.

Participant 5 I enjoy shopping of clothes and boutiques.

Participant 6 I enjoy the beauty products and I also look for

furniture.

Participant 7 I usually enjoy the products that they offer for

examples the clothes, they are pretty
fashionable and shoes, stuff like that, and
food as well, they are delicious.

This table shows what are the things customer experienced where they fulfilled their
interests when they go to SM Malls. We gather this data by interviewing a total of seven
participants. The first participant said that they are enjoying visiting SM Malls because this mall
satisfies their needs such as buying a book and sometimes they go there and just do window
shopping. The participant also added that he wants to visit SM Malls because of the food that
they want to try. The third participant said that they enjoy shopping at SM Malls because of the
dresses that they want and other kiddy and educational stuff that they see. The fourth participant
said that they enjoy the beauty products that the SM Malls provide which satisfies their interest
and also looking at the furniture products and also make ups. The fifth participant also wants the
beauty products for daily routine. The sixth participants also enjoy visiting the SM Malls because
of the clothes and boutique and also looking for the furniture. And the last participant usually
enjoy the products that they buy because of the clothes seems to be fashionable and pretty and
they also enjoy their interests which SM malls satisfies such as the stuffs that they like and also
the foods that they want.
 Table 5. Memories

Participants Responses

Participant 1 Since I was a child, I used to remember when

my mother always accommodate us, her
children. We had our good times there like
eating food together and strolling around.

Participant 2 When I was a kid, my mom used to go to SM

malls with me looking for dresses and other
kiddy and educational stuff. Then when I
reached my teenage years, I usually go to SM
malls, if only necessary.

Participant 3 I will never forget the time that I fainted in

the mall and my mom brought me to a clinic
there to check if I have a dengue.

Participant 7 For as long as I can remember, my parents

take me there because we like to spend our
time together as a family.

The Table 5 shows the different unforgettable memories that the participants have
encountered when they visited the SM Mall. The first participant stated that he had a memory
where his mother went with his brother, sister and with him to have a quality time together where
they stroll and eat food together. The second participant remembered that when she was still a
kid, her mother used to look for the dresses that might fit her and her mother used to bought her
some kiddy materials and educational stuffs. The third participant recall the time where he
fainted and because his mother sent him to the clinic inside the SM Mall for experts to check on
her, it made a good memory because of the availability of the stores inside the mall. The seventh
participant stated that he had a memory where his parents take him there to spend time together
as a family which then again made a good memory. These memories maybe one of the reasons
on why these people still visit SM malls since they have encountered such good memories there.

Table 6. Environment

Participants Responses

Participant 4 A lot of people go to SM Malls to enjoy and

to release their stress.

Participant 7 We like to spend our time together as family.

The table 6 still shows one of the factors on why SM Malls are a must see places which is
the environment of the mall. This table shows the different feelings or vibes that the participants
have encountered when visiting SM Malls. The fourth participant stated that a reason why people
visit SM Malls is because they want to enjoy and let go of the stress they had which pertains to
the environment of the mall. The seventh participant said that SM Malls provide a quality time
for the family to bond which again pertains to the environment of the SM Malls since these malls
are known to be family oriented malls. The environment of the mall seems to be one of the
factors which attracts the customers to visit the mall.

Table 7. Awful Experiences

Participants Responses

Participant 1 When I went to SM, their books were just

scattered and untidy and when I reached for
customer service if there’s still a stock of
book that I’m looking for, they claimed that
there are still remaining books there but when
I checked, there’s none.

Participant 2 The employees there won’t entertain when

you ask them about stuff. Sometimes, I
encountered especially the restrooms, it’s
 obvious that they are not cleaning it.

Participant 3 Restrooms are very far.

Participant 4 It’s hot and their air conditioner is not open

sometimes.

Participant 5 There is an out of stock products, no drinks

allowed inside the Department Store.

Participant 6 The prices are expensive and yet they still sell
rotten fruits and it was tasteless.

Participant 7 I’ve encountered that there are so many

people there, it’s really crowded and when I
go shopping for clothes sometimes, the
customer service isn’t that great because they
sometimes ignore me.

This table shows what are the awful things customer experienced when they go to SM
Malls. We gather this data by interviewing a total of seven participants. The first participant said
that there were days wherein the nearest SM Mall in their place was untidy and there are stuffs
that are unsure of their stocks if it is available or not. The second participant said that some of the
employees are not entertaining the customers. The participant added that sometimes they
encountered dirty and low sanitation of the restrooms. Third participant said that the restroom are
far that they are out of reach specially when needed. The fourth one responded that there is a
problem in the air conditioner so it is irritably hot. The fifth one said that there are times that the
stocks of products are not enough the participant also complain why customers are not allowed
to bring drinks or any beverages inside the department store . The sixth participant complained
about the expensive range of prices and rotten fruits. The last participant said that SM Malls are
crowded and the customer service are not good in interacting to customers. To sum it up, the
different experiences that they have been disappointed about are the customer service, the
crowdedness of the place, the untidiness of their facilities, the price of their products, the
accessibility of places, the temperature inside the mall, and mostly is the unstoppable state of out
of stock products.

Table 8. Comparison

Participants Responses

Participant 3 I am disappointed and upset to their restroom,

it is very far unlike in Robinson’s mall, there
are restrooms every floor.

The table 9 shows the comparison or the difference between SM Malls and other malls
that was observed by the participants. In this table, a participant implied that the SM Mall is
being compared to Robinson’s mall since there is an easy access of restrooms in Robinson’s
malls than SM Malls. This comparison that was made pointed out that there are still weaknesses
that exist within SM Malls which makes this comparison a strength of other malls that was
compared to SM Malls.

