VDS 2095 Guidelines For Automatic Fire Detection and Fire Alarm Systems - Planning and Installation

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VdS 2095en : 2005-02

2010-05 (06)
(07)
fire alarm systems
Planning and Installation

VdS Guidelines for automatic fire detection and
Fire detection/alarm systems – Planning and Installation VdS 2095en : 2005-02 (06)
Covers DIN VDE 0833-2 (VDE 0833 Part 2): 2004-02

Alarm systems for fire, intrusion and hold-up;
Part 2: Specifications for fire alarm and fire detection systems
Reproduced by permission of
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.
and
VDE VERBAND DER ELEKTROTECHNIK ELEKTRONIK INFORMATIONSTECHNIK e.V.
This standard corresponds to the present state of the set of guidelines.
Extracts from DIN VDE 0833-2 (VDE 0833-2):2009-06 are reproduced by permission 192.010 of
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (German Institute for Standardization) and VDE Verband
der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e.V. (Association for Electrical Electronic and
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Information Technologies). Any further reproductions or editions are subject to separate permission.
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VdS 2095en : 2010-05 (07) Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Planning and installation
VdS Guidelines for automatic fire

detection and fire alarm systems
Planning and Installation
VdS 2095en: 2010-05 (07)
Covers DIN VDE 0833-2 (VDE 0833 Part 2): 2009-06
Alarm systems for fire, intrusion and hold-up;
Part 2: Specifications for fire detection and fire alarm systems
Reproduced by permission of
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.
and
VDE VERBAND DER ELEKTROTECHNIK ELEKTRONIK INFORMATIONSTECHNIK e.V.
The standard corresponds to the present state of the set of standards.
Reproduction – also for internal use – prohibited.
CONTENTS
Preface VdS 2095en .......................................................................................................... 5
General .............................................................................................................................. 5
Validity .............................................................................................................................. 5
Changes ............................................................................................................................. 6
Previous editions .............................................................................................................. 6
1 Scope ................................................................................................................... 7
2 Normative references ......................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and abbreviations ................................................................................... 9
3.1 Terms and definitions............................................................................................ 9
3.2 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... 11
4 Basic requirements for components of fire detection and fire
alarm systems ................................................................................................... 11
4.1 General ............................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Fire detectors ...................................................................................................... 12
4.3 Monitored transmission paths ............................................................................. 12
4.4 Control and indicating equipment (CIE) .............................................................. 13
4.5 Power supply ...................................................................................................... 13
4.6 Signalling devices .............................................................................................. 13
5 Requirements for the triggering of fire protection systems......................... 13
6 Rules for the planning and installation of fire detection and fire
alarm systems ................................................................................................... 14
6.1 Principles ............................................................................................................ 14
6.2 Planning .............................................................................................................. 21
6.3 Alarm ................................................................................................................... 41
3
Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Planning and installation VdS 2095en : 2010-05 (07)
6.4 Design ................................................................................................................. 43

6.5 Design documentation ........................................................................................ 48
6.6 Installation ........................................................................................................... 50
7 Approval test ..................................................................................................... 53
8 Handover to the user ........................................................................................ 53
8.1 Installation certificate .......................................................................................... 53
9 Operation of fire detection and fire alarm systems ....................................... 53
9.1 Log book ............................................................................................................. 53
9.2 Repairs ................................................................................................................ 53
9.3 Clear space around detectors............................................................................. 54
9.4 Exceptions from monitoring ................................................................................ 54
9.5 Disablement ........................................................................................................ 54
9.6 False alarm prevention ....................................................................................... 54
9.7 Modifications and extensions .............................................................................. 54
Annex A (mandatory) Fire detection and fire alarm systems for rooms
with electric and electronic equipment .......................................................... 55
Annex B (informative) Classification table for aspirating smoke
detectors ............................................................................................................ 58
Annex C (informative) Classification of heat detectors .............................................. 59
Annex D (mandatory) Standardised interface for extinguishing systems ................ 61
Annex E (mandatory) Fire detection and fire alarm systems for data
processing and similar systems ..................................................................... 65
Annex F (mandatory) Fire detection and fire alarm systems for high
rack storage....................................................................................................... 67
Annex G (mandatory) Fire detection and fire alarm systems with
increased requirements ................................................................................... 71
Annex H (informative) Literature ................................................................................... 72
4
Preface VdS 2095en

General
The provisions of the insurance contract are to be observed where claims are brought
forward for the approval of an automatic fire detection and fire alarm system (hereinafter
referred to as FDAS) by the insurer in the framework of a risk assessment. The
installation of a VdS-approved FDAS, e.g. according to clause 3610, may be contractually
agreed. The FDAS, in order to be eligible for VdS approval, shall have been planned by a
VdS-approved installer according to these guidelines and shall consist of VdS-approved
components – harmonised in terms of functional interaction – and shall have been
installed in compliance with the generally recognised codes of practice.
Hence from the technical point of view, the FDAS in order to be approved by VdS shall be
planned and installed according to these guidelines. The same applies to modifications or
extensions of existing systems. These guidelines, based on the fully adopted DIN VDE
0833 standard, Part 2: 2009-06 have been reduced and/or supplemented by a couple of
specific requirements (marked in blue). Moreover, the current versions of DIN 14675, DIN
VDE 0833 Part 1 and, where appropriate, also DIN VDE 0833-4, DIN VDE 0100, DIN
VDE 088 and EN 54 as well as in general the standards to which reference is made in the
text shall be observed for the planning and installation of VdS-approved fire detection and
fire alarm systems. For fire detection and fire alarm systems used for the triggering of fire
extinguishing systems the Guidelines for fire extinguishing systems shall be applied also.
Validity
These guidelines will become operative on May 1st, 2010 superseding the edition
VdS 2095en:2005-02 (06).
Fire detection and fire alarm systems planned up to one year after publication of these
VdS 2095en Guidelines on the basis of the former Guidelines (VdS 2095en:2005-02)
may be completed, commissioned and operated on the basis of the former Guidelines.
5
Changes
With respect to DIN VDE 0833-2 (VDE 0833-2):2004-02 the following changes were made:
a) this version has been revised editorially on the basis of the European working results
of CEN TC 72. The terms and definitions have been adapted to the set of standards
EN 54, where available;
b) the terms two signal and two zone dependency have been replaced by the term
“coincidence detection type A” and coincidence detection type B” relevant in DIN EN 54-2;
c) the specification regarding the arrangement of manual call points has been worded more
precisely. The instruction for the marking of decommissioned manual call points has been
adopted;
d) the exceptions from the monitoring of system floors, false floors or porous screed have
been worded more precisely;
e) Table 1 has been supplemented with smoke detectors according to DIN EN 54-12 and
heat detectors according to DIN EN 54-22;
f) Table 2 has been supplemented with aspirating smoke detectors according to DIN EN
54-20 and line type heat detectors according to DIN EN 54-22. The restriction of 128
detectors to one transmission path has been cancelled, since inconsistent with DIN
EN 54-2. The number of flooding zones to be triggered by a loop has been added and
specified with a maximum number of 8;
g) also the specification of a maximum number of 4 fire compartments in cases where
only manual call points are operated via a loop has been added;
h) the specification of number and arrangement of automatic fire detectors under 6.2.7.1
has been worded more precisely and a note on the consideration of perforated
ceilings has been added;
i) Table 3, specifying the maximum width to height ratio of the monitoring area for point
type smoke and heat detectors has been added;
j) details of the arrangement of line type heat detectors (6.2.7.12), the arrangement of
multipoint heat detectors (6.2.7.13) as well as the arrangement of detectors in
ventilation ducts (6.2.7.16) have been added;

