NAME: Trisha Mae E.

Bujalance PE 3 - Individual and Dual Sports

ACTIVITY 2: CHESS TERMINOLOGIES AND CHESS PIECES MOVEMENTS

Define the following terms. Describe the movement of the chess pieces.

1. Bishop
• A bishop is a chess piece with a slit cut into it and a rounded top. On a chessboard, there are
four bishops altogether, two for each player. On the row closest to each player on the
chessboard, the kingside bishop is positioned between the king and the knight, and the
queenside bishop is positioned between the knight and the queen. In terms of relative value,
a chess bishop is equivalent to a knight with a value of three. Its value is lower than that of a
rook because the latter can travel both horizontally and vertically and is not constrained by
the color of its square. Aside from the king and queen, only this piece has the ability to move
diagonally at any time.
• The bishop chess piece can move diagonally in any direction. A bishop can move an unlimited
number of squares on the chessboard as long as no other piece is in its way, according to the
rules of the game. By landing on the square occupied by an enemy piece, bishops encircle and
take the target piece. Bishops who start on light squares can only move on squares of that
hue, while bishops who start on black squares can only move on squares of that color. Both
of them are frequently referred to as light square and dark square bishops.
2. Castling
• Castling is a special move to protect your king and activate your rook. It's the only time in
chess you can move two pieces in one move. The king moves two squares to the right or left
and the rook moves directly to the other side of the king. You can only castle if neither the
rook or king have moved and there are no pieces in the way. You can also not castle when in
check, into check or through check.

• Castling involves the king and a rook. As mentioned, there are many rules to castling: The
first is that you may only castle if you haven't moved your king and your rook (on the side
where you want to castle). The second rule is that no piece can be between your king and
the rook on the side where you want to castle. Castling is one of those special moves in
chess that you need to know to play properly. It is the only time you get to move two
pieces at the same time and each player is only allowed to castle once, under certain
conditions. The move is crucial, but it is also simple to learn. There are two types: Kingside
castling – where the White king goes two spaces to his right, and on the other side of the
board the Black king can go two spaces to his left. Queen-side castling – similar in that the
king moves two spaces but this time the White king goes left and the Black king goes right.

3. Check
• In chess, a check is a direct attack against an opponents king, signaling that the king is in
danger from one of the enemy’s pieces
• A check is the result of a move that places the opposing king under an immediate threat of
capture by one (or occasionally two) of the player's pieces. Making a move that checks is
sometimes called "giving check". Even if a piece is pinned against the player's own king, it
may still give check. When a king is attacked, it is called check (written as "+" in chess
notation). Check can be viewed as saying "Watch out! The king is attacked!" Since a
king can never be captured, the term "check" is used when a king is threatened.

4. En Passant
• En passant is one of those special chess rules that can surprise the less experienced
players. Make sure you know everything about this rule, so you don't get caught off
guard!. The en passant rule is a special pawn capturing move in chess. "En passant" is
a French expression that translates to "in passing", which is precisely how this capture
works. Pawns can usually capture only pieces that are directly and diagonally in front
of them on an adjacent file. It moves to the captured piece's square and replaces it.
• En passant can be a great way to advance a pawn you plan to promote, but if that same
pawn is the linchpin in your position, moving it off its file could cause your whole strategy
to collapse. Just because it’s rare and in the rules of chess doesn’t mean en passant is
always the strongest move. That said, it’s an important rule to be aware of, if only so that
a canny opponent doesn’t catch you unaware.

5. King
• The king is the game's most crucial component. It is, however, also the least effective. The
king is limited to one square of movement in all directions, including sideways and
backward. The castling move is a unique and exceptional move that is only available to
the king. Never can the king place himself in a risky situation. The defeat of your King
 would signal that the fight had been won by your opponent because the goal of the game
is to trap the King. The cross that sits atop the King's crown makes him simple to identify.
The King is also the piece on the board that is the tallest and most imposing.
• Despite being the most significant piece on the board, the King moves extremely slowly.
Only one square can be moved by him in any direction, including forward, backward, left,
right, and diagonally. The King is not particularly powerful since he moves so slowly. He is
unable to flee the enemies swiftly, therefore he must rely on his devoted troops to defend
him.

6. Knight
• Due to its peculiar movement, the knight is one of the strongest pieces on the chessboard.
Knowing the fundamentals of the knight can help you create strong opportunities early in
the game and position yourself for checkmate late in the game. In the game of chess, a
knight is a piece that is typically fashioned like a horse. The chess game begins with two
knights for each player. Place the knights between the bishop and the rook on the row
closest to each player while assembling your chess set. The value of a chess knight is three
points, making it equivalent to the value of a bishop.
• Comparatively speaking, the knight moves differently from other chess pieces. Knights
can move two squares in any direction vertically, followed by one square in any way
horizontally, or two squares in any direction horizontally, followed by one square in any
direction vertically, as opposed to other pieces, which can only travel in straight lines. The
only piece in the game of chess that can "jump over" other pieces, whether they are black
or white, is the knight. By putting an enemy piece on their square, knights can take it. A
knight starting on a white square will always wind up on a black square, and vice versa,
due to its L-shaped mobility

