PAKISTAN: 2022 Monsoon Floods

Situation Report No. 4

As of 2 September 2022

This report is produced by the OCHA Humanitarian Advisory Team (HAT) in Pakistan in collaboration with humanitarian
partners. It covers the period from 27 August to 2 September 2022. The next report will be issued on or around 9
September 2022.

HIGHLIGHTS

• The number of destroyed houses

doubled since last week to over 436,000,
with Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa provinces most affected.

• Eight more districts declared ‘calamity hit’

by the Government of Pakistan, bringing
the total to 80 districts in five provinces.

• Some 1,600 km of roads damaged or

destroyed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa within
the last week.

• High flood risks remain along parts of the

Indus River, notably between Taunsa in
Punjab and Kotri in Sindh.

• Humanitarian appeal for US$160.3

million to aid and protect 5.2 million flood-
affected people launched on 30 August,
drawing good response from donors.

436K 736K 2K 1.2K 4.9K 733K

houses houses kilometres of deaths injured livestock lost
destroyed damaged road damaged in
the past week

SITUATION OVERVIEW
Intensified rainfall and flooding over the past week have worsened the fragile humanitarian situation of people in already
affected areas, and brought devastation to areas previously spared the brunt of the severe monsoon weather. Gilgit-
Baltistan (GB) has declared ‘calamity hit’ districts for the first time this season, and the number of calamity-declared
districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) has nearly doubled. Nationwide, 80 districts have now been declared ‘calamity hit’ –
31 in Balochistan, 23 in Sindh, 17 in KP, six in GB and three in Punjab. Many more districts without an official declaration
are also reportedly impacted. Around 33 million people have been affected by the heavy rains and flooding, according to

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Coordinate the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises.
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 Pakistan Floods Situation Report No. 04 | 2

the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). More than 470,000 people are living in collective sites, while many
more are displaced and being hosted by other households.

Sindh and Balochistan remain the two provinces that have received the most rainfall this monsoon, each more than 5.5
times their respective 30-year-averages. Over 1.1 million houses have now been damaged or destroyed, with the number
of destroyed houses doubling to over 436,000 and the number of damaged houses rising by 63 per cent to over 736,000.
This increase has been most pronounced in Balochistan, where the number of damaged and destroyed houses rose from
some 29,800 to more than 61,000; in Sindh, where over 896,000 houses have been damaged or destroyed compared to
just over 586,000 a week ago; and in KP, where the figure nearly quadrupled to over 76,000 houses damaged or
destroyed since mid-June 2022.

Access continues to be a major obstacle to the delivery of aid and the ability of people to flee to safer locations. Two
thousand kilometres of road and 98 bridges were damaged or destroyed over the past week, for a total of over 5,000 km
and 243 bridges damaged or destroyed in the last 2.5 months. Most of this increase was incurred in KP, which reported
nearly 1,600 km of damaged and destroyed roads as of 1 September, compared to just 7 km a week ago. Railways have
also been affected. Destroyed railway bridges, submerged tracks and landslides have disrupted routes connecting
Balochistan, Sindh and Punjab, including stretches between Quetta and Taftan; between Quetta and Habibkot via Sibbi;
between Hyderabad and Multan via Rohri; and between Kotri to Dadu via Lakhi Shah.

The severe weather has continued to take a direct toll on human lives, with more than 1,200 people reported to have
died, including 244 women, 526 men and 416 children. Nearly 4,900 people have reportedly been injured, including at
least 2,670 women, 1,281 men and 816 children. The Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) indicates that high
flood risks remain along the stretch of the Indus River between Taunsa in Punjab and Kotri in Sindh, while satellite-
detected water extents mapped by the United Nations Satellite Center (UNOSAT) indicate preliminarily that of 793,000
km2 of lands in Pakistan analysed between 1 and 29 August, around 75,000 km2 appear to be affected by floodwaters,
including some 48,530 km2 that appear to be croplands. Initial estimates on the ground suggest that at least 3.6 million
acres of crops/orchards across the country have already been affected, including over 35,500 acres in KP, 304,000 acres
in Balochistan, 438,000 acres in Punjab and 2.85 million acres in Sindh. The livestock sector has also experienced severe
losses, with over 733,000 livestock reportedly killed as of 1 September – 68 per cent in Balochistan and 28 per cent in
Punjab.

