GROUP 3

MODERN
PERIOD OF
PHILOSOPHY

Presented by:

Kent Jude Nercuit

Jet Richbee Lapidez
Lindsay Marie Limosnero
Marvic S. Manigos
James Monteza
Derick S. Lavandero

MODERN PERIOD OF PHILOSOPHY

 It is philosophy developed in the modern era and associated with modernity. It is
not a specific doctrine or school (and thus should not be confused with Modernism),
although there are certain assumptions common to much of it, which helps to distinguish
it from earlier philosophy. The modern period of philosophy begins in the 17th century.
This course is an introduction to some of the key elements in the thought of some of the
great philosophers of this period: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Hobbes, Locke, Hume,
Berkeley, Kant, Marx, and Wittgenstein.

Where did it began?

Early modern philosophy begin with René Descartes' Meditationes de Prima
Philosophiae (Meditations on First Philosophy) in Paris in 1641 and conclude with the
mature work of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant in the 1780s.

What is the focus of modern period in philosophy?

The Key hallmarks of "Modern" philosophy are: Focus on issues of knowledge,
skepticism, justification. Rationalism and Reliance on science. Individualism.

These are one of the three great early modern rationalists:

René Descartes is a great french mathematician and has been

heralded as the first modern philosopher. He is famous for having
made an important connection between geometry and algebra,
which allowed for the solving of geometrical problems by way of
algebraic equations. He is often known as the “Father of Modern
Philosophy”.
(He was a creative mathematician of the first order, an important scientific
thinker and an original metaphysician. Commonly known for his
philosophical statement, according to him, “I think, therefore I am.”

Baruch Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher, one of the foremost

exponents of 17th century rationalism and one of the early and
seminal figures of the Enlightenment. He is best known for his
Ethics, a monumental work that presents an ethical vision
unfolding out of a monistic metaphysics in which god and nature
are identified.
(Spinoza is best known for identifying god with nature. He does not see god
as the transcendent creator of the world. Rather, he views him as the same
as nature itself. So, Spinoza’s philosophy is that “God is not part
of the world, but that the world is part of god.”)
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (also Leibnitz or von Leibniz) (1646 - 1716) was a German
philosopher, mathematician, scientist and polymath of the Age of Reason. He made
substantial contributions to a host of different fields such as mathematics, law, physics,
theology, and most subfields of philosophy. Within the philosophy of mind, his chief
innovations include his rejection of the Cartesian doctrines that all mental states are
conscious and that non-human animals lack souls as well as sensation.

Philosophers of this period:

Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher, considered to be one of

the founders of modern political philosophy. Hobbes is best known for
his 1651 book Leviathan, in which he expounds an influential
formulation of social contract theory. In addition to political
philosophy, Hobbes contributed to a diverse array of other fields,
including history, jurisprudence, geometry, theology, and ethics, as
well as philosophy in general.

John Locke (1632 - 1704) was one of the greatest philosophers in

Europe at the end of the 17th century. He is an English philosopher
and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of
Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of
Liberalism". Considered one of the first of the British empiricists,
following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, Locke is equally
important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the
development of epistemology and political philosophy.

David Hume (1711-1776) was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher,

historian, economist, librarian and essayist, who is best known today
for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism,
skepticism, and naturalism.