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 PREFACE
This Before-During-After (BDA) Reading Strategies in
General Chemistry 1 was made for the grade 12 students who
are taking General Chemistry 1. This module will help the
students understand the competencies of the subject through
different activities. It was also designed to improve the reading
comprehension skills of learners through reading strategies.
The said strategies were incorporated before, during and after
reading. This material is expected to improve the academic
performance of learners especially in problem solving.
The lessons in this module have the following components:

Learning Competencies
This will give the student an idea of the competencies that a
learner should learn in this module.

Reading Time
This part includes activities before, during and after reading
a text.

Discussion Time
This covers lesson/lessons under a particular topic/chapter in
General Chemistry 1.

Activity Time
This comprises activities to practice what the students
learned during discussion time.

Assessment Time
This section is a test to measure the level of mastery of
learners in attaining the learning competencies.

Answer Key
This contains answers to all of the module’s activities.

References
This portion of the module includes all the sources used by
the author.

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 L EARNING
COMPETENCIES
• Write and balance chemical equations.
• Construct mole or mass ratios for a reaction in order to calculate the
amount of reactant needed or amount of product formed in terms of
moles or mass.
• Calculate percent yield and theoretical yield of the reaction.
• Explain the concept of limiting reagent in chemical reaction; identify the
excess reagent(s).
• Determine mass relationship in a chemical reaction.

READING
T IME
ARTICLE TO BE READ: Chemical Reactions
AUTHOR: Christine Stackhouse

BEFORE DURING AFTER

BUILDING BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Prepare a diagram on the things that

you think undergo chemical reactions based on the evidences presented. List
at least one sample per evidence, put it in the diagram.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Change in color Formation of

Bubbles
and odor solid substance
formation
(precipitate)

Evolution of heat Emission of light

1
 BEFORE DURING AFTER

READING DETECTIVES: You are now a close reader. You will be acting reading
detectives. You need to find out the real message of the text by looking for
clues to support the main idea of the text. You will use the annotation symbols
to note some points in the selection. Afterwards, write the annotated word/s in
the table.

ANNOTATION SYMBOLS AND THEIR MEANING

SYMBOL MEANING
______________________________________ These are keywords or details.
They are important.

This is an unfamiliar word for me.

I understand this part.

I don’t understand this part.

I made a connection. I can relate

this with things I know.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
by Christine Stackhouse

“Hello John! Do you know anything about chemical reactions?”

“Unfortunately, I do not know much about chemical reactions.”
“Don’t worry John! I’ll teach you everything you need to know about chemical
reactions!”

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“That would be wonderful Ann!”
“Let’s begin with physical changes. In a physical change, the substances that
are present remain chemically the same and no new substances are formed.
Physical changes are also very easy to reverse.”
“Okay, that’s fairly simple to understand. Can you give me an example?”
“Sure! An example of a physical change would be crumpling a piece of paper.
An ice cube melting or clay being molded into a new shape are also
considered to be physical changes.”
“So, what is a chemical change?”
“I was just getting there! A chemical change is when an elements, compounds,
or molecules combine to form a new substance. The starting materials change
into an entirely different substance or substances. It is important to remember
that the new substance that is formed has a different chemical composition.”
“How would you know that a chemical reaction took place?”
“There are six signs that tell us when a chemical reaction has occurred. A
change in color and in temperature infers that a new substance was formed.
The formation of a gas and the creation of a solid also illustrates a chemical
reaction happened. Lastly, light being emitted and odor being released are
signs of a chemical reaction.
“I know the difference between a physical and chemical change.

SYMBOL MEANING ANNOTATED WORD/S

_____________ These are keywords or
details. They are important.

This is an unfamiliar word

for me.

I understand this part.

I don’t understand this

part.

I made a connection. I can

relate this with things I
know.

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 BEFORE DURING AFTER

VISUALIZATION CHART: Fill the chart of things you visualize upon reading the
text. Answer the following questions and put your answers in the chart.

VISUALIZATION CHART

What I visualize as I
What I visualize What I think as the
read the beginning
based on the title? message of the text?
of the text?