Preliminary information indicates major damage to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure. Initial estimates
are that some 20 per cent of water systems are damaged in KP, around 30 per cent in Balochistan, and up to 50 per cent
in the hardest hit areas of Sindh and Punjab. In Balochistan’s Lasbela district, 19 water systems have reportedly been
damaged due to floods. The extent of reported damages across flood-affected areas requires further verification. Access
to safe drinking water is a significant concern, and communities are increasingly resorting to open defecation, heightening
the risk of water and sanitation-related diseases. Cases of diarrhoea and water-borne diseases, respiratory infection, and
skin diseases have already been reported.

HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE
The Government of Pakistan is continuing its leadership of the humanitarian response for people in the affected areas,
supported by the UN and humanitarian partners. As of 1 September, Pakistan’s Armed Forces have flown at least 935
helicopter sorties to assist people affected by the floods, and rescued over 24,400 people. At least 5,185 tents, 1,800 tons
of rations and 325,000 litres of water have also been distributed by the Army, Navy and Air Force. The NDMA is leading
joint damage assessment surveys in flood-affected areas, with 23 teams currently on ground in 22 districts of Balochistan.
This is in addition to the cash relief and ex-gratia compensation the government is providing, and in-kind support being
delivered by the NDMA and respective Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) in affected provinces, as
elucidated in Situation Report No. 03 on the 2022 Monsoon Floods in Pakistan.

Twenty-six international NGOs – members of the Pakistan Humanitarian Forum (PHF) – have directed some US$7.5
million towards flood relief activities, reaching more than 777,000 people with aid by 31 August. This comprises nearly
154,000 people reached with food rations; over 5,000 people reached with shelter assistance and over 12,100 people
with non-food items (NFI); more than 46,000 people provided with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) support; nearly
62,000 people given cash assistance; over 10,300 people receiving education support; and nearly 490,000 reached with
health interventions. PHF members responding to the floods are present in 32 districts across Balochistan, Sindh, KP,
Punjab and GB.

More than 118,000 people have been reached by around 40 members of the National Humanitarian Network (NHN).
Active in 36 flood-affected districts, these national NGOs have evacuated more than 1,300 people; provided nearly

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60,000 food rations, over 4,700 shelters and over 6,700 cash grants; and delivered health services for nearly 8,000
people as well as WASH services for over 17,700 people.

On 30 August, the UN launched a Floods Response Plan for Pakistan in a flash appeal for US$160.3 million to aid 5.2
million people in need for 6 months. Covering the Education, Food Security and Agriculture, Health, Nutrition, Protection,
Shelter/NFI and WASH sectors, the plan focuses on supporting the most vulnerable communities with social and
communal assistance as a complement to wider government response activities such as the individual cash assistance
provided through the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP). In the three days since its launch, new pledges
received include US$30 million from the United States, GBP 15 million from the United Kingdom, CA$5 million from
Canada, EUR 2.15 million from the European Union and AU$2 million from Australia. Some US$9 million in additional UN
funds are also anticipated, supplementing the recent US$3 million rapid response allocation from the Central Emergency
Response Fund (CERF), the activities under which are already ongoing.

Following the completion of the multisectoral rapid needs assessment (RNA) in Balochistan, preparations for further
RNAs in other affected provinces are being finalised. The RNAs are government-led, and jointly conducted with the
support of international and national NGOs as well as the UN.