Table 9. Stores

Participants Responses

Participant 1 When I’m in need of school supplies, I think

of going to National Book Store because it
can answer my needs. I also buy some novels
at Book Sale. You can release stress by
watching movies or playing at Storyland.

Participant 2 I like to visit National Book Store and playing

in arcade.

Participant 3 I enjoy shopping at SM Malls, especially in

Department Store, boutiques, and National
 Bookstore.

Participant 4 I enjoy the beauty products in SM Malls that

is located at Watsons. I also enjoy looking at
furniture products on the ground floor of
Department Store. My mom brought me in
Medical City Clinic in the annex when we
have to check if I have dengue.

Participant 5 I love fashion, so I always go to clothes store

like Penshoppe, Bench, and I also have
interests in boutiques like Watsons.

Participant 6 I enjoy the beauty products in SM Malls that

is located at Watsons. I also enjoy looking at
furniture products on the SM Department
Store.

This table presents what are the stores the participants frequently visit when they go to
SM Malls and how these malls provide the needs and wants of the consumers. In ranking the
most frequently visited store as per the first participant said, National Bookstore is the most
frequent visited store. They also visit the Book Sale for their favorite novels and for stress
reliever they watch movie and plays at the storyland. The second store is the Watsons,
specifically the beauty section. The third in ranking as per the participants said are the furniture
in department store where their parents want to go to and as they want to. A participant love
fashions that the fourth visited store offer, the clothing lines such as Penshoppe and Bench.

Table 10. Satisfaction

Participants Responses

Participant 1 For the long time that I’ve been a customer of

SM Malls, although there are awful things
that I’ve experienced, the good experiences
outweigh those bad experiences that’s why
 I’m satisfied already.

Participant 4 I’m satisfied on going to SM Malls because I

always get my wants and needs.

Participant 5 I’m satisfied with the things that I get from

SM Malls.

Participant 7 I’m satisfied on going to SM Malls even

though it’s crowded and it’s actually fun and I
enjoy being in SM Malls.

The table 10 shows how the participants are satisfied in the services of SM Malls by
going there. The first participant that he’s satisfied even though he experienced some awful
things there. He also added that the good experiences that he encountered seems to outweigh the
bad experiences he had. The fourth participant said that he’s satisfied to go there because he
always get what he wants and needs or it simply means that SM Malls satisfied his needs. The
fifth participant also said that he’s satisfied of everything that he buy from there. And the last
participant said that even it’s crowded, he enjoys to go in SM Malls because of fun that he
experiences when he go to SM Malls. Overall, we can conclude from the responses that most
people are satisfied with what SM malls provide even though there are such disappointments that
they have encountered.

Table 11. Recommendations

Participants Responses

Participant 2 They should be more neat in their facilities

and train their employees to be more friendly
to customers and prioritize them.

Participant 3 Make an action about the accessibility of their

restrooms.

Participant 4 Improve the air conditioner facilities.

 Participant 5 When there’s an out of stock, my other option
is maybe to go next time.

Participant 6 They should improve their air conditioner.

Participant 7 I guess they should add more people so that

they can balance the crowded people there.

The last table or the table 11 specifies the different recommendations or solution that
these participants might give or advice to SM Malls based on the disadvantages that these
participants have observed. According to the second participant, he recommended that they
should be more neat in their facilities and train their employees to become a friendly personnel to
their customers. The third participant recommended about the sanitation of the restrooms
because some of the bathrooms in the SM Malls are not usually clean and the participant want
the management to make an action to it. The fourth participant recommended about the
improvement of the air conditioner of the mall because it was observed that the air conditioners
are not producing that much cold temperature. The last participant add a solution that they should
add more staff or personnel because some of the stores are too crowded that they can’t
accommodate many of them and so that they can balance the people out there.
 Chapter 4

Discussion

This chapter shows the conclusions, and recommendations based on the findings in
answer to the problems stated in Chapter 1.

Conclusions

Based on the findings presented, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. The things that make SM malls attractive are how they fulfill or make the interests and
activities that people like worthful, the availability of their products and services, the
good memories that were drawn by visiting this mall, the environment that this mall
brings, and lastly, the stores which can be found inside the mall that provide the people’s
needs and wants.
2. The factors that make SM malls different from others are the comparisons that were made
which makes the SM Malls’ weakness and other side, there were comparisons which
makes the SM Malls’ strengths such as the offers that they give, the stores that were
found inside the mall, and the environment that these mall bring.
3. The SM mall provides products that are considered to be people’s need and wants, the
highly accessible stores that are present in the mall, the satisfaction that people need , and
memories that happened inside the mall which is good enough to remember.
4. The perceptions that was drawn over all was how SM malls helped the people in
satisfying their needs, wants, their emotions or feelings, and how did they made a big
impact on their lives just like having memories and how they made the lives of every
people easier since they provide everything that people need.

Recommendations
 Based on the findings and conclusions of this study, the researchers came up with
recommendations:

For the present and future entrepreneurs, we as researchers recommend that you should
always consider your customers preferences, needs, and wants. The factors that the researchers
stated in the conclusion part should exist in the business that you are planning to build if you
really want your business to succeed and last. These factors that were stated might also help you
in generating ideas in thinking on how will you attract your customers to visit your malls.

For the future researchers, since this study is limited to a specific context and sampled a
small number of participants which are Grade 11 ABM students only, it is recommended for the
future researchers who will conduct the similar study that they may widen the variation of the
sample use for their study to be more accurate and dependable. They should also consider
enlarging the number of participants.
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There are no sources in the current document.

(SM Investments, n.d.)

(SM - Shoemart, n.d.)

(Success Story, n.d.)

(Debek, 2015)

(Eid, 2016)

(Barbara Borusiak, 2018)

(Nilsson, 2017)

(Jhamb, 2015)