Introduction to Peer-

To-Peer Networks
Author : Pooya Sagharchi Ha
November 28, 2014

1
 Agenda
• Computer Network Architecture
• Client-Server
• Peer-To-Peer
• Intro Client-Server
• Definition
• Architecture
• Limitation
• Intro Peer-To-Peer
• Definition
• Architecture
• Benefits and Weakness
• Peer-To-Peer Application
• Intro Napster
 Architecture
!

Client-Server

Peer-To-Peer( P2P )

Hybrid
 Client-Server Definition

In the client-server model,

two process are involved:

Client

Server
Client-Server Architecture

Well known, powerful, reliable server is a data source

Clients request data from server

Very successful model

www ( HTTP ), FTP, Web Service, etc.

Client-Server Limitations

Scalability is hard to achieve

Presents a single point of failure

Requires administration
 Peer-To-Peer History

Peer-To-Peer is most commonly known as P2P

Peer-To-Peer file sharing became popular in 1999 with

the introduction of Napster.
Peer-To-Peer Definition

Intel : The sharing of computer resources

and services by direct exchange between
systems.

about sharing : A peer gives some

resources and obtain other resources in
return.
Peer-To-Peer Architecture

All nodes are both clients

and servers

Provide and consume data

No centralized data
source

Divide two parts :

Pure, Hybrid
 Pure Vs Hybrid
Pure P2P :

No centralized server

All peers talk to each other

Hybrid P2P:

just one server for name resolution

pourepose
 Peer-To-Peer Benefits
The main benefit of P2P is easier to set-up.

All nodes are act as server as well as client

The system the ability to easily scale to any size

There is no single point of failure in the

networks

The P2P network is less expensive

Peer-To-Peer Weakness

Security

The high bandwidth usage required

Files and resources are not centrally

organised into a specific ‘ shared area’
 P2P Applications

File sharing (Napster, Gnutella, Kazaa)

Multiplayer games (Unreal Tournament,

DOOM)

Distributed computation (Seti@home)

Ad-hoc networks
 Napster
Away to share music files with
others

Users upload their list of files to

Napster server

You send queries to Napster

server for files of interest

Napster server replies with IP

address of users with matching
files

You connect directly to user A to

download file
Any Questions ?!