Communication
in the activity
-is an act of transferring information from one place to
another.
-according to wood (2004), communication is a systematic
process which individuals interacts through symbols.
Communication is PROCESS
-creative condition of life, a process that changes as the
communication environment changes.
Communication is SYSTEMATIC
- It occurs within system of interacting parts.
Communication is SYMBOLIC
- Action true symbol, symbol verbal non-verbal are the
basis of the language.
Verbal communication refers to the words of speech in
sending message
Nonverbal communication refers to gestures.
Elements of communication:
Sender - source of information
Encoding - act of assembling the message
Message - the main part of having communication
Channel - means of delivering the message
Receiver - decodes the message to formulate a response
Decoding - the process of receiver interpreting the
message
Feedback - response reaction of receiver
Communication noise - barrier to the effectiveness of
communication
Context - environmental message
Model of communication
-conceptual representation that is used to explain the
communication process
-each models offers a different perspective on the
communication process
Linear communication model
-Presents communication as a one-way activity in which
information flows from the receiver
-shows only a passive receiver
-feedback is not part of the process
Interactive communication model
-Two way activity, sender and receiver has the same role
-Involves feedback, Includes noise affect the interpretation
of the message
Transactional communication model
- Presents communication or simultaneous activity,
Sender and receiver is capable of both.
Barriers to communication is anything that comes in the
way of receiving and understanding message that one
sends to another to convey his ideas, thoughts or any kind
of information. This various barriers of communication
block or interfere with the message that someone is trying
to send.
Emotional barriers refers on how a person feels in a
situation
Use of jargon specialized vocabulary in a certain field
Lack of confidence when a person does not have trust in
oneself
Noisy environment potential interactions of the flow of
information
Cultural noise making stereotypical assumptions
Psychological noise certain attitudes can also make
communication difficult
Environmental noise, noise that physically disrupts
communication
Psychological impairment noise such as deafness
blindness
Semantic noise has different interpretations of sender
and receiver
Syntactical noise interrupts disrupts mistake in grammar
Organizational noise how clear the direction and
instruction is
Communication process is the steps we take in order to
successfully communicate.
Sender (noise)-encoding (noise)-message-channel
(noise)-receiver (noise)-receives (noise)-decoding
(noise)-feedback (noise)
Functions of communication
Regulation/Control -As a function of communication
means being able to use language gestures and emotions
to manage individual or group activities.
Motivation - as a function of communication means
communication allows people to express thoughts
opinions to build to encourage people to improve.
Social interaction -entails communication to build - uses the complex grammatical sentence structure and
connections with other people it improves the life by vocabulary known only to experts in a particular speech.
connecting individuals to individuals.
E.g. Pledge of Allegiance, Weddings
Information Use- is concerned with understanding what
information sources people choose and the ways in which Formal Style
people apply information to make sense of their situation. -It uses formal words and expressions.
Most instrumental when a decision maker uses financial
data to inform a budget decision or it can be effective E.g. Job Interviews, business trip, dinner party
influence how people feel.
Consultative style
Emotional Expression- refers to how one conveys
- known as the third level of language
emotional experience through both verbal and nonverbal
behaviour. According to gross 1998 b, 1999: It is - Unplanned speech
distinguished from emotional experience in that is possible
to experience motion without expressing them. - uses listener participation and feedback

Types of speech context Casual or informative style

Intrapersonal - refers to communication that centers on - used in conversations between friends and insiders you
one person where the speaker acts both sender and the have something to share and have shared background
receiver of the message. information.

Message (thoughts and feelings) – channel (brain) - - is free and easy participation of both speaker and
feedback (as you talk to yourself) listener.

Interpersonal - refers to communication between and Intimate style

among people and establishes personal relationship
- used between people who are very close and know each
between and among them.
other very well.
DYAD Communication - communication that occurs
E.g. telling your gf/bf you love them
between two people
Speech
Small Group - communication that involves at least three
but not more than twelve people engaging into face-to- -it is human nature to express thoughts and emotions.
face interaction. Speech are more formal than talking or usual
conversations.
Public - refers to communication that requires you to
deliver or send the message before or in front of the Speech types
audience.
Types of speech according to purpose:
Mass communication - refers to communication that
takes place through television, books, billboard and -informative or expository: educating the audience
internet.
-persuasive: convincing the audience
Organizational Communication - refers to the interaction
-entertainment: to share enjoyment through the audience
of members along the link in an organizational structure.
Two values of organizational communication: Formal Types of speech according to delivery:
Organizational Communication and Informal
organizational communication - Manuscript speech: word to word iteration of written
message, using visual aids
Intercultural communication - is the change of concept,
traditions, values and practices between and among - Memorized speech: wrote recitation the speaker has
people of different nationalities and ways of life. committed to memory

Types of speech types - Extemporaneous speech: carefully planned and

rehearsed speech and spoken using brief notes.
Frozen style
- Impromptu Speech: without advance preparation.
-Also known as fix speech -the most formal
communicative style that is often used in respectful
situation or formal ceremony.