k) the term optical beam smoke detector has been adapted to the term used in DIN EN
54-12;
l) the classification table for aspirating smoke detectors has been added in Annex B and
the description of the standardised interface for extinguishing systems in Annex D;
m) monitoring area 3 has been replaced by the term "other rooms" in Annex E;
n) the distance of detectors or suction holes from each other has been slightly modified
in Annex F from 6 m to 6.5 m for achieving a better adaptation to the standard gauges
of high rack storage. This modification also resulted in a modification of the dimen-
sions of a detector group from 12 m to 13 m and those of a detection zone from 25 m
to 26 m;
o) the informative Annex G with references has been updated.
Previous editions
DIN VDE 0833-2(VDE 0833-2): 1982-08, 1992-07, 2000-06, 2004-02
DIN VDE 0833-2 Amendment 1 (VDE 0833-2 Amendment 1): 2000-12
VdS 2095 : 2005-02, 2001-03, 1995-06, 1993-08
6
1 Scope
These guidelines together with DIN VDE 0833-1 (VDE 0833 Part 1) and DIN 14675 are
applicable to the planning, installation, extension, modification and operation of fire
detection and fire alarm systems. It provides specifications for fire detection and fire alarm
systems for the protection of life and property in buildings.
NOTE 1 Basically the routing of fire alarms to the response authorities, reference is made to
the set of standards EN 50136 "Alarm systems – Alarm transmission systems and
equipment" and to DIN 14675 "Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Design and operation".
These guidelines do not contain any specifications for the interaction of fire detection and
fire alarm systems with other systems not fulfilling any functions in terms of fire protection.
A proper interaction of all parts of a fire detection and fire alarm system with other
systems – insofar as required for an unrestricted function of the fire detection and fire
alarm system – shall be ensured, however, in any case.
NOTE 2For more information please see DIN VDE 0833-1 (VDE 0833 Part 1): 2009-09, Cl. 1.
Alarm systems according to DIN V VDE V 0826-1 (VDE V 0826-1, VdS 3431 and VdS
3438 as well as networked or non-networked smoke alarm devices according to EN
14604 are no fire detection and fire alarm systems in the sense of these guidelines.
2 Normative references
The documents quoted below are absolutely required for the application of this document.
Dated references refer to the issue to which reference is made. Undated references refer
to the latest applicable issue of the document to which reference is made (including all
amendments).
DIN 1450:1993-07, Lettering, legibility
DIN 4066, Information signs for fire brigade
DIN 4102-1, Fire behaviour of building materials and building components, Part 1:
Building materials, concepts, requirements and tests
DIN 14623, Signs for orientation at automatic fire detectors
DIN 14661, Fire fighting equipment – Fire brigade control panel for fire detection and fire
alarm systems
DIN 14662, Fire fighting equipment – Fire brigade indication panel for fire detection and
fire alarm systems
DIN 14675:2003-11, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Design and operation
DIN 14675/A1:2006-12, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Design and operation;
Amendment A1
DIN 14675/A2:2009-06, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Design and operation;
Amendment A2
DIN 14678, Manual call points (fire detectors) type K for use in potentially explosive
operation rooms by gases or dust
DIN 33404-3, Danger signals for workplaces, auditory danger signals, unified emergency
signal, technical requirements of safety, testing
DIN EN 54 (all parts), Fire detection and fire alarm systems
DIN EN 54-4, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 4: Power supply equipment;
German version EN 54-4: 1997/A1:2002
7
DIN EN 54-5:2001-03: Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 5: Heat detectors –
Point detectors; German version EN 54-5:2000
DIN EN 54-7:2001-03, Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 7: Point detectors
using scattered light, transmitted light or ionisation, German version EN 54-7:2000
DIN EN 54-11:2001-10, Fire detection and fire alarm systems- Part 11: Manual call
points, German version EN 54-11:2001
DIN EN 14604, Smoke alarm devices
DIN EN 50086-1 (VDE 0605-1), Electric wiring conduits, Part 1: General requirements
DIN EN 61000-4-3 (VDE 0847-4-3) : 2008-06: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part
45-3: Testing and measurement techniques; radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic
field immunity test (IEC 61000-4-3:2006 + A1: 2007); German version EN 61000-4-
3:2006 + A1:2008)
DIN EN 62305-1 (VDE 0185-305-1): 2006-10: Protection against lightning – Part 1:
General principles (IEC 62305-1:2006); German version EN 62305-1:2006
DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3), Protection against lightning: Physical damage to
structures and life hazard
DIN EN 62305-4 (VDE 0185-305-4), Protection against lightning – Part 4: Electrical and
electronic systems within structures
DIN EN ISO 3098-0: Technical product documentation – lettering – Part 0: General
requirements
DIN VDE 0100-718) Erection of low voltage installations – Requirements for special
installations or locations – Part 718: Installations for gathering of people
DIN VDE 0815(VDE 0815): Wiring cables for telecommunication and data processing
systems
DIN VDE 0833-1 (VDE 0833-1): 2003-05 2009-09: Alarm systems for fire, intrusion and
hold-up, General requirements
DIN VDE 0833-4 (VDE 0833-4): 2007-09: Alarm systems for fire, intrusion and hold-up –
Requirements for voice alarm systems in case of fire
DIN VDE 0845-1 (VDE 0845-1): Protection of telecommunication systems against

lightning, electrostatic discharges and overvoltages from electric power installations;
provisions against overvoltages
DIN V VDE V 0826-1 (VDE V 0826-1) Surveillance systems – Part 1: Hazard warning
system for use in residential buildings, apartments and rooms with similar purposes –
Planning, installation, operation and maintenance
VdS 2350, Guidelines for mechanical security devices – Key boxes – Planning,
installation and maintenance
VdS 2304, Local application systems for electrical and electronic systems, Guidelines for
planning and installation
VdS 2496, Guidelines for the triggering of fire extinguishing systems
VdS 2833, Provisions against overvoltage in alarm systems
VdS 3431, System requirements, Guidelines for alarm systems
VdS 3438, Requirements for system components, Guidelines for alarm systems
VdS 2129, Approval for installers of fire detection and fire alarm systems (FDAS)
8
3 Terms and abbreviations

3.1 Terms and definitions
For the application of this standard these guidelines the terms defined in DIN VDE 0833-1
(VDE 0833 Part 1) and DIN EN 54 as well as the following definitions shall apply.
3.1.1 Alarm organisation

All measures designed to be used as a warning, for rescue, prevention of fire spread and
fire fighting and orientation purposes.
3.1.2 Aspirating smoke detector

Smoke detector, in which air and aerosols are drawn through a sampling device and
carried to one or more smoke sensing elements by an integral aspirator (e.g. fan or
pump) (see DIN EN 54-20 :2006).
3.1.3 Power supply source at risk of failure

Power supply source with limited availability.
NOTE: These include power supply sources that are generally able to cover the specified
power demand of an alarm system or of components of an alarm system, but may fail for
certain periods of time, e.g. public low voltage network.
3.1.4 Fire alarm

Warning of fire as a hazard to life, property or environment for initiating measures to avert
the risk.
3.1.5 Fire parameters

Physical and/or chemical parameter such as smoke, rise in temperature, flame radiation
in the vicinity of a fire, the measurable changes of which can be evaluated.
3.1.6 Comparison of patterns of fire parameters

Measure for verifying the alarm condition. The fire alarm condition is reached not before
detected and preset patterns agree.
3.1.7 Fire alarm condition

Condition adopted by a fire detection and fire alarm system or part of it as a response to
the detection of a fire.
3.1.8 Fire protection equipment

Facility designed for fighting a fire or preventing the fire spread.
3.1.9 Local protection

Protection of individual equipment by extinguishing systems triggered by fire detection
and fire alarm systems.
3.1.10 Local protection system

Fire detection and fire alarm system for the detection of developing fires in equipment.
3.1.11 Initial information point

Point at the main access for the fire brigade where the normative indicating and control
devices as well as the zone maps are kept.
9
NOTE: These are in general the indicating and control facilities of the control and
indicating equipment, a detached indicator and control panel or the fire brigade indicator
panel and fire brigade control panel.
3.1.12 Line type smoke detector using transmitted light, in short: line type
smoke detector
Detector responding to smoke by attenuation and/or changing attenuation of an optical
beam and which consists of at least a transmitter and a receiver and which may be
equipped with reflectors.
3.1.13 Continuous power source

A power supply source available without restrictions
NOTE: These include power supply sources able to energise without interruption an
alarm system or parts of an alarm system over a pre-determined period of time, e.g. a
battery.
3.1.14 Room height

Distance between lower and upper boundary of a room
3.1.15 Rechargeable power source

Power supply source which can be recharged repeatedly after consumption
3.1.16 Interface
Virtual or physical transition point between two functional units based on agreed rules for
the transfer of data and signals
3.1.17 Coincidence detection type A

The adoption of the fire alarm condition after reception of a first alarm signal from an
automatic fire detector is prevented until an alarm acknowledgement signal from the
same fire detector of from another fire detector of the same detector group is received
(see DIN EN 54-2: 1997/A1: 2007-01)
NOTE corresponds to the former designation of "intermediate alarm storage".

