INTRODUCTION

Cardiovascular system is the system that circulates blood and lymph through the
body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, blood lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and
glands. It permits the body to live and be healthy. But sometimes, the heart gets some
difficulties due to diseases which can block its functioning. In the lines below, we are going to
talk about the characteristics of heart organ, the role of heart organ, its disfunctioning, the
causes of heart disfunctioning, the negative consequences of heart disfunctioning, and the
solutions to keep heart healthy.

1- THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HEART ORGAN

The human heart is a four-chambered muscular organ, shaped and sized roughly
like a man’s closed first with two-third of the mass to the left of midline. The heart we
enclosed in a pericardial sac, is lined with the parietal layers of a serous membrane. The
visceral layer of the serous membrane forms the epicardium. This image below shows the
different characteristics of a heart organ:

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 1.2-Layers of the heart wall
Three layers of tissue form the wall. The outer layer of the heart wall is the
epicardium, the middle layer is the myocardium, and the inner layer is the endocardium.

1.3-Chambers of the heart

The internal cavity of the heart is divided into four chambers:

❶ Right atrium
❷Right ventricle
❸Left atrium
❹Left ventricle

The two atria are thin-walled chambers that receive blood from the veins.
The ventricles are thick-walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart.
Differences in thickness of the heart chamber walls are due to variations in the
amount of myocardium present, which reflects the amount of force each chamber is
required to generation. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from systemic
veins; the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

1.4-Valves of the heart

Pumps need a set of valves to keep the fluid flowing in one direction and the heart
is no exception. The heart has two types of valves that keep the blood flowing in correct
direction. The valves between the atria and ventricle are called atrioventricular valves.
The right atrioventricular valve is the tricuspid valve. The left atrioventricular valve is the
bicuspid, or mitral valve. The valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk is the
pulmonary semilunar valve.

1.5- Blood supply to the Myocardium

The myocardium of the heart wall is a working muscle that needs a continuous
supply of oxygen and nutrients to function efficiently. For this reason, cardiac muscle has an
extensive network of blood vessels to bring oxygen to the contracting cells and to remove
waste products. The right and left coronary arteries, branches of the ascending aorta, supply
blood to the walls of the myocardium. After blood passes through the capillaries in the
myocardium, it enters a system of cardiac (coronary) veins. Most of the cardiac veins drain
into the coronary

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sinus, which opens into the right atrium.
After discovering the characteristics, what can be the role of heart organ?

2- THE ROLE OF HEART ORGAN

The heart is the primary organ of the circulatory system. It pumps blood throughout the
body, controls the heart rate and maintains blood pressure. The heart organ is a bit like a
house. It has walls, rooms, doors, plumbing and an electrical system.
The heart works with other body systems to control the heart rate and other body
functions. The primary systems are:

● Nervous system: the nervous system helps control the heart rate. It sends
signals that tell the heart to beat slower during rest and faster during stress.

● Endocrine system: The endocrine system sends out hormones. These

hormones tell the blood vessels to constrict or relax, which affects the blood pressure.
Hormones from the thyroid gland can also tell the heart to beat faster
or slower. There many parts of heart which have a special role such as :

● Heart walls: they are the muscles that contract (squeeze) and relax to send
blood throughout the body.

● Heart valves: the heart valves are like doors between the heart chambers. They
open and close to allow blood to flow through.

3- DISFUNCTIONING OF HEART ORGAN

Heart disfunctioning is a condition in which the fails to function properly. When

we talk about heart disfunctioning, it is when one or more chambers of the heart fail to keep
up with the volume of blood flowing through them.
Heart disfunctioning is brought on by a variety of underlying diseases and health problems.
Heart dicfunctioning causes two types of heart failure:

● Systolic Heart Failure. This is the most common cause of heart failure and
occurs when the heart is weak and enlarged. The muscle of the left ventricle loses some of its
ability

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to contract or shorten. In turn, it may not have the muscle power to pump the amount of
oxygenated and nutrient-filled blood the body needs.

● Diastolic Failure: the muscle becomes stiff and loses some of its ability to
relax. As a result, the affected chamber has trouble filling with blood during the rest period
that occurs between each heartbeat. Often the walls of the heart thicken, and the size of the
left chamber may be normal or reduced.
The disfunctioning of the Right heart may occur alone but is usually a result of left-side
failure. When the left ventricle fails, fluids back up in the lungs. In turn, pressure from excess
fluid can damage the heart’s right side as it works to pump blood into the
lungs. Now what causes the disfunctioning of heart organ?

4- CAUSES OF HEART DISFUNCTIONING

This is a main cause

There are many causes which can provoke the disfunctioning of the heart organ.
Mainly the diseases bound to the heart:

● Coronary artery disease: the coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with
blood. If these become blocked or narrowed, the flow of blood diminishes, and the heart does
not receive the blood supply that it needs.

● Heart attack: this involves damage to the heart muscle. It can result from a
sudden blockage of the coronary arteries. Possible causes include genetic conditions, drug
side effects, and infections.

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 ● Condition that overwork the heart: example include valve disease, high blood
pressure, diabetes, kidney disease sleep apnea, and heart irregularities present at birth.
We have also obesity, smoking, anemia, thyroid problems, including hyperthyroidism
and hypothyroidism. All these can lead to the disfunctioning of the heart organ. But what
negative consequences can the dictioning of heart organ have?

5- THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF HEART DISFUNCTIONING

A heart which is not functioning correctly may have many negative

consequences. When there is a disfunctioning of the heart, the heart may not be strong enough
to pump out as much blood as the body needs. As it tries to move more blood, the heart gets
larger. It also pumps faster, and the blood vessels narrow to get more blood out to the body.
As the heart works harder, it may become weaker. The body gets less oxygen, and you might
notice symptoms like shortness of breath, swelling in your legs, and fluid buildup. Also if the
heart doesn’t function well, it can cause Anemia, cough, swell, general weakness. But if there
is no care, the person can die easily.
This is a result of tests of heart disfunctioning below:

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 6- SOME SOLUTIONS TO KEEP HEART HEALTHY

Although you can’t control some risk factors like age, family history, or race, it is
possible to change your lifestyle to give yourself the best chance of preventing heart failure.
Things you can do to keep your heart healthy include: eating foods that are good for your
heart, exercising regularly, managing your stress, stopping the use of tobacco products, not
drinking alcohol, not using recreational drugs. All these above can keep your heart healthy.

CONCLUSION

To conclude, we can keep in mind that the heart organ plays an important part in
the body.it is also the only organ that brings the blood to the body. And there are many causes
which provoke the heart disfunctioning. But many solutions have been given which can
permit to keep the heart healthy when following them.

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ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

https://my.clevelandclinic.org

https://www.news-medical.net

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com

https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org