How these images

What I visualize as I What I visualize as I
help in creating the
read the middle of read the ending of
main idea of the
the text? the text?
text?

D ISCUSSION
T IME
Stoichiometry is one of the toughest topics in general chemistry. It is
usually tackled after discussing the parts of atoms and unit conversions. This
lesson was also called as “mass-relative” simply because it focuses on the
relationship of masses in a chemical reaction, or it studies the amount of
substances that are involved in a reaction. This chapter has different topics to
be discussed such as writing and balancing chemical equations, mole and
mass ratios, limiting and excess reagent, and theoretical and percent yield.

LESSON 1: Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations

Everyday, we patronized different commercial products especially for
our daily needs. Do you know that some of these goods are made because of
chemical reactions? Do you know that during the formulation of these
products, scientists are predicting the outcome of their experimentation using
the chemical equation of a reaction? A Chemical equation is a shorthand
method of describing the course of a chemical reaction. In writing a chemical
equation, the following must be taken into consideration:
1. Correct chemical formula of compounds.
2. Substances present in the reactant and product side of the reaction.

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 Reactants are chemicals that are used up in a chemical reaction and are
written on left side of the equation. Chemical reactions produce products,
which are chemicals that are created as a result of the reaction.
3. Single headed arrow ( ), double headed arrow ( ) (used if the
reaction is reversible), or equal sign (=) to separate the two sides of the
chemical equation.
4. Plus sign (+) to separate multiple reactants and products.
5. The phases of substances, (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, (g) for gas and (aq) for
substance in water solution.
6. Delta sign ( )on the top of the arrow to represent heat, the symbol of
catalyst (ex. Platinum – Pt) to speed up the reaction and enzyme to slow
down the reaction.

Here are some additional tips in writing a chemical equation:

a. There are words or terms that are used to know that a substance is a product
these are yield, produce, and form.
b. Naturally found elements such as Hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), Iodine (I2),
Bromine (Br2), Oxygen (O2), Chlorine (Cl2), and Fluorine (F2) should be written
as diatomic molecules when not combine with other elements or
compounds.
c. The word “and” indicates the separation of multiple reactants and products
and it is represented by a plus sign.

Let us try writing the chemical equation of this chemical reaction: An

aqueous solution of Sulfurous Acid is formed when water in the liquid form
combines with Sulfur Dioxide gas. The following steps should be followed.

STEPS PROCESS
Step 1: Identify the
compounds/substances present in Aqueous Sulfurous Acid, liquid
the chemical reaction. Water, Sulfur Dioxide gas

Step 2: Identify the Reactant Product

compounds/substances present in Liquid Water Aqueous Sulfurous
the chemical reaction. Sulfur Dioxide gas Acid

Step 3: Write the chemical formula

of substances in the chemical Reactant Product
reaction. If necessary, write the state H2O(l) H2SO3(aq)
of the substance at the lower right SO2(g)
part of the formula.

Step 4: Write the chemical equation. H2O(l) + SO2(g) H2SO3(aq)

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 Let us try another example: When solid Carbon is burned with excess
Oxygen gas, Carbon dioxide is produced.

STEPS PROCESS

Step 1: Identify the Solid Carbon, Oxygen gas, Carbon

compounds/substances present in dioxide gas
the chemical reaction.

Step 2: Identify the Reactant Product

compounds/substances present in Solid Carbon Carbon dioxide gas
the chemical reaction. Oxygen gas

Step 3: Write the chemical formula Reactant Product

of substances in the chemical C(s) CO2(g)
reaction. If necessary, write the state O2(g)
of the substance at the lower right
part of the formula.

Step 4: Write the chemical equation. C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)

It's important to keep in mind that all chemical equations must be

balanced. Balancing chemical equation is in accordance to the law of
conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created nor
destroyed. This means that the mass of the reactants and products should be
the same. In order to balance the chemical equation, coefficient is used and
it is a whole number written before the chemical formula. To know the
appropriate coefficient, a mathematical procedure may be used and this is
called algebraic method. As we all know, algebra is a field of mathematics
that assists in the representation of problems or situations in the form of
mathematical expressions. Through this method, correct coefficients for
balancing a chemical equation can be calculated. Let us try balancing the
chemical equation CaCO3 + H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + H2CO3 by following these
steps:

STEPS PROCESS
1. Assign undetermined coefficients
aCaCO3 + bH3PO4 cCa3(PO4)2
to each species (e.g. a, b, ….y,
+ dH2CO3
and z) of the unbalanced
equation.