3.1.18 Coincidence detection type B
The adoption of the fire alarm condition after reception of a first alarm signal from an
automatic fire detector is prevented until an alarm acknowledgement signal is received
from another fire detector of the same or another detector group (see DIN EN 54-2:
1997/A1: 2007-01)
NOTE: corresponds to the former designation of two group or two detector coincidence.
3.1.19 Fire detection system (FDS)

All devices and components of a fire detection system, harmonised in terms of proper
interaction and approved by VdS
3.1.20 Structural element

A defined element of a structure, e.g. wall, partition wall, ceiling, roof, beams or supports
(EN 1363-1). Structural elements in the sense of this standard are both the individual
construction product and parts of the structure consisting of one or several products (see
DIN EN 13501).
10
3.1.21 Integrating detector (Suffix I)

Fire detectors for which the response to a temperature level is totalled in any manner (not
necessarily linearly) over a specific length of the sensor. Thus, the output signal
transmitted to the sensor control unit depends on the temperature distribution over the
entire length of the sensor cable (see prEN 54-22).
EXAMPLE: pneumatic systems
3.1.22 Non integrating detector (Suffix N)

Fire detector, the output signal of which depends on the local temperature effects, rather than
on the integration of the temperature distribution over the entire length of the sensor cable
3.1.23 Line type heat detector

Fire detector responding over the entire length of the sensor cable to heat acting on an
optional point (see prEN 54-22)
3.1.24 Detection segment

Object-specifically defined section of a line type heat detector, the alarm condition of
which can be identified individually
3.2 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used for the application of this standard these guidelines:
FDASfire detection and fire alarm system
FDSfire detection system
CIEcontrol and indicating equipment
MAmonitoring area
SHEVSsmoke and heat exhaust ventilation system
FCPfire brigade control panel
FIPfire brigade indicator panel
FRCfire-resisting closure
FESfire extinguishing system
FZflooding zone
SHVsmoke and heat vent
TEtransmission equipment
4 Basic requirements for components of fire

4.1 General
The components of a fire detection and fire alarm system in the sense of this standard
these guidelines shall conform to the set of standards DIN EN 54, if any. Their functional
interaction shall be ensured according to DIN EN 54-13.
The manufacturer's data shall be observed in addition to the requirements of this
standard these guidelines.
11
4.2 Fire detectors

Automatic fire detectors shall conform to the set of standards DIN EN 54 and manual call
points (non-automatic fire detectors) to DIN EN 54-11:2001-10, type B with square control
panel according to Figure 1 or DIN 14678.
NOTE: The set of standards DIN EN 54 allow national requirements for manual call
points permitting a restrictive specification and/or a binding choice of the type of actuation
(type B) and of the control panel (square control panel).
Restrictions for the use of detectors
The instructions and restrictions for the use of detectors specified in the approval
certificate shall be observed.
NOTE: Flame detectors, VdS-tested and approved prior to May 1st, 1995, are classified
as Class 3 detectors by EN 54-10:2002-05.
4.3 Monitored transmission paths

The transmission paths between detectors and CIE, between CIE and specific control
devices and/or specific signalling devices and the transmission paths between the
triggering devices and the transmission devices and/or the control and alarm devices and
between CIEs shall be available as intended and shall be monitored as a matter of
principle.
NOTE 1: The specific control devices and the specific signalling devices shall be defined
in the fire detection and fire alarm concept (see 6.1.2 and DIN 14675).
Monitoring of the transmission path by the FDAS may be dispensed from, however, in
cases when
– a failure of the transmission path occurs, the device to be controlled automatically
enters the safe condition (e.g. reversing a pre-action valve station to a dry type
system) or
– a failure of the transmission path occurs, the device to be controlled is not negatively
influenced in its intended functions (e.g. additional triggering of hold-open systems) or
– a failure of the transmission path occurs, the device to be controlled is monitored and
a resulting fault is signalled to the control and indicating equipment (e.g. standardised
interface for extinguishing systems).
NOTE 2: Signals and information from other systems transmitted by the transmission
paths of the fire detection and fire alarm system shall not affect the function of the fire
detection and fire alarm system.
In cases where non-exclusive transmission path used for hazard alarm purposes may be
affected by external signals, provision shall be made for a second option for transmission.
The continuous actuation of a manual call point or the continuous release of a fire
detector shall not result in an automatic repetition of the alarm.
Faults such as open or short circuits on a transmission path or a fault on a section of the
transmission path between the individual CIEs and faults on the transmission paths to the
higher level CIE(s) or indication and actuation devices shall not affect the proper function
of the system.
A section of a transmission path is that part of the transmission path to which in the case
of a fault the effects are limited e.g. by short circuit isolators or otherwise.
NOTE 3: Faults on more than one transmission path or on more than one section of a
transmission path through which one or several CIEs are linked to a higher level CIE or to
a higher level indicating and control place may jeopardise the function of the system.
12
4.4 Control and indicating equipment (CIE)

The CIEs shall meet the requirements of the DIN EN 54-2.
Exclusively system internal signals and information shall be processed.
NOTE: System internal signals and information are to be understood as signals and
information related to a fire alarm or another function of the fire detection and fire alarm
system.
4.5 Power supply

The power supply units shall meet the requirements of the DIN EN 54-4 standard.
The power supply equipment shall be able to ensure the proper operation of the fire detection
and fire alarm system. Failure of each single power source of a system component shall be
indicated as a fault.
4.6 Signalling devices

Certain audible signalling devices for internal alarms shall correspond to the DIN EN 54-3
standard, see also 6.3.3. Additional signalling devices that are triggered need not meet
DIN EN 54-3.
5 Requirements for the triggering of fire

protection systems
Triggering of the electric control device of a fire protection system by the triggering device
of a CIE shall be transmitted by an interface in principle.
Fault warnings of the fire protection system to the CIE shall be transmitted by monitored
transmission paths.
NOTE 1: The transmission path for the triggering of the electric control device of fire
protection systems is monitored by the control device of the fire protection system.
Direct triggering of a fire protection system by a CIE shall be transmitted by monitored
transmission paths according to 4.3.
Warnings and information such as extinction and release signals of triggering devices of the
fire detection and fire alarm system to the fire extinguishing system shall be transmitted
separately for each single flooding zone. Fault warnings from the fire extinguishing system
to the fire detection and fire alarm system (control and indicating equipment) shall be
transmitted at least as a general fault.
In the case of triggering fire extinguishing systems it is to be ensured that as a result of a
fault of the triggering device of the CIE not more than one flooding zone fails or a release in
error occurs in maximum one flooding zone.
NOTE 2: For fire extinguishing systems which could cause a hazard to life it is important to
ensure that the measures for the protection of life are observed both in the case of a
release under fire conditions and a release in error.
Detectors and other parts of the FDAS may be used in hold-open systems of fire-resisting
closures (FRC). In this case the following shall be met:
– The guidelines of DIBt are to be applied.
– Additional triggering of FRC by other fire detectors or detector groups is accepted.
– Fire detectors of FRC shall not trigger any transmission devices.
– In the case of an alarm (fire alarm), fault (interruption, short circuit, power failure) or a
manual release, the control device shall activate (de-energise) the connected hold-
open device reliably and without delay
13
– A disconnection of the assigned detector group or of a detector of this group shall

result in the activation of the hold-open device. Disabling of other fire detectors or
detector groups causing an additional indication, need not result in an activation of
the hold-open device.
– In the case of faults of the FDAS that do not result in any functional loss of the FRC,
the hold-open device need not be activated.
NOTE 3: Hold-open systems are subject to a general approval of the supervisory
building authorities (DIBt).
6 Rules for the planning and installation of fire

6.1 Principles
6.1.1 General
A fire detection and fire alarm system in the sense of this standard these guidelines shall
be designed and installed by an electrically skilled person for alarm systems a VdS-
approved installer. Proper functional interaction of the components shall be proven by a
VdS system approval.
Devices shall be specifically designed for use in critical environmental conditions, such as
cold stores, galvanising plants or places exposed to corrosive atmospheres.
Limits of application of fire detection and fire alarm systems
The installation of an automatic fire extinguishing system shall be considered in cases
where extremely rapid fire development is very likely.
6.1.2 Alarm organisation