Education
Needs:
• Establishment of Temporary Learning Centres (TLC) and alternate learning modalities in flood-affected districts.
• Distribution of teaching/learning materials.
• Dewatering, cleaning and disinfection of schools to facilitate the resumption of educational activities in a safe and
healthy learning environment.
• Training of teachers on psychosocial support (PSS), multigrade teaching and teaching in emergencies.
• Training/mobilization of school management committee members on PSS, safe reopening and functioning of schools.

Response:
• Education Sector partners have distributed 60 school tents in Sindh – 30 in Jacobabad and 30 in Shikarpur.
• International NGOs have reached more than 10,300 people with Education Sector responses, including establishment
of Temporary Learning Centres (TLC) in Pishin, Balochistan, reaching 3,600 children with education services.
Learning kits have also been provided to 3,600 children in the same district.
• Education supplies have been assigned for Sindh and Punjab and are expected to reach some 35,000 children.

Gaps & Constraints:

• Limited funding to meet the education and learning needs of flood-affected children.
• Use of schools to host displaced populations prevents their use for education and learning.
• Continued rainfall and submergence of some schools prevent the implementation of full assessments of the damages
incurred and the restoration of schools and learning centres.

Food Security and Agriculture

Needs:
• Some 73 per cent of affected households are estimated to have inadequate resources to buy food. Targeted
unconditional food assistance for the most vulnerable households (HH) is needed to enable HH to cope with the
immediate effects of the ongoing disaster.
• Conditional food/cash assistance to rehabilitate or create the infrastructure necessary for specific livelihood activities
(e.g., irrigation channels, fishing boats, rural roads) or community services (e.g., health facilities).
• Cash and voucher assistance (CVA) for restoration of livelihood opportunities, including livelihood diversification
activities (training on alternative income generating activities).
• Protection of remaining livestock through provision of feed and vaccinations against Peste des petits ruminants
(PPR), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS).
• Provision of seeds and fertilizers for cultivation of important vegetable crops and support for restoration of affected
cropped area and livelihoods.
• Rehabilitation of damaged animal shelters.
• Rehabilitation and desilting of critical sections of irrigation channels.

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Response:
• The UN has provided over 336,000 food/cash transfers to assist people in flood-affected districts of Balochistan, and
is scaling up to respond to over 117,000 people in flood-affected districts of Sindh. Activities are also ongoing in two
districts of KP.
• National NGOs have provided food rations for nearly 60,000 people, comprising cooked meals and food baskets.
• UN agencies are planning to roll out livestock vaccinations and provide animal feed to benefit livestock holders in Killa
Saifullah and Lasbela districts in Balochistan as well as in Umerkot, Mirpur Khas and Dadu districts in Sindh.
• International NGOs have provided cooked meals to 1,000 families in Rajanpur, Punjab; 1,000 people in Thatta, Sindh;
12,600 people in Pishin and other districts of Balochistan; and over 54,100 people in Nowshera and Charsadda, KP.
Dry food packs were provided to nearly 9,000 people in Nushki and Killa Saifullah in Balochistan.
• International NGOs have distributed food items and food packs to at least 300 people in Karachi, Sindh; over 15,600
people in DI Khan, Tank, Karak and Laki Marwat in KP; 3,806 people in Nushki and Pishin in Balochistan.

Gaps & Constraints:

• Serious funding constraints remain for the provision of food relief as well as for protecting livestock, restoring crops,
and providing livestock inputs and livestock shelter.

Health
Needs:
• Immediate assessment of the health services impacted, identification of key priority areas requiring response
including for delivery of routine and emergency health services.
• Increased need for essential medicines and equipment to set up emergency triage, medical tents, mosquito nets,
beds, facemasks, and hand sanitizers outside health facilities.
• Mitigation of the risk of outbreaks of communicable/infectious diseases, particularly in camps and where WASH
facilities have been damaged.
• Prevention of transmission of diseases in camps and communities through information and hygiene campaigns in
coordination with the WASH cluster.
• Mental health and psychosocial impact of losses including human lives, animals, property and livelihoods.