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 List of letters
(undetermined
coefficients) that
Element/
represents the
atom
element or atom
2. Make a list to the track the solution on both sides
of each undetermined coefficient. Reactant Product
Ca a c
C a d
O a and b c and d
H b d
P b c
3. Write a balanced condition for
each element. Take note that the Element/
Balanced Condition
subscript of the element or atom Atom
will serve as coefficient of the Ca a = 3c
assigned letter. The arrow ( ) C a=d
that separates the two sides will be O 3a + 4a = 8c + 3d
represented by an equal sign (=) H 3b = 2d
and to separate multiple reactants P b = 2c
and products use plus (+) sign.
4. Set one of the undetermined
coefficients to the value of 1. Take
note that any undetermined Assumed: a = 1
coefficients can be assumed to
have a value of 1.
5. Use the assume value to solve for
other undetermined coefficients. Solve for d
d=a=1
d=1

Solve for c
3c = a = 1
3c = 1 (divide both sides by 3 to get
the value of c)
3c = 1
3 3
c=1
3

Solve for b
3b = 2d
3b = 2 (1)
3b = 2 (divide both sides by 3 to get
the value of b)

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 3b = 2
3 3
b=2
3

a=1 b=2 c=1 d =1

6. Write the calculated values.
3 3
7. Simplify any factorial solutions a = 1 x 3= 3
through multiplication. Take note b=2x3=2
that coefficient should be integers. 3
In any case that there is a fraction c = 1 x 3 = 1
you need to multiply all numbers 3
by the highest denominator. d=1x3=3
aCaCO3 + bH3PO4 cCa3(PO4)2
+ dH2CO3
8. Substitute the integers to the letters
on step 1. Take note that if the
coefficient is one no need to write
if because it is already assumed to
be 1. 3CaCO3 + 2H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 +
3H2CO3

Reactant Product
# of # of
Element Element
atom atom
9. Count the number of atoms on Ca 3 Ca 3
both sides. C 3 C 3
O 17 O 17
H 6 H 6
P 2 P 2

3CaCO3 + 2H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 +

BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION
3H2CO3

Let us balance another chemical equation:

Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O

STEPS PROCESS
1. Assign undetermined coefficients
to each species (e.g. a, b, ….y,
and z) of the unbalanced aCa(OH)2 + bH3PO4 cCa3(PO4)2
equation. + dH2O

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 List of letters
(undetermined
Element/
coefficients) that
atom
represents the
element or atom
2. Make a list to the track the solution
on both sides
of each undetermined coefficient.
Reactant Product
Ca a c
O a and b c and d
H a and b d
P b c
3. Write a balanced condition for
each element. Take note that the
Element/
subscript of the element or atom Balanced Condition
Atom
will serve as coefficient of the
Ca a = 3c
assigned letter. The arrow ( )
O 2a + 4b = 8c + d
that separates the two sides will be
H 2a + 3b = 2d
represented by an equal sign (=)
P b = 2c
and to separate multiple reactants
and products use plus (+) sign.
4. Set one of the undetermined
coefficients to the value of 1. Take
note that any undetermined Assumed: b = 1
coefficients can be assumed to
have a value of 1.
Solve for c
2c = b = 1
2c = 1 (divide both sides by 2 to get
the value of c)
2c = 1
2 2
c=1
2
Solve for a
a = 3c
5. Use the assume value to solve for
a = 3 (1/2)
other undetermined coefficients.
a = 3/2
Solve for d
2d = 2a + 3b
2d = 2 (2/3) + 3 (1)
2d = 6/2 + 3
2d = 6(divide both sides by 2 to get
the value of d)
2d = 6
2 2
d=3