The alarm organisation including specification of the necessary action to be taken shall
be based as a matter of principle on a fire detection and fire alarm concept. This shall
define in how far fire protection equipment or other technical devices are to be wholly or
partly controlled by the fire detection and fire alarm system and which devices are to be
operated manually. The user who is in charge of the fire detection and fire alarm concept
is expected to define the action plan in cooperation with the authorities in charge, the
planner and if appropriate also with the installer of the FDAS.
The following shall be ensured in particular:
– alerting of persons exposed to the hazard and guidance as basically of escape
routes, if necessary;
– fire alarm transmitted to the fire brigade in charge and/or to the fire fighting and
rescue forces on site;
– prevention of a rapid spread of the fire by actuation of the fire protection devices, e.g.
FRC;
– opening of the access routes for the fire brigade.
Fire alarms and fault warnings shall be indicated and transmitted as appropriate so as to
ensure that the responsible staff is informed as early as possible.
Faults warnings shall be transmitted immediately to the maintenance person.
14
6.1.3 Extent of monitoring

6.1.3.1 General
The extent of monitoring shall be defined in a fire detection and fire alarm concept
together with the user and if necessary additionally the responsible authorities and
insurer relating to the usage of the building. This concept shall clearly reflect the sections
of the building exposed hazards to life and property and shall clearly outline the
measures to be taken for avoiding dangers and for alerting people. Traffic and rescue
routes shall be included in the monitoring.
In the case of life hazard, all rooms permanently or occasionally used by external or
disabled persons as well as all adjoining rooms shall be monitored. Potential spreading of
fire smoke shall be prevented as far as possible e.g. by triggering of hold-open systems
of fire protection closures, heat and smoke vents etc.
In the case of a hazard to property, the areas to be protected shall be fully monitored
except for partial areas exposed to low fire loads only and/or areas where fire spread is
not possible.
NOTELow fire loads ≤ 25 MJ (7 kWh) per m2 are e.g. 15 NYM-lines of 3 x 1.5 mm2, 1 m in
length, distributed as uniformly as possible over an area of 1 m x 1 m or a PVC sewage
pipe DN 100 acc. to DIN 19531, 1 m in length, again related to an area of 1 m x 1 m.
Also local protection monitoring according to A.3 is feasible as a support to room
monitoring.
Monitoring shall extend to at least one complete fire compartment or one room separated
in a fire resistant manner by structural elements with at least 90 min fire resistance
according to the national certificate of suitability; i.e. the monitored areas shall be spatially
or structurally separated from unmonitored areas by fire break walls. or
− constitute rooms with fire resistant separation.

The protected areas shall be completely monitored except for cases mentioned under
6.1.3.2. Also the following partial areas for instance shall be included in the monitoring:
– elevator machine rooms;
– transport and transmission shafts;
– cable ducts and shafts, if accessible or equipped with service hatch;

– air conditioning, ventilation systems (air conditioning and ventilation control rooms as
well as air inlet and outlet ducts);
– ducts and shafts for material as well as shafts for waste and the corresponding
collecting bins;
– chambers and fixtures of any type;
– false ceilings and false floors;
– partial areas of rooms formed by racks or similar equipment rose to less than 0.5 m to
ceiling level.
NOTE These areas shall be specified in the installation certificate.
6.1.3.2 Areas excepted from monitoring
Exceptions from monitoring are acceptable for the following defined spaces and areas,
provided these spaces and areas are exposed to no or low fire loads or have fire-
resistant separations by structural elements with at least 90 min fire resistance according
to the national certificate of suitability:
– sanitary rooms e.g. lavatories and toilets, provided no combustible stocks or waste
are kept in these rooms; not, however, common vestibules for sanitary rooms;
15
– inaccessible cable ducts and shafts that have fire-resistant separation (F 90 A) are
separated from other areas by non-combustible structural elements of at least 90 min
fire resistance according to the national certificate of suitability;
– shelters not used for any other purpose;
– outdoor loading ramps;
– rooms protected by an automatic fire extinguishing system with alarms transmitted to
a remote station; unless the fire detection and fire alarm system is required for the
triggering of a fire extinguishing system or for other purposes, e.g. alerting of
persons;
NOTE: This exception is cancelled, when a fire detection and fire alarm system is
required for the triggering of fire extinguishing systems or for other reasons, e.g. alerting
of persons.
– other small areas, unless critical for reasons of fire load, where neither hazard to life
nor smoke spread are possible.
Exceptions from monitoring are also acceptable for false ceilings and false floors
provided that all of the following conditions are met:
– the enclosing elements (ceiling, floor, wall) shall be fire-resistant (building material
class A according to DIN 4102-1);
– the spaces shall be subdivided by fire-resistant elements so as to result in
compartments of maximum 10 m in width and 10 m in length, and the spaces above
and below corridors of less than 3 m in width shall be subdivided by non-combustible
material fire-resistant structural elements so as to result in compartments of a length
not exceeding 20 m;
– the fire load shall be less than 25 MJ, related to an area of 1 m x 1 m.
System floors, double floors and porous screed are exempt from monitoring, provided
that all of the following conditions are met:
– height not exceeding 0.2 m;
– not used for room ventilation.
6.1.4 Detection zones

The area to be protected shall be subdivided into detection zones. The detection zones
shall be defined so as to allow immediate and unambiguous identification of the location
of the alarm and of the fire. This can be accomplished by combining the fire detectors of
one detection zone to form detector groups.
6.1.5 Choice of automatic fire detectors

6.1.5.1 General
The choice of automatic fire detectors shall be based on the use of the room, the
potential development of the incipient fire, the room height, the ambient conditions and
the potential sources of false alarms in the area to be monitored.
Fire detectors for the triggering of fire extinguishing systems
As regards the choice and configuration of fire detectors used to trigger fire extinguishing
systems, both VdS 2496 and the guidelines for the respective type of fire extinguishing
system shall be considered.
6.1.5.2 Fire development
Smoke detectors shall be the first choice where the development of a smouldering fire is
expected in the incipient phase of a fire (smoke development, little heat and no visible
radiation of flames). If a life hazard or damage caused by fire smoke is expected,
preference should also be given to smoke detectors.
16
Smoke, heat and flame detectors or a combination of various types of fire detectors may
be used where an open, rapidly developing fire is expected in the incipient phase (strong
development of heat, radiation of flames and/or heavy development of smoke).
NOTEUV detectors should not be used in environments exposed to dust, UV absorbing
vapours and condensation on the detector. IR flame detectors operating in the CO2-
emission band of the hot flame may not be used for the detection of fires involving
inorganic substances and metals.
Where an outbreak burst of a fire associated with a strong development of smoke is expected,
UV detectors should not be used or if at all in combination with smoke detectors only.
6.1.5.3 Room height
The higher a room or the greater the distance between the seat of the fire and the ceiling,
the larger is the zone of uniform but lower concentration of smoke.
The relationship between the suitability of the individual types of detectors and the room
height is reflected in Table 1.
Higher parts of the ceiling, covering an area of less than 10 % of the aggregate ceiling
surfaces shall remain unconsidered, provided these parts of the ceiling do not exceed in
size 0.6 times the maximum monitoring area of a detector. Otherwise the areas at higher
ceiling heights shall be considered as separate spaces.
Limitations of room height for use of point type smoke detectors
The application of point type smoke detectors is generally limited to a room height of 12 m.
17
Table 1: Suitability of automatic point detectors as a function of room height
Room Point type Line type Aspirating Point type Line type Point type
height smoke smoke smoke heat heat flame
detectors detectors detectors detectors detectors detectors
DIN EN 54-7 DIN EN 54-12 DIN EN 54-20 DIN EN 54-5 DIN EN 54-22 DIN EN 54-10
Classes Classes Classes Classes
A, B and C A1, A2, B, C, A1, and A2, 1, 2 and 3
D, E, F and G B, C, D, E, F
a, b and G
b, e
up to 45 m c
Class A
up to 20 m d c
only d
Classes A
up to 16 m unsuitable and B only c
d
up to 12 m
up to 9 m Class A1 only
up to 7,5 m Class A1 only Class A1 only
up to 6 m
unsuitable
suitable depending on occupancy and ambient conditions (e.g. rapid development of fire and
smoke spread)
suitable
a also detectors of Suffix R or S
b Classes B, C, D, E, F and G suitable for equipment local protection monitoring systems only
c depending on class and arrangement
d permitted, however, detection efficiency to be proven by VdS Schadenverhütung
e also detectors of Suffix I and N (prDIN EN 54-22)
6.1.5.4 Ambient temperature