Response:
• Five mobile health teams are providing maternal and child healthcare services in KP; two in Nowshera, two in
Charsadah and one in Peshawar. Antenatal care has reportedly been provided to 45 women, postnatal care to 32
women, nine high-risk pregnancies identified and referred, 414 children under five treated for diarrhoea, and 279
children under five treated for acute respiratory infections (ARI).
• UN agencies are tracking disease trends in affected areas.
• Nearly 8,000 people have benefited from the Health response of national NGOs, including through the organisation of
free medical sites in several affected districts.
• National NGO health responses have 8,000 people affected by the floods.
• Nearly 500,000 people have been reached by international NGOs through their Health responses.
• International NGOs have provided essential medicines and medical supplies to benefit some 20,500 people in DI
Khan, Tank and Karak in KP and Quetta in Balochistan.

Gaps & Constraints:

• Lack of healthcare workers, as personnel may be unable to reach healthcare facilities or are themselves among the
affected population.
• Limited stocks of emergency medicines, supplies and minor surgical items for dealing with trauma patients.
• Access issues remain a significant constraint.

Nutrition
Needs:
• Mapping of existing nutrition services to facilitate the emergency response.
• Expansion of Outpatient Therapeutic Programme (OTP) sites.
• The organisation of nutrition supplies.

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Response:
• The UN has provided severe acute malnutrition (SAM) management through OTPs, Multiple Micronutrient
Supplementation (MMS) and multimicronutrients for children to 3,778 people in Punjab (1,891 girls: 1,887 boys),
1,402 people in KP (308 girls; 337 boys; 757 women), and 7,757 people in Balochistan (565 girls; 412 boys; 6,780
women).
• Screening of malnourished children, malnutrition treatment, support to mothers on breastfeeding, and infant and
young child feeding (IYCF) counselling activities are also ongoing in Punjab.
• In KP, nutrition partners are present in at least Chitral, Dir Lower, Swat and Malakand districts, with the Department of
Health supporting efforts to bring Nutrition sites to flood-affected areas.

Gaps & Constraints:

• Coordination gaps remain at the provincial level.
• Funding gaps inhibit adequate scale-up of the Nutrition response.

Protection
Needs:
• Ensure gender-based violence (GBV) safety and risk mitigation measures across sectors, especially during food
distribution, in health and hygiene facilities, and in camp settings.
• Functional and updated GBV referral directory, including GBV helplines for addressing GBV cases.
• Need for engaging community volunteers to support local protection mechanisms such as security surveillance, which
has weakened following the floods.
• Establishment of multi-sectoral coordination structures at the operational level in all provinces.
• Integration of recovery efforts in the relief support activities.
• Child Protection case management and referral mechanism need to be strengthened through active engagement of
stakeholders in all flood-affected areas, with increased community outreach to ensure linkages with the services.
• Dissemination of information on prevention of Child Protection issues and the availability of existing humanitarian
support through different mediums, including (social) media and print material.
• Psychosocial support (PSS) for people affected by significant losses, particularly people living in displacement camps.
• Care for separated and unaccompanied children, including family tracing services.
• Scaled-up assessments to identify people who may have lost civil documentation in all affected provinces.

Response:
• The UN has provided mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) for 2,400 children and parents/caregivers in
Lasbela, Balochistan.
• UN agencies have cleared waterways to protect an estimated 48 households from floodwaters in Quetta, Balochistan.
• The UN has provided dignity kits to 6,000 women in Balochistan, 2,493 women in Sindh, 4,000 women in KP (2,000
in Swat, 1,000 in Nowshera, 1,000 in Charsadda), and 831 women in Punjab.
• UN agencies provided newborn baby kits for 2,223 people in Sindh, 1,000 people in KP, and 741 people in Punjab.
• UN agencies provided awareness raising on gender-based violence (GBV) and MHPSS for 30 women in Charsadda,
KP, and six women in the same district were referred to GBV services. Community sensitisation on GBV reached 71
women, 30 men and 10 girls in Charsadda.
• A Women and Girls’ Safe Space (WGSS) was established in Charsadda in KP, benefiting 476 people.
• UN agencies provided 7,000 hygiene kits for people in flood-affected districts of Balochistan, focusing on Lasbela,
Quetta and Loralai.
• Through an implementing partner, UN agencies are providing financial assistance for 200 vulnerable people in
Quetta, focusing on women and women-headed households.
• The UN trained 106 people in Punjab in Psychological First Aid (PFA).