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 a=3 b=1 c=1 d =3
6. Write the calculated values.
2 2
7. Simplify any factorial solutions a = 3 x 2= 3
through multiplication. Take note 2
that coefficient should be integers. b = 1 x 2 = 2
In any case that there is a fraction c = 1 x 2 = 1
you need to multiply all numbers 2
by the highest denominator. d=3x2=6
aCa(OH)2 + bH3PO4 cCa3(PO4)2
+ dH2O
8. Substitute the integers to the letters
on step 1. Take note that if the
coefficient is one no need to write
if because it is already assumed to
be 1. 3Ca(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2
+ 6H2O

Reactant Product
# of # of
Element Element
atom atom
9. Count the number of atoms on
Ca 3 Ca 3
both sides.
O 14 C 14
H 12 O 12
P 2 H 2

3Ca(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2

BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION
+ 6H2O

LESSON 2 : Mass Relationship in Chemical Reactions

Stochiometric calculation shows the mass relationship of reactants
and products in a chemical reaction. When you say mass relation it pertains
to the ratio of the mass of reactants and products to each other. To perform
stochiometric calculation you must write and balance the chemical equation,
identify the mole ratio or simply the conversion factors to be used and the
molar mass of each substance in the reaction.
Since you already know how to balance a chemical equation, you
must learn how to identify the required conversion factor (mole ratio) to be
used in stoichiometric calculation. The mole ratio is a mathematical
relationship between the amount of moles of any two substances in a
chemical reaction. It will be determined using the coefficient of substances in
a balanced chemical equation.

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Examples
1. Given the balanced equation: 2ZnS + 3O2 2ZnO + 2SO2, what is the
mole ratio of Zinc sulfide and Sulfur dioxide?
Answer: 2 moles of ZnS: 2 moles of SO2 or 2 moles of ZnS or 2 moles of SO2
2 moles of SO2 2 moles of ZnS

2. What is the mole ratio of Hydrogen and Oxygen in this chemical reaction,
2H2 + O2 2H2O?
Answer: 2 moles of H2: 2 moles of H2O or 2 moles of H2 or 2 moles of H2O
2 moles of H2O 2 moles of H2

Another factor that you need to consider in stochiometric calculation

is the molar of a substance. Molar mass pertains to the mass of a substance
(chemical element or chemical compound in grams) divided by its amount
(mol), measured in g/mol. For example, you are about to calculate the molar
mass of sodium chloride (NaCl), all you have to do is multiply the number of
atoms of sodium and chlorine (subscript of element in the compound) by their
atomic masses.
NaCl
1 x 35.45 g/mol = 35.45 g/mol
1 x 22.99 g/mol = 22.99 g/mol
58.44 g/mol molar mass

number of atom
atomic mass

One more example is when you need to get the molar mass of
Phosphoric acid (H3(PO4)2). To know its molar mass, multiply the number of
atom/s of each element by their atomic masses.

H3(PO4)2
Note: Apply
8 x 16.00 g/mol = 128.00 g/mol
2 x 30.97 g/mol = 61.94 g/mol distributive property
of multiplication for
3 x 1.01 g/mol = 3.03 g/mol
PO4
192.97 g/mol

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 Since you already know all the necessary requirements for the
calculation, you can apply these in solving some stochiometric problems by
simply following this:
Given mass (g) x molar mass of the given (mol/g) x mole ratio (number of moles
of substances from the balanced equation) x molar mass of the unknown
(g/mol)
Note: Make sure that the chemical equation is balanced before proceeding
to stoichiometric calculation.