Automatic fire detectors according to specifications of the manufacturer may be operated in
general at ambient temperatures of -20 °C to +50 °C. Without a manufacturer-specified
service temperature, automatic fire detectors shall be operated exclusively in the
temperature range specified in the corresponding DIN EN 54 set of standards.
Where detectors are operated at ambient temperatures below 0 °C, provision shall be
made to ensure that these detectors are not exposed to freezing.
NOTE: Heat detectors are less suitable in environments subject to strongly varying
ambient temperatures.
6.1.5.5 Air movement
Smoke detectors may be used up to airflow rates of 5 m/s, unless expressly otherwise
indicated in the manufacturer's instructions.
Heat and flame detectors are not subject to any restrictions concerning airflow rates.
18
6.1.5.6 Use of smoke detectors at high air exchange rate conditions

Special measures shall be taken where smoke detectors are used in areas in which due
to high air exchange rates the smoke concentration required for fire detection is not
achieved. The functional chain as a result of smoke detection fire detection shall be
clarified with the operator as early as in the planning stage.
– EXAMPLE: Shut-off of the air circulation in the ventilation systems by special

detectors (e.g. acc. to DIN EN 54-20 or DIN EN 54-27) in order to ensure a perfect
detection by means of the smoke detectors of the ceiling monitoring system (see also
6.2.7.16 and Table B.1)
NOTE: A shut-off of the ventilation system is often not possible.
Smoke tests shall be carried out by VdS Schadenverhütung in the case of concern about
the design in problematic ambient conditions.
6.1.5.7 Vibration
Provision shall be made for vibration free installation sites for flame and line type smoke
detectors. There are no restrictions in terms of potential vibration for other fire detectors.
Where fire detectors are mounted on mechanical equipment, vibration levels shall be
measured in the case of doubt and proof of the suitability of the detectors furnished in the
individual case.
6.1.5.8 Humidity
Smoke detectors and flame detectors may be applied up to a relative humidity of 95 %,
provided the formation of fog and/or condensate is excluded.
6.1.5.9 Smoke, dust and aerosols of similar type
Operationally conditioned occurrence of smoke, dust or similar aerosols may result in
deceptive alarms of smoke detectors. Smoke detectors shall therefore be used in places
only, where deceptive alarms due to the occurrence of such aerosols are largely
excluded and where deposits caused by aerosols are compensated for by additional
servicing. No restrictions are to be observed for heat detectors – except for in extreme
cases (e.g. wet dusts).
6.1.5.10 Effect of light

Heat detectors and point type smoke detectors are not influenced by optical radiation.
Infrared flame detectors may be influenced by modulated IR radiation, e.g. moving parts
of machines, flickering lamps etc.
UV-flame detectors may be influenced by UV sources of radiation, e.g. lighting fixtures with
emissions in the UV-C range (approx. 200 nm), electric arcs or radioactive (ɣ-) radiation.
6.1.5.11 Radioactive radiation
Radioactive radiation may have an influence on the function and the service life of fire
detectors. Proof of the suitability of the fire detectors shall be furnished in the individual
case.
6.1.5.12 Fire detection in critical areas
General
Critical are all areas where deceptive alarms are to be expected due to operational
conditions. This holds true particularly in cases subject to the following conditions:
– dust and lint
– smoke due to operational conditions
– exhaust gases of combustion engines
19
– vapours
– other sources of false alarms (e.g. formation of steam etc.)
When smoke detectors are used in critical areas, these detectors shall be switched to
coincidence detection type B. Preference should be given to multi sensor smoke detectors,
line type smoke detectors or aspirating smoke detectors equipped with VdS-approved
separators and/or filters. A combination of smoke detectors and flame detectors is possible
in individual cases as specified in these guidelines or as specifically coordinated with VdS.
Heat detectors may also be used – according to ambient conditions and fire risk involved.
In these cases coincidence detection type B is not required.
NOTE: Also heat detectors may produce false alarms under critical ambient conditions
(e.g. bakeries). Heat radiation and low ambient temperatures shall be considered also.
Instead of coincidence detection type B other techniques may be applied also, provided
that they are VdS-approved.
Examples of critical areas
The following sources of false alarms as well as the following materials may affect the
correct function of smoke detectors:
– dust, in particular dust producing storage goods, e.g. bulk material
– lint, e.g. in the textile industry
– machining of material such as combustible material, wood, plastics etc.
– residual oil and dirt in touch with machine components
– oil mist, vapours of cutting oils
– exhaust gases of combustion engines, in particular diesel engines
– tobacco smoke
– vapours and aerosols of alcohols and solvents in production, processing and storage
areas
6.1.6 Electrical power supply

If for FDAS the conditions according to DIN VDE 0833-1 (VDE 0833 Part 1):2003-05,
3.9.5.1, are not fulfilled for the operating times 4 h and 30 h, it shall be possible to
maintain the specified function of the FDAS for an operating time of at least 72 h.
The required capacity of the battery depends not only on the power demand of the FDAS
in the quiescent condition, but also on
– the time interval between detection of a mains supply failure; and
– the availability of maintenance staff; and
– the provision of spare parts; and
– the availability of an emergency power supply unit.
It shall be possible to keep up the supply of the alarm system in the quiescent condition
by the battery at least for the following operating time:
– 4 hours in cases where an emergency power supply unit and spare parts are
available for the alarm system and failure of the mains supply is detected at any time
(permanently manned location in charge) and the maintenance staff is available at all
times;
– otherwise 30 hours.
In the case of a standby duration (operating time) of 4 hours (see 6.2.8) the emergency
generator shall be able to maintain the operation of the FDAS for at least 30 h.
20
6.2 Planning
6.2.1 Control and indicating equipment
A fault of the signal processing unit basically may affect detection zones of a total of
maximum 12 000 m2 in size, however, not more than 512 detectors.
The detector groups shall remain functional in the case of a fault of a signal processing
unit affecting detection zones of more than 12 000 m2 in total size or of more than 512
detectors.
The fire alarm condition shall be indicated by a general visual alarm indication and by an
audible signal at a permanently manned location.
In the case of a fire alarm, it shall be warranted that both the alarm devices and the
transmission device can be triggered. The release of the transmission device shall also
be indicated at a permanently manned location.
A fault of the indicating device basically may affect detection zones of a total area of
maximum 12 000 m2 in size, however, not more than 512 detectors. If the total area is
larger than 12 000 m2 or if the number of detectors is assigned to an indicating device
higher than 512, provision shall be made either for
– an additional indicator panel (including decoding device) as a passive reserve; or
– a fire brigade indicator panel according to DIN 14662; or
– a logging device run in parallel.
The area to be protected may be up to 48 000 m2 in size, provided the above conditions
are observed.
In cases where the control and indicating equipment is equipped with redundant signal
processing and indicating devices, the size of the protected area may be larger than
48 000 m2.
6.2.2 Detection zones

A detection zone basically may cover one storey only; exempt are stairwells, light and
elevator shafts and/or structures in form of towers, which are to be combined to separate
detection zones.
A detection zone shall not exceed a fire compartment and should shall not be larger than
1 600 m2 in size.
Failure of a detector or of a peripheral device shall not affect more than one detection
zone.
Several rooms may be combined to form one detection zone only if
– these rooms are adjacent to each other, the number of these rooms does not exceed
five and the total area of these rooms is not larger than 400 m2; or
– these rooms are adjacent to each other, access can be surveyed easily, the total
area does not exceed 1 000 m2 and well visible optical alarm indications identifying
the room affected by the fire are in place close to the entrances. The optical alarm
indicator shall be mounted – where structurally possible – to the wall above the
access door. Marking shall be in accordance with DIN 14623; or
– these rooms are adjacent to each other, the total area does not exceed 1 000 m2 and
the alarm condition of the individual detectors is indicated on the CIE.
21
6.2.3 Detector groups

A detector group shall include detectors of only one detection zone.
Separate detector groups shall be provided for automatic fire detectors and manual call
points. These groups shall comprise not more than either
– 10 manual call points or
– 32 automatic point fire detectors or
– 32 points of a multipoint heat detector or
– one line type smoke detector or
– 32 detection segments of a line type heat detector or
– an evaluating unit individually identifiable aspirating pipe of an aspirating smoke detector.
Automatic fire detectors arranged in areas of false floors, false ceilings or cable ducts
shall be combined to separate detector groups. Otherwise provision shall be made in an
easy way – e.g. by ancillary detector display panels – to identify the partial area in which
detectors have responded.
Detectors in ventilation systems shall be combined to form separate detector groups.
Manual call points in stairwells with more than two basements shall be combined to form
separate detector groups, starting from the access for the fire brigade both in downward
direction to the floors in the basement and in upward direction to the upper floors,
whereby the fire brigade access shall be assigned to the floor area located above.
Provision shall be made for mutually independent disabling of the detector groups.
6.2.4 Alarm areas