Gaps & Constraints:

• Lack of (disaggregated) data and response mechanism for vulnerable groups affected by floods, including displaced
persons, especially the elderly, people with disabilities (PWD), pregnant and lactating women (PLW),
unaccompanied/separated children, refugees, and groups with no access to humanitarian assistance.
• Protection mechanisms for prevention and response to GBV remain weak.
• Weak/non-existent GBV referral pathways.
• Lack of women and girls’ safe spaces, especially for people who have been displaced.
• Underfunding inhibiting the scale-up of Protection activities.

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Shelter and Non-Food Items

Needs:
• Core relief items including tents, tarpaulins, sleeping mats, blankets, mattresses and mosquito nets to support flood-
affected communities.
• Toolkits for debris removal and to restore Kucha houses.
• Shelter kits and materials for rehabilitation of damaged houses.

Response:
• UN agencies are distributing non-food items (NFI) to 250 people, mainly women and women-headed households,
including kitchen sets and hygiene supplies.
• National NGOs have provided multipurpose cash grants to nearly 6,800 families.
• National NGOs have provided nearly 4,800 temporary shelters to accommodate some 24,000 people, comprising
tents and tarpaulin sheets.
• International NGOs have provided NFIs for over 11,800 people in Quetta, Pishin, Gwadar, Nushki and Killa Saifullah
in Balochistan, as well as to some 300 people in Karachi, Sindh.
• Around 3,375 people benefited from tents distributed by international NGOs in Nushki, Gwadar, Killa Saifullah and
Pishin, Balochistan; while 25 people in Quetta, Balochistan, benefited from tents with tarpaulin sheets.
• International NGOs distributed shelter kits for over 1,600 people in Pishin, Killa Saifullah and Harnai, Balochistan.
• Multipurpose cash grants were provided by international NGOs to over 22,000 people in Quetta, Pishin and Killa
Saifullah, Balochistan.

Gaps & Constraints:

• Information and coordination gaps among active partners.
• Insufficient funds to deal with the scale of damages to houses.
• Limited technical capacities for structural integrity assessment of partially damaged and potentially hazardous houses.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

Needs:
• Improve access to sufficient water of appropriate quality and quantity for drinking, cooking and maintaining personal
hygiene, with a focus on displaced populations.
• Improve access to toilets and washing facilities that are culturally appropriate, secure, sanitary, user-friendly and
gender-appropriate, with a focus on displaced populations.
• Improve access to critical WASH-related information to promote safe hygiene practices.
• Assessments to verify scope of humanitarian need and rehabilitation of WASH infrastructure.
• For displaced persons, many who will be unable to return home for weeks, access to drinking water, sanitation and
hygiene promotion are critical. An estimated 1.5 million people are in need of WASH responses.