Example 1: How many grams of silver is needed to react with chlorine to

produce 84 grams of Silver chloride? The chemical equation is:
2Ag + Cl2 2AgCl
Solution:
Given: 84g Ag
Unknown: mass of AgCl
84g Ag 1 mol Ag 2 mol AgCl 108g AgCl = 63.2g AgCl
143.5g Ag 2 mol Ag 1 mol AgCl

Mass of the Molar mass Mole ratio Molar mass of Answer

given of the the unknown
given

Example 2: How many grams of Nitrogen dioxide will be produced from 4

moles of Nitric acid? The chemical equation is:
2NO + O2 2NO2
Solution:
Given: 4 mol NO
Unknown: mass of NO2
Note: The given is already in mole, there is no need to get the molar mass of
it.
4 mol NO 2 mol NO2 46g NO2 = 184g NO2
2 mol NO 1 mol NO2

Mass of the Mole ratio Molar mass Answer

given of the
unknwon
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LESSON 3 : Limiting and Excess Reagent
Let us take this lesson with this analogy, you have a party in your house
and you need to prepare 6 ham sandwiches. The ingredients available are 12
slices of tasty bread, 10 slices of ham, 12 pieces lettuce and 12 slices of
tomatoes. In order to prepare one ham sandwich, you need:
2 slices of tasty bread + 2 slices of ham + 2 pieces lettuce +
2 slices of tomatoes
Unfortunately, you prepared only 5 ham sandwiches, what do you think is the
problem? Based on the required ingredients, slices of ham are lacking in order
to prepare the desired number of sandwiches. There are 10 slices of ham but
12 slices are needed. That is why only 5 sandwiches were prepared.
In connection with the lesson, limiting reagent is a reactant that has been
used up in a chemical reaction while the reactant that is not used in the
process are the excess reagents. In the given situation, ham was the limiting
reagent while the remaining ingredients were the excess reagents. In all
chemical reactions, one of the reactants is always the limiting. To determine
the limiting and excess reagents in a chemical reaction the following steps
should be considered:

Determining the limiting and excess reagent.

1. Check the chemical equation of the reaction if balanced.
2. Perform stochiometric calculation to determine the amount of product to
be produced using the amount of reactants.
3. Compare the computed amount of products, the reactant of the lesser
amount is the limiting reagent.

Determining the amount of excess reagent.

4. Calculate the number of grams of excess reagent that completely reacted
with the limiting reagent.
5. Subtract the computed amount of the excess reagent from its original
amount.

Example: What is the limiting reactant and how much of the excess reactant
remains after the reaction of 90.0 grams of FeCl3 and 52.0 grams of H2S? The
balanced chemical equation is:
2FeCl3 + 3H2S Fe2S3 + 6HCl

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Determining the limiting and excess reagent.
1. Check the chemical equation of the reaction if balanced.
The chemical equation is already balanced
2. Perform stochiometric calculation to determine the amount of product to
be produced using the amount of reactants.

90.0g FeCl3 1 mol FeCl3 6 mol HCl 36.5g HCl = 60.8g HCl
162g FeCl3 2 mol FeCl3 1 mol HCl

52.0g H2S 1 mol H2S 6 mol HCl 36.5g HCl = 111g HCl
34.1g H2S 3 mol H2S 1 mol HCl

Note: Any of the products in the reaction can be used for stoichiometric
calculations. In this problem HCl is used.
3. Compare the computed amount of products, the reactant of the lesser
amount is the limiting reagent.
60.8g HCl < 111g HCl
Since 60.8g HCl is less than 111g HCl, the reactant of the lesser amount
is FeCl3 therefore, FeCl3 is the limiting reagent and H2S is the excess reagent.
Determining the amount of excess reagent.
4. Calculate the number of grams of excess reagent that completely reacted
with the limiting reagent.
90.0g FeCl3 1 mol FeCl3 3 mol H2S 34.1g H2S = 28.42g H2S
162g FeCl3 2 mol FeCl3 1 mol H2S

5. Subtract the computed amount of the excess reagent from its original
amount.
52.0g H2S – 28.42g H2S = 23.58g H2S

Amount of excess
reagent

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LESSON 4 : Percent and Theoretical Yield
A scientist always makes a calculation of the product/s to be obtained
in their experiments but in some circumstances the amount of substances
produced are less than what they have expected. To know how successful
the experiment is these scientists compute for the percent yield.
In computing for percent yield, the amount of product formed using
stoichiometry should be determined first and it is called theoretical yield.
Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product formed from the given
amount of reactant while the actual product formed from the completion of
the reaction is called actual yield. To know the ratio of the actual yield to the
theoretical yield is expressed in percentage and it is known as percent yield.
This can be calculated by following this formula:
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
Percent Yield= Theoretical Yield x 100