The area to be protected shall be subdivided into alarm areas, escape and rescue routes
shall be considered. Triggering of the alarm areas shall comply with the local conditions.
An alarm area shall not exceed a fire compartment. The required and, if applicable, the
additional signalling devices including triggering shall be specified (see 6.1.2).
The internal alarm shall be capable of alerting everybody present in the alarm area.
6.2.5 Transmission paths

The size of the detection zones assigned to a transmission path shall not exceed
6 000 m2. Several fire compartments may be assigned to this transmission path.
However, care shall be taken to ensure that a fault (interruption, short circuit or a fault of
a similar effect on a transmission path, e.g. faulty signal transmission) does not cause a
failure in no more than one detection zone of usually 1 600 m2 maximum, equipped with a
maximum of
– 32 automatic point fire detectors; or
– 32 points of a multipoint heat detector; or
– one line-type smoke detector; or
– one line type heat detector; or
– one evaluating unit of an aspirating smoke detector
with the functions assigned to these detectors
or
one function group assigned to this transmission path.
Functional groups assigned to transmission paths may be the following:
– alarming of one alarm area each;
22
– controlling of hold-open systems;

– controlling of heat and smoke exhaust ventilation systems for one fire compartment
each;
– controlling of one flooding zone each;
– controlling of other fire protection systems per fire compartment;
– recording and indicating of signals and information.
Deviating from the regulation in the foregoing paragraph, the signals indicating a release
of the fire extinguishing systems may be transmitted irrespective of the total area in cases
where the size of a monitoring area of fire extinguishing systems exceeds 6 000 m2
provided the number of flooding zones or alarm valve stations is limited to 8 per loop.
These loops, moreover, shall be used exclusively for the triggering and the transmission
of signals from electrical control and delay devices and for the routing of fire alarms to the
electrical control and delay devices for these flooding zones.
A maximum of 4 fire compartments shall be monitored by one loop system, provided that
these fire compartments are exclusively equipped with manual call points.
6.2.6 Manual call points

6.2.6.1 Arrangement and distribution of manual call points
Manual call points shall
– be installed at clearly visible places;
– be freely accessible;
– be provided – as necessary – with an additional label e.g. according to DIN 4066;
– be mounted so as to ensure that the pushbutton is located 1.4 m ± 0.2 m above floor
level;
– be mounted so as to project minimum 15 mm from the surrounding surface, except
when the location of the manual call point is indicated in another appropriate manner;
– be sufficiently illuminated by daylight or other light sources; if emergency lighting is in
place, the manual call point shall be included;
– be installed in escape and rescue routes, at least at all exits to traffic areas.
Number and place of installation of manual call points shall ensure that a person need not
cover a distance of more than 50 m to the next manual call point.
In hazardous workplaces or according to the use and condition of a building, manual call
points shall be arranged in terms of numbers and installation sites so as to ensure that a
person need not cover a distance of more than 30 m to reach the next manual call point.
6.2.6.2 Decommissioning of manual call points
Each manual call point that has been decommissioned shall be marked with a label
"Außer Betrieb" and "Out of order" that cannot be removed from the outside (font height
at least 0.1 times housing height) and, if so, it shall also be marked with a symbol of a
height that is at least 0.15 times the housing height; the font height shall not exceed the
symbol height. The lettering shall be in accordance with EN ISO 3098-0; 1998 with
lettering ISO 3098-BVL.
These symbols and letterings shall be black with the black area not exceeding 30 % of
the total area of the operating face.
NOTE: A suitable black colour is specified in ISO 3864-1. The actuation element of
manual call points that have been decommissioned shall not be recognisable any longer.
Options for marking the decommissioned state shall be available.
23
6.2.7 Automatic fire detectors

6.2.7.1 General
Automatic fire detectors shall be installed so as to ensure that they can be reached
unobstructed by the phenomenon of fire.
The number and arrangement of automatic fire detectors depend on the type of detector,
the geometry of the room (surface, height, shape of ceiling and roof etc.), application and
ambient conditions of the rooms to be monitored. Automatic fire detectors shall be
selected so as to ensure that fires in the initial phase are reliably detected. They shall be
arranged so as to ensure that false alarms are avoided.
Each room of the protected area shall contain at least one automatic fire detector, except
for rooms with low fire loads or rooms not offering any chance of fire spread. In case of a
hazard to life, even parts of an area into which fire smoke may spread are considered as
rooms.
Ceilings provided with perforations for the purposes of ventilation in force-ventilated
rooms shall be sealed within a radius of 0.5 m around the detector (see also 6.2.7.10).
Detectors in false ceilings may also monitor the space below provided that
– the area of the false ceiling is separated by a uniformly perforated ceiling and
– this ceiling has an open cross section of more than 75 % (related to the total ceiling
area of the corresponding room); and
– the thickness of the ceiling is maximum three times as large as the smallest
perforation hole in the ceiling.
– EXAMPLE: The smallest diameter of a hole in the false ceiling is 10 mm: in this case
the thickness of the ceiling shall not exceed 30 mm.
Basically the monitoring areas of the detectors, the requirements of 6.2.7.2 shall apply to
the total room height, consisting of the height of the room up to the false ceiling plus the
height of the space of the false ceiling.
Stairwells in staircases of a clear width (see also Figure 1 and Figure 2), the minimum
dimension of which is not below 0.5 m, may be monitored up to a room height according
to Table 2 by detectors mounted above the stairwell. In the case of greater room heights,
detectors shall be installed at intermediate levels according to Table 2. Where no stairwell

of the specified clear width is in place, detectors shall be installed for each single floor.
Additional detectors shall be installed in these areas in cases where the corresponding
stair landings exceed the values shown in Figure 7.
Figure 1: Clear width of a stairwell
24
Legend
1 stair landing
2 stairwell: clear width or airspace, enclosed by stair landings and stair heads and often
extending over several floors
3 stairway hole: cut-out for the staircase in the floor ceiling or in a tier of beams
4 fire detector
Figure 2 – Top and sectional view of a stairwell
6.2.7.2 Monitoring area of smoke and heat detectors
The number of point type smoke and heat detectors shall be chosen so as to ensure that
the maximum monitoring areas A indicated in Table 2 are not exceeded.
Table 2: Monitoring areas of point type smoke and heat detectors
Roof pitch α
Surface of the room
Type of automatic fire detector Room height
to be monitored up to 20° over 20°
A A
Point type smoke detectors DIN EN 54-7
up to 80 m
2 Aspirating smoke detectors DIN EN 54-20, up to 12 m 80 m
2
80 m
2
a
Classes A, B and C
2 2
Point type smoke detectors DIN EN 54-7 up to 6 m 60 m 90 m
Aspirating smoke detectors DIN EN 54-20, over 6 m
a 2 2
Classes A, B and C 80 m 110 m
up to 12 m
2 Point type smoke detectors DIN EN 54-7
over 80 m over 12 m
Aspirating smoke detectors DIN EN 54-20, 120 m
2
150 m
2
a, f up to 16 m
Classes A and B
Aspirating smoke detectors DIN EN 54-20, over 16 m
Classes A
a, f e e
up to 20 m
25
Roof pitch α
Surface of the room
Type of automatic fire detector Room height
to be monitored up to 20° over 20°
A A
Point type heat detectors EN 54-5,
c
(Classes A1, A2, B, C, D, E, F, and G)
up to 6 m
Multipoint Line-type heat detectors EN 54-
d, g, h
22, (Classes A1 and A2) 30 m
2
30 m
2
2 Point type heat detectors EN 54-5, Classes

up to 30 m c
A1 up to 7,5 m
Line type heat detectors EN 54-22, Classes
d, g, h
A1
Line-type heat detectors EN 54-22, Class up to 9 m 15 m²
d
A1c
Point type heat detectors EN 54-5,
c 2 2
(Classes A1, A2, B, C, D, E, F, and G) 20 m 40 m
up to 6 m
d, g, h
2
22, (Classes A1 and A2)
over 30 m
Point type heat detectors EN 54-5, Classes
c
A1
up to 7,5 m
d, g, h
22, Classes A1 and A2
Line-type heat detectors EN 54-22, Class
A1
d up to 9 m 15 m² 30 m²
A Maximum monitoring area per detector