7. Mate
• When a king is attacked, it is called check. A checkmate (also known as "mate") occurs
when a king is placed in check and has no legal moves to escape. When a checkmate
happens, the game ends immediately, and the player who delivered the checkmate wins.
Checkmating your opponent should be your top priority since this will ensure your victory
even if you have less material or if you have had a worse position throughout the game.
In the position below we can see that White has less material but is able to deliver
checkmate. In olden times, there was no need to alert the opponent if their king was
under attack, allowing players to capture each other's king if they were not paying
attention to the game. Nowadays, it's illegal to leave a king under attack, and you can't
move it to a square that is attacked by your opponent. Because of that, the only way to
"capture" a king and end the game is by trapping it. Checkmating your opponent is one of
three ways you can win a chess game. You can also win the game if your opponent resigns
or if they run out of time.

8. Pawn
• Pawns are the most fundamental and basic chessmen in the entire game, in many aspects.
Even while pawns may appear unassuming, pawn placement and tactics frequently
determine whether a chess game is won or lost. The most prevalent chess piece on the
chessboard is the pawn. There are sixteen pawns in total in chess sets. Eight pawns are
placed on the second rank for each player at the start of the game in front of the rooks,
 bishops, knights, queen, and king. Due of their restricted mobility, pawns are regarded as
the weakest piece in the game of chess.
• Pawns typically advance one space at a time. The only piece that can never move
backward is a pawn. Chess regulations, however, can be confusing and intricate, especially
for novices. Pawns are subject to a number of particular regulations that have an impact
on their ability to move across the board.

9. Promotion
• In chess, promotion is the replacement of a pawn with a new piece. It occurs immediately
when the pawn moves to its last rank. The player chooses the new piece to be a queen,
rook, bishop, or knight of the pawn's color.[1] The new piece does not have to be a
previously captured piece.[2] Promotion is mandatory; the pawn cannot remain as a
pawn.
• Promotion to a queen is known as queening; promotion to any other piece is known as
underpromotion.[3] Promotion is almost always to a queen, as it is the most powerful
piece. Underpromotion may be done for various reasons, such as to avoid stalemate or
due to the knight's unique movement pattern. Promotion or the threat of it often decides
the result in an endgame.

10. Queen
• The queen, which combines the motions of the rook and the bishop into one piece, is the
most potent piece in chess and one of the most recognizable pieces in any board game in
terms of pure might. It is the most valuable piece in the game of chess in terms of material.
The queen is a particular component, just like the king, with skills appropriate for its
unique function. However, previous chess sets did not contain a queen in any way. It used
to be one of the weakest chess pieces and was originally known as the counsellor, vizier,
or fers. The queen did not become what it is today until the fourteenth century. This
variant was first created in Spain and was known as "Queen Chess."
• The queen has the widest range of lawful moves in the game of chess since she can move
any quantity of vacant squares in any direction — horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
The only piece that can move an unlimited number of squares in any direction is the
queen, whereas rooks and bishops can only move along their designated axes. In other
words, the queen is more useful than either piece individually or even both of them taken
together because its moves combine those of the bishop and the rook. The queen does
not have any unique moves, unlike the rook, king, and pawn. Also keep in mind that the
queen can never jump over adversary pieces because no other chess piece can move like
the knight can.

11. Rook
• Even though a tower or castle is frequently shown in chess sets, the rook was originally
represented by a chariot in previous iterations of the game. A rook is regarded as a large
piece in terms of relative worth (the contemporary name is derived from the Persian word
for chariot, rukh). It typically costs five pawns, two more pawns than a bishop or knight
(both of which are considered small pieces), and a tad less than two bishops or two
knights. One pawn considers two rooks to be significantly stronger than a single queen. It
is actually the second-most valuable non-king piece in the board game, behind the queen.
• A rook may advance any number of occupied places along ranks or files (i.e., horizontally
or vertically). The rook captures an enemy piece by taking up space in its area, just like
 other pieces do. The rook is a powerful piece in chess because it may move any number
of squares in a straight line, but it frequently takes several turns for that power to carefully
grow from their starting position.

12. Stalemate
• In chess, a stalemate occurs when a player is unable to move and forces a draw. Since it yields
only minimal points, you should avoid a stalemate whenever possible. Fortunately, you can
foresee a possible stalemate and prevent it from happening. A stalemate can also happen
during an endgame scenario when very few pieces are left on the board. On occasion, it can
also take place during the middlegame, when each player has moved their king to safety and
developed most of their major pieces.
• Stalemate doesn't benefit a winning side in a game, but it can be an important defensive
measure for the weaker side, as in some cases, the game ends with a half-point to the
stalemating player rather than zero points. But it's also a controversial decision: for some
players, a stalemate can't be a draw because it forces zugzwang, a scenario in which all
variations on a player's next move will end with the loss of a piece.