Example 1: In an experiment, 40.0g KClO3 is heated till it totally decomposes. It

is expected to collect 15.7 grams of oxygen. The experiment is completed, and
the oxygen gas is collected, with a mass of 14.9g. What is the percent yield of
the actual product obtained from the reaction?
14.9 𝑔
Percent Yield = 15.7 g x 100 = 94.90%

Example 2: Phosphorous tribromide is formed when phosphorus reacts with

bromine. What is the percent yield if 35.0 grams of bromine are reacted and
27.9 grams of phosphorous tribromide are formed? The balanced chemical
equation is:
2P + 3Br2 2PBr3

Solution:
Calculate the theoretical yield through stochiometric calculation.
35.0g Br2 1 mol Br2 2 mol PBr3 270.69g PBr3 = 39.5g PBr3
159.81g Br2 3 mol Br2 1 mol PBr3

Solve for the percent yield.

27.9 𝑔
Percent Yield = 39.5 g x 100 = 70.63%

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 ACTIVITY
T IME

ACTIVITY 1

I. WRITE MY EQUATION: Determine the reactants and products by writing the

chemical formula of each substance in the chemical reaction then write its
chemical equation. Write your answer in the table.

Word Equation
1. Potassium hydroxide reacts with Sulfuric acid. Potassium sulfate and water
are formed in the reaction.
2. Iron and Chlorine gas react to make Iron three chloride.
3. Copper reacts with Oxygen to produce Copper two oxide.
4. Zinc and Lead two nitrate make Zinc nitrate and Lead metal.
5. Adding Sodium oxide to water produces Sodium hydroxide.

Reactant Product Chemical Equation

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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II. BALANCE ME: Balance the chemical equations in the previous activity using
algebraic method. Write your solution in the box.

1. ____________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________

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ACTIVITY 2
FILL IN THE BLANK: Given the balanced chemical equations, fill in the blank
the required values to solve the stoichiometric problems.
A. 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
1. How many moles of Oxygen (O2) are formed when 1.65 moles of KClO3
decomposes?
1.65 mol KClO3 _____ mole O2 = _____ mol O2

_____ mol KClO3

2. How many moles of KClO3 are needed to make 3.50 moles of KCl?
3.50 mol KCl _____ mole KClO3 = _____ mol KClO3

_____ mol KCl

3. How many moles of KCl will be formed from 2.73 moles of KClO3?
_____ mol KClO3 _____ mole KCl = _____ mol KCl

_____ mol KClO3

B. 4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3

4. How much of Fe2O3 is produced when 42.7 grams of Fe is used up in the
reaction?
42.7 g Fe ____ mol Fe ___ mol Fe2O3 ___ g Fe2O3
= ___ g Fe2O3

_____ g Fe ____ mol Fe ___ mol Fe2O3

5. How many grams of O2 are needed to completely react with 125 grams of
Fe?
125 g Fe ____ mol Fe ___ mol O2 ___ g O2
= ___ g O2

_____ g Fe ____ mol Fe ___ mol O2

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ACTIVITY 3
WHO LIMITS THE PROCESS: Solve the following problems on limiting reagent.
Put your answer on the space provided.
1. Balance the equation:
___C3H8 + ___O2 ___CO2 + ___H2O

Solution

2. If 14.8 g of C3H8 reacted to 3.44 g O2 to form water, which is the limiting

reagent?
14.8 g C3H8 ____ mol C3H8 ___ mol H2O ___ g H2O
= ___ g H2O

_____ g C3H8 ____ mol C3H8 ___ mol H2O

3.44 g O2 ____ mol O2 ___ mol H2O ___ g H2O

= ___ g H2O

_____ g O2 ____ mol O2 ___ mol H2O

Limiting reagent: ______________

3. How much of the excess reagent is left?
3.44 g O2 ____ mol O2 ___ mol C3H8 ___ g C3H8
= ___ g C3H8

_____ g O2 ____ mol O2 ___ mol C3H8

___ g C3H8 - ___ g C3H8 = ___ g C3H8 (remain)

19
ACTIVITY 4
PROBLEM SOLVING: Solve the following problems on percent and theoretical
yields. Put your answers on the space provided.
1. Determine the percent yield of a reaction with a theoretical yield of 3.76 g
and a real yield of 1.45 g.

