Pediatric Nursing

Week 2| Regie P. De Jesus, MAN.

J.R Maasin SN Psychosexual Theory
Growth and Development -Sigmund Freud

Structures of Personality Freud’s psychoanalytical model of personality

 Id
ₒ pleasure principle”
ₒ present at birth, instinctual drive
ₒ aggression, sexual impulses
ₒ Id-driven behaviors are impulsive
unthinking, behavior
ₒ has no regard for rules or social convention
Ex. Eat, sex
 Superego
ₒ Conscience, morality principle
ₒ moral - concept of right and wrong
ₒ perfection principle
ₒ Development between age 3 and 6 yrs old
ₒ Internalizes the values and morals set forth
by primary caregivers ( parents, relatives)
ₒ derives from a system of reward and
punishment
ₒ Parental and social expectations
development stated that individuals go through
five stages of psychosexual development and
that each stage is characterized by sexual
pleasure in parts of the body: the mouth, the
anus, and the genitals.
 sexual energy, a.k.a libido, was the driving
force of human behaviour.
 Libido - gratification > Zone of
Gratification
 children progresses through five stages of
psychosexual development.
ORAL 0-18 months

Ex/ Should not eat yet, should not have sex

ₒ The conscience is formed when the child is

consistently punished for “bad behavior”
ₒ the child learns that is considered morally
right or wrong from feedback received
from parental figures or from society or
culture.
ₒ When the superego becomes rigid and
punitive problems with low self-exteem
arise.
 Ego
ₒ “rational self” or “Reality Principle”
ₒ balancing or mediating force
ₒ Begins to develop between the age of 46
month
ₒ Ego experiences the reality of external
world, adapt to it and respond to it.
ₒ Anxiety resulted from ego’s attempt to
balance id and supergego
Mouth - area of gratification = CRY ( feed,
change diapers, cuddle) CONSISTENCY
ₒ Biting and sucking
ₒ Fixation - stopped in a stage
ₒ Disruption in the physical or emotional
availability of the parent ( eg. Inadequate
bonding or chronic illness)
Notes:
Fellatio - oral sex in male
Cunnilingus - oral sex in female
ANAL 8months - 3 yrs old

 Toilet training
 GENITAL 12/13 yrs old
ₒ Can sit and squat
ₒ ability to remain dry for 2 hours
ₒ verbalize the need to defecate and urinate
ₒ soiled diaper wanted to be changed
immediately
ₒ Willingness to please parents
ₒ Superego is beginning to be formed
 Too much toilet training and punishment
will result to:
ₒ RIGID= OC- Obedient, organized, clean
( can lead to OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE ₒ sexual urges reawaken and are directed to
DISORDER) an individual outside the family circle
ₒ LOOSE=Anti- social- Rebel,dirty, ₒ Sexual intercourse/intimacy
disobedient

PHALLIC 3 - 6 yrs old Psychosocial Theory

-Erik Eriksons

Human Personality in principle develops

according to steps predetermined in the
growing person’s readiness to be driven toward,
to be aware of and to interact with a widening
social radius.

 Erik Erikson’s development model spans

Penis and Vagina area of gratification
ₒ Love of parent of opposite sex
ₒ Oedipal- boy loves mom
ₒ Electra- girl loves dad
ₒ Identification - boy imitates dad
ₒ Boy becomes interested in the penis -
Masturbation is common
ₒ Fear of Castration - fear of body mutilation
ₒ The girl becomes aware of the absence of
the penis known as Penis Envy
LATENT 6 -13 yrs old
the total life cycle from birth to death. He
believed that each each of the eight stages
of development afforded opportunities for
growth and acceptance of death.
 Growth or mastery of critical tasks is the
result of more positive than negative
experiences.
 Non- mastery of tasks inhibits movement
to the next stage.
 Drive of humans to live and grow is
opposed by a drive to return to
comfortable earlier states and behaviors.
 Degree of mastery of each stage is related
to the degree of maturity that the adult
attain Deficits in development interfere
with functioning.

sexual energy decreased

ₒ Hibernation of sexual desires
ₒ attention is diverted to schooling
( academic/sports)
ₒ Separation Anxiety
ₒ Child is busy with reading, writing,
arithmetic
ₒ - formation of superego ( teachers)
 Psychosocial stages: A summary chart
 Eager to apply
 Children either themselves to
learn that the learning socially
world is a safe and Industry vs inferiority productive skills
nurturing place of and tools; thrive
they learn to be
on their
mistrustful and
frightened. accomplishment
 The infant’s and praise
successful
Trust Vs. Mistrust resolution of this  Main task of the
stage requires a adolescent is to
consistent achieve a state of
caregiver who is Identity vs Role identity; to know
available to meet Confusion who he/she s and
his needs. wants to be

 Children begin to  Marked

have some preoccupation with
appearance and
control over their
body image
own bodies (e.g
Intimacy vs Isolation  Exploring
including relationships,
walking, feeding, moving to
and toileting commitment and
which allows for long-term
great relationships (e.g.
independence meaningful
and self friendships and an
Autonomy vs. confidence. intimate
Shame/doubt relationship with
another person;
 The toddler failure brings
develops his/her isolation)
autonomy by
making choices

 Children expand
their world.
Children like to
pretend and try
out new roles.
Fantasy and
imagination
allow them to
further explore
Initiative vs. Guilt their
environment;acq
uire feelings of
competence and
independence
develop
leadership skills.

 Teaching the
child impulse
control and
cooperative
behaviors