Depending on occupancy and ambient conditions (e.g. rapid fire development and
smoke spread)
Angle formed by the roof and ceiling inclination to the horizontal; if a roof or a ceiling
α
has different inclinations, e.g. a shed roof, the smallest angle shall count.
a per suction hole
The room height measured at the highest point shall be considered in the case of
b
pitched roofs.
c Also detectors of Suffix R or S
d per point of a multipoint heat detector

e See Table 1: the maximum monitoring surface shall be specified object-specifically.
Permissible, provided that effectiveness of detection is verified by VdS
f
Schadenverhütung
g See also 6.2.7.12
Line type heat detectors of Classes B-G are designed for local application systems and
h
shall be configured so as to meet the individual needs of the risk involved.
6.2.7.2.1 Coincidence detection

Where point type smoke detectors are arranged in coincidence detection type B the
maximum monitoring areas A for smoke detectors indicated in Table 2 shall be reduced
by at least 30 %.
Coincidence detection type B shall be used in cases where coincidence detection is
provided for the triggering of fire extinguishing systems.
If coincidence detection is provided for the triggering of fire extinguishing systems, the
maximum monitoring areas A per smoke detector as indicated in Table 2 shall be
reduced by 50 %.
When point type heat detectors are arranged in coincidence detection type B, the
maximum monitoring areas A for heat detectors as indicated in Table 2 shall be reduced
by 50 %.
26
In case of coincidence detection type B the space between two detectors operated in
coincidence detection shall not fall below 2.5 m.
On principle, the detectors shall be assigned so as to ensure that neighbouring detectors
in the same room are operated in coincidence detection. In the case of line type heat
detectors, neighbouring sensor lines shall belong to different detectors.
Coincidence detection of more than 2 alarms for achieving the fire alarm condition is not
allowable – except in substantiated cases.
Basically multi-sensor detectors, i.e. detectors able to detect different fire parameters
(e.g. smoke, heat), the maximum monitoring areas A as indicated in Table 2 shall apply
as a function of VdS approval, room height and area of the room to be monitored. Multi-
sensor detectors – if correspondingly approved by VdS – may be equipped with a facility
for switching-off individual sensors; for the remaining not disabled part of the detector the
maximum monitoring areas A (as a function of room height and surface of the room to be
protected) as indicated in Table 2 continue to apply. Moreover, this single part of the
detector shall comply with the corresponding standard, e.g. DIN EN 54-5 or DIN EN 54-7.
Multi-sensor detectors are not considered to be integrated coincidence detection type B,
since the sensors are not spatially separated from each other.
NOTEIf detectors are used, which detect different phenomena of fire, the time until
indication of the fire alarm condition may become longer.
In individual cases deviating specifications may apply to the prevention of false alarms.
6.2.7.3 Split of the space to be monitored into monitoring areas
The detectors by splitting of the space to be monitored into monitoring areas (Table 2)
should be arranged so as to ensure that the largest distances of the detectors (also
sensor points or suction holes) to randomly selected points with all detectors at ceiling
level are almost the same in rooms and corridors.
For the largest distance (horizontal distance) between an automatic point type smoke and
heat detector (also sensor point or suction hole) and a randomly selected point at ceiling
level is called the DH dimension.
Either adherence to the DH dimension or adherence to the maximum width to height ratio
shall be checked for changing a monitoring area from the ideal square surface to a
coextensive rectangular surface:

The DH dimension determined shall not exceed the values indicated for smoke detectors
(or suction holes) shown in Figure 3 and Table 3a and those for heat detectors (or sensor
points) shown in Figure 4 and Table 3b, considering the roof pitch and the maximum
monitoring area A.
The side lengths of the rectangular surface shall not exceed the ratios indicated in Table 3:
27
Table 3: Max. width to height ratio of the monitoring areas
Roof pitch Smoke detector Heat detector

α to 20° 2:3 1:2
α over 20° 1:3 1:4
Legend
A maximum monitoring area per detector (or suction hole)
D largest horizontal distance of a randomly selected point at ceiling level to the next detector (or suction hole)
H
α angle of the roof/ceiling pitch to the horizontal plane; where a roof or ceiling has various angles of
inclination, e.g. shed roofs, it is the smallest existing angle of inclination that counts
Figure 3: Horizontal distances for point type smoke detectors according to DIN EN 54-7
or DIN EN 54-20
Legend:
A Maximum monitoring area per detector (or sensor point)
D Largest horizontal distance of a randomly selected point at ceiling level to the next detector (or sensor point)
H
α Angle of roof/ceiling pitch to the horizontal plane; where a roof or a ceiling has various angles of
inclination, e.g. shed roofs, it is the smallest existing angle of inclination that counts
28
Figure 4: Horizontal distances for point type or multipoint heat detectors according to DIN
EN 54-5 or DIN EN 54-22
In the absence of the ideal monitoring area of square shape, the following ratios of width
to height a and b shall be observed:
b/[m]
12
11
10
9 42 m², DH=4,8 m 80 m², DH=6,6 m
7
60 m², DH=5,7 m
6
5 40 m², DH=4,7 m
30 m², DH=4,1 m
4 a/[m]
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
VdS Fig. 1: Smoke detectors – Roof pitch α up to 20°

b/[m]
18
77 m², DH = 8 m 80 m², DH = 8,2 m
16
90 m², DH = 8,7 m
14
110 m², DH = 9,6 m
12
10
4 63 m², DH = 7,2 m
45 m², DH = 6,1 m
55 m², DH = 6,8 m
2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 a/[m]
29
VdS Fig. 2: Smoke detectors – Roof pitch α over 20°
b/[m]
6 30 m², DH = 4,4 m
21 m², DH = 3,6 m
3 20 m², DH = 3,5 m
15 m², DH = 3,1 m
10 m², DH = 2,5 m 14 m², DH = 3 m
2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 a/[m]
VdS Fig. 3: Heat detectors – Roof pitch α up to 20°

b/[m]
13
11
40 m², DH = 8 m
7 30 m², DH = 5,7 m
28 m², DH = 5,5 m
5 21 m², DH = 4,7 m
15 m², DH = 4 m 20 m², DH = 4,6 m

1 a/[m]
1 3 5 7 9 11 13
VdS Fig. 4: Heat detectors – Roof pitch α over 20°
30
For exact values of the DH values resulting from the different applications, please refer to
Tables 3a and 3b.
Table 3a: DH-values as a function of the maximum monitoring area for point type smoke
detectors and points of aspirating smoke detectors
Roof pitch α Roof pitch α

A: up to 20° over 20° A: up to 20° over 20°
DH DH
12.5 m² 2.6 m 3.2 m 63.0 m 5.8 m 7.2 m
15.0 m² 2.9 m 3.5 m 66.0 m 6.0 m 7.4 m
17.5 m² 3.1 m 3.8 m 67.0 m 6.0 m 7.5 m
18.0 m² 3.1 m 3.9 m 72.0 m 6.2 m 7.7 m
20.0 m² 3.3 m 4.1 m 75.5 m 6.4 m 7.9 m
21.0 m² 3.4 m 4.2 m 77.0 m 6.5 m 8.0 m
24.0 m² 3.6 m 4.5 m 80.0 m 6.6 m 8.2 m
25.0 m² 3.7 m 4.6 m 84.0 m 6.7 m 8.4 m
28.0 m² 3.9 m 4.8 m 90.0 m 7.0 m 8.7 m
30.0 m² 4.0 m 5.0 m 92.5 m 7.1 m 8.8 m
33.6 m² 4.3 m 5.3 m 96.0 m 7.2 m 8.9 m
36.0 m² 4.4 m 5.5 m 100.5 m 7.4 m 9.2 m
40.0 m² 4.7 m 5.8 m 105.0 m 7.5 m 9.4 m
42.0 m² 4.8 m 5.9 m 108.0 m 7.6 m 9.5 m
45.0 m² 4.9 m 6.1 m 110.0 m 7.7 m 9.6 m
48.0 m² 5.1 m 6.3 m 120.0 m 8.1 m 10.0 m
50.5 m² 5.2 m 6.5 m 126.0 m 8.3 m 10.2 m
54.0 m² 5.4 m 6.7 m 132.0 m 8.5 m 10.5 m
55.0 m² 5.5 m 6.8 m 144.0 m 8.8 m 11.0 m
56.0 m² 5.5 m 6.8 m 150.0 m 9.0 m 11.2 m
60.0 m² 5.7 m 7.1 m 180.0 m 9.9 m 12.2 m
Table 3b: DH –values as a function of the maximum monitoring area for point type and
multipoint heat detectors
Roof pitch α
A: up to 20° α>20°
DH
7.5 m² 2.2 m 2.8 m