Response:
• National NGOs have provided clean drinking water and hygiene kits to over 17,700 people.
• International NGOs have provided water to over 7,600 people in Quetta, Pishin, Gwadar and Killa Saifullah in
Balochistan; and to 5,000 people in Nowshera and Charsadda in KP.
• Dewatering activities have been conducted by international NGOs to benefit 300 people in Karachi, Sindh.
• Latrine kits have been distributed by international NGOs to nearly 1,000 people in Pishin and Quetta, Balochistan,
and 400 people in Thatta, Sindh.
• International NGOs have provided water purification for the benefit of some 9,600 people in DI Khan, Tank and Karak
in KP, as well as household water filtration units to benefit 720 people in Killa Saifullah, Balochistan.
• More than 9,000 hygiene kits have been distributed by international NGOs in Balochistan (Pishin, Killa Saifullah,
Chaghi, Chaman, Loralai, Gwadar, Nushki and Quetta districts); as well as 2,700 hygiene kits in DI Khan and Karak,
KP. Handwashing soap was also distributed to benefit 17,000 people in Balochistan.
• UN water trucking has reached 48,500 people in Sindh (14,481 women, 14,259 men, 9,894 girls and 9,506 boys in
Thatta, Umarkot, Mirpus Khas and Benazirabad); 10,625 people in Lasbela, Balochistan (3,251 women, 3,124 men,
2,168 girls, 2,083 boys); and 9,000 people in Chitral, KP (2,754 women, 2,646 men, 1,836 girls, 1,764 men).
• Through the installation of temporary toilets, the UN has reached 360 people in Peshawar, KP (110 women, 106 men,
73 girls, 71 boys) as well as 906 people in Thatta, Sindh (236 women, 226 men, 157 girls, 151 boys).

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• UN WASH NFIs have benefited 4,900 people in Nowshera, KP (1,499 women, 1,441 men, 1,000 girls, 960 boys);
1,285 people in Lasbela, Balochistan (393 women, 378 men, 262 girls, 252 boys); and 770 people in Thatta, Sindh
(236 women, 226 men, 157 girls, 151 boys).
• 2,800 people were reached with UN water filtration units in Lasbela, Balochistan.
• UN hygiene promotion activities reached 6,425 people in Lasbela, Balochistan (1,966 women, 1,889 men, 1,311 girls,
1,259 boys), as well as 4,900 people in Nowshera, KP (1,499 women, 1,441 men, 1,000 girls, 960 boys).

Gaps & Constraints:

• A lack of resources to adequately scale up the WASH response remains a significant constraint.
• An estimated US$25 million is required to meet the WASH needs of prioritized populations and enable the scale-up of
the WASH response in the affected provinces. This includes rapid scale-up of water supply, sanitation for displaced
persons, hygiene education and supplies, and restoration of damaged infrastructure.

GENERAL COORDINATION
Coordination continues to take place through the usual channels, with the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) meeting on
1 September for strategic level discussions, following a technical-level Inter-Sector Coordination Group (ISCG) meeting
on 31 August. With the conclusion of the Balochistan multi-sectoral needs assessment (RNA) and planning for further
RNAs in other provinces, an Assessment Working Group (AWG) meeting was held on 29 August. The Pakistan
Humanitarian Forum (PHF) convened a meeting of its members of 29 August, with the Resident Coordination and
Humanitarian Coordinator (RC/HC) for Pakistan and OCHA also participating. Various coordination fora are also active at
the provincial level in all affected provinces. Provincial level coordination forum is activated in the affected provinces, led
by Provincial Disaster Management Authorities (PDMAs) and co-led by OCHA and field officers from the Resident
Coordinators Office.

Background on the crisis

Pakistan has been enduring severe monsoon weather since mid-June, with rainfall equivalent to 2.9 times its national 30-year average causing
widespread flooding and devastation. Millions of people have been affected and over a thousand people have been killed, with many more injured.
Damage to houses and public infrastructure is widespread. The Government of Pakistan and the humanitarian community are delivering urgent
lifesaving aid for people who have been affected, but humanitarian needs exceed current response capacities. Additional resources are needed to
scale up humanitarian assistance.

For further information, please contact:

Felix Omunu, Head of Office, OCHA Pakistan, omunu@un.org
Juliana Teoh, Humanitarian Affairs Officer, OCHA ROAP, juliana.teoh@un.org

For more information, please visit www.unocha.org | www.reliefweb.int | www.response.reliefweb.int/pakistan

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