Solution:

2. What was the theoretical yield if 2.5 g of K3PO4 was generated in the
reaction below and the percent yield was 45 percent?
3 KOH + H3PO4 K3PO4 + 3 H2O

Solution:

3. What was the percent yield of a reaction if the actual yield was 0.567 g
and the theoretical yield was 0.750 g?

Solution:

4. What was the actual yield of a reaction with a 65.0 percent yield and a
theoretical yield of 0.652 g of CO2?

Solution:

20
5. Calculate the theoretical yield of a reaction that yielded 4.5 g of a 38
percent yield product.

Solution:

ASSESSMENT
T IME
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer
on the space provided before the number.
_____1. The substances to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation
are called _____.
A. product B. reactant C. subscript D. coefficient
_____2. Which of the following is TRUE in a balanced chemical reaction?
A. Atoms are conserved C. A and B are both correct
B. Mass is conserved D. Only A is correct
_____3. What is the sum of the coefficients in the equation:
2 KClO3 → 2 KCl + 3 O2
A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
_____4. When iron nail is placed in water, a chemical reaction causes the
nail to rust. What are the reactants in this reaction?
A. iron and oxygen C. iron and hydrogen
B. iron and rust D. iron and water
_____5. Magnesium metal reacts with aqueous iron (III) chloride to
produce aqueous magnesium chloride and iron metal.
a Mg(s) + b FeCl3(aq) → c MgCl2(aq) + d Fe(s).
What are the respective values of the coefficients a, b, c and d?
A. 1, 2, 1, 2 B. 3, 2, 3, 2 C. 3, 1, 3, 2 D. 1, 3, 2, 3
_____6. The limiting reagent in a chemical reaction is one that _____.
A. has the largest molar mass (formula weight)
B. has the smallest molar mass (formula weight)
C. has the smallest coefficient
D. is consumed completely
_____7. In a "limiting reagent" problem, is it okay to ignore coefficients in
the equation?
A. yes B. no C. sometimes D. maybe
_____8. Reactant that is not consumed in a chemical reaction is ______.
A. limiting B. excess C. deficient D. sufficient

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_____9. After a reaction was run, there were 12.7 grams of reagent B left
over. Reagent B is the _____.
A. superfluous B. excess C. limiting D. extra
_____10. A student proposed an equation for the reaction that takes
place when a piece of magnesium is burned in air to produce
the white powder called magnesium oxide.
Mg(s) + O2(g) → MgO(s) , which statement is TRUE?
A. The equation is unbalanced with respect to charge
B. The equation contains a mistake in phase notation
C. The equation contains one or more incorrect formulas
D. The equation is unbalanced with respect to number of atoms
_____11-12. The chemical formula of monosodium glutamate, known as
vetsin is C5H8O4NNa. What is its molar mass in g/mole? (C= 12
g/mol; H=1 g/mol; O = 16 g/mol; N= 14 g/mol; Na = 23 g/mol;
Na = 23 g/mol)
A. 20 B. 169 C. 174 D. 338
_____13-14. If 4 g of substance A combines with 5 g of substance B to
make 6 g of substance C and some D, how many grams of D
would you expect?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
_____15-16. How many moles of oxygen atoms are found in 64 g of
oxygen?
A. 2.0 moles B. 3.0 moles C. 4.0 moles D. 6.0 moles
_____17-18. The formula weight of NaCl is 58 g/mol. How many grams of
NaCl are there in 1.5 moles of this compound?
A. 87 g B. 39 g C. 20 g D. 10 g
_____19-20. Seventy-five grams (75g) of C12H22O11 is used in a chemical
reaction. How many moles of that compound is used in the
reaction?
A. 0.22 mole B. 0.13 mole C. 0.33 mole D. 0.32 mole

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