9.0 m² 2.4 m 3.1 m
10.0 m² 2.5 m 3.3 m
12.0 m² 2.7 m 3.6 m
15.0 m² 3.1 m 4.0 m
18.0 m² 3.4 m 4.4 m
20.0 m² 3.5 m 4.6 m
24.0 m² 3.9 m 5.0 m
30.0 m² 4.3 m 5.6 m
36.0 m² 4.7 m 6.2 m
40.0 m² 5.0 m 6.5 m
48.0 m² 5.5 m 7.1 m
31
6.2.7.4 Arrangement of point type smoke and heat detectors (also sensor points
or suction holes) on ceilings with ceiling joists
6.2.7.4.1 Subdividing elements to be considered

Ceiling joists, ventilation ducts and other elements subdividing the ceiling of a height of
more than 3 % of the room height, however, from a minimum height of higher than 0.2 m
only, shall be considered if directly attached to the ceiling.
Height D of these subdividing elements is determined perpendicular to the surface of the
roof.
Figure 5:Free spaces due to spacers

If ceiling bays formed by subdividing elements that need be considered are less than or
equal to 0.6 times the maximum monitoring area A indicated in Table 2 for point type
automatic smoke and heat detectors (also sensor points or suction holes), one detector
(also sensor points or suction holes) may be used for monitoring several ceiling bays of
not more than 1.2 times the size of the maximum monitoring area A indicated in Table 2,
provided the corresponding horizontal distance DH shown in Figure 3 and Table 3a for
smoke detectors and in Figure 4 and Table 3b for heat detectors is not exceeded. In
cases where the individual ceiling bay formed by subdividing elements to be considered
is larger than 0.6 A, each ceiling bay shall be equipped with detectors (also sensor points
or suction holes).
NOTE: Where 1.2 times the maximum monitoring area A indicated in Table 2 is applied,
the corresponding maximum horizontal distance DH for smoke detectors according to
Figure 3 and Table 3a and for heat detectors according to Figure 4 and Table 3b shall be
determined related to this increased monitoring area.
Smoke detectors (or suction holes) may be installed on the subdividing elements where
the distance of the subdividing elements to each other is less than 1 m.
6.2.7.4.2 Subdividing elements not to be considered

Where provision between the subdividing elements and the ceiling is made for spacers of
– a minimum height of 0.25 m and
– a height D greater than 3 % of the room height and
– where the open space is greater than 75 % of the total area between the subdividing
elements and the ceiling
Subdividing elements – no matter which height – need not be considered, provided the
spacers themselves are not ceiling subdividing elements. These shall be treated in such
a case as described above.
32
In cases where subdividing elements attached to the ceiling need not be considered,
point type smoke detectors (or suction holes) may be installed on these subdividing
elements.
6.2.7.4.3 Greater subdividing heights or greater ceiling bays

Point type smoke or heat detectors (also sensor points or suction holes) shall be provided
for each individual ceiling bay in cases where the height of the subdividing elements
exceeds 0.8 m.
If a ceiling bay is larger than 1.2 times the monitoring area A indicated in Table 2, this
ceiling bay shall be treated as an individual room.
6.2.7.5 Arrangement of point type smoke and heat detectors (also sensor points
or suction holes) in narrow aisles and narrow ceiling bays
In corridors and ceiling bays up to 3 m in width, detectors may be spaced as follows:
Heat detectors (or sensor points) up to 10 m apart from each other, in the case of
coincidence detection type B up to 5 m ,
Smoke detectors (or suction holes) up to 15 m apart from each other, in the case of
coincidence detection type B up to 11 m or 7.5 m when triggering fire extinguishing
systems.
Smoke detectors may be installed on the subdividing elements where the distance of the
subdividing elements to each other is less than 1 m.
In this case the maximum monitored area of each point type smoke detector shall not be
exceeded. The distance of the detector (distance of the sensors or suction holes also) to
the front end of the aisle or of the ceiling bay shall not be greater than half of the
distances specified above. Provision shall be made for always one detector (also sensor
point or suction hole) in areas of crossings, junctions and corners of aisles. The area of
junctions also includes recesses of more than 1 m in depth and maximum 3 m in width.
6.2.7.6 Distance of point type smoke and heat detectors (also sensor points or
suction holes) to walls
The distance of detectors (also sensor points or suction holes) to walls shall not be less
than 0.5 m, except for aisles, tunnels and similar structures of less than 1 m in width.
Where subdividing elements, beams or air conditioning ducts are mounted below the
ceiling reaching closer than 0.25 m to the ceiling, the lateral distance to these elements
shall also be 0.5 m at a minimum.
6.2.7.7 Distance of point type smoke and heat detectors (also sensor points or
suction holes) to stored goods, equipment and fixed components
On principle, the horizontal and vertical distance of the detectors (also sensor points or
suction holes) to stored material or equipment shall not be less than 0.5 m at any point. In
the case of distances of the detectors (also sensor points or suction holes) shorter than
0.5 m to fixed components such as ducts, pipework or lighting fixtures, but also in the
case of greater distances e.g. in the area of air outlet openings, provision shall be made
to ensure that the phenomenon of fire can reach the detectors (also sensor points or
suction holes) unobstructed.
6.2.7.8 Distance and position of point type smoke and heat detectors (also
sensor points or suction holes) to ceilings and roofs
Basically, point type detectors shall be installed in horizontal position. Where roof pitches
α up to 20° are to be considered, the detectors – unless installed in suspended position –
may be fixed directly to the ceiling considering the same angle of inclination.
Basically, point type heat detectors shall not be installed in suspended position.
33
Suction holes of aspirating smoke detectors – unless installed in suspended position –

may be installed along the course of the ceiling.
Multipoint heat detectors shall be spaced along the ceiling as indicated by the manufacturer.
The required distances DL of the detectors (or suction holes) in the case of point type
smoke detectors (or suction holes) to the ceiling or roof result from the height of rooms to
be monitored, the pitch of the roof and the expected formation of a pocket of warm
boundary layer considering the shape of the ceiling or roof; for standard values for
distances please refer to Table 4.
Table 4: Distance of point type smoke detectors (or suction holes) to ceilings and roofs
Roof pitch α
Room height RH up to 20° over 20°
DL DL
up to 6 m up to 0.25 m 0.2 m to 0.5 m
over 6 m to 12 m up to 0.4 m 0.35 to 1.0 m
a
(over 12 m to 16 m) 0.25 m to 0.6 m 0.5 m to 1.2 m
b
(over 16 m to 20 m) 0.5 m to 0.9 m 1 m to 1.5 m
DL distance of smoke-sensitive element to ceiling or roof
α angle formed by the roof/ceiling pitch to the horizontal plane; in cases where a roof or a ceiling
has various angles of inclination, e.g. shed roofs, it is the smallest existing angle of inclination
that counts
allowed for aspirating smoke detectors only, depending on type of use and ambient conditions
(e.g. rapid smoke development and spread), effectiveness of detection to be proven by VdS
Schadenverhütung.
a aspirating smoke detectors of Classes A and B
b aspirating smoke detector of Class A
6.2.7.9 Arrangement and spacing of smoke detectors (or suction holes) on

various shapes of roofs and ceilings
In rooms with roofs of a pitch α greater than 20°, e.g. pitched, gable or hip roofs, and rooms
with vault shaped ceilings of an average angle of inclination α greater than 20°, provision
shall be made for a row of point type detectors (or suction holes)with spacing in accordance
with 6.2.7.3, or one or, if required, several line type smoke detectors arranged vertically
(perpendicularly) below the roof ridge or below the highest point of the room at a
suspension length of DL – for point type smoke detectors (or suction holes) according to
Table 4, for line type smoke detectors according to Table 5.
In rooms with shed roofs of a shed height HS greater than 0.6 m, each shed – as
illustrated in Figure 6 – shall be equipped with a row of point type detectors (or suction
holes) or with one or as necessary with several line type smoke detectors. The detectors
shall be mounted to the roof surface with the smaller pitch spaced at a distance DV from
the ridge at a suspension length of DL, whereby a distance DV of at least 0.5 m shall be
kept. In the case of shed widths WS greater than 7.5 m, additional detectors shall be
provided as outlined under 6.2.7.1 (see Figure 6).
In cases where additional rows of point or line type detectors are required, distance DL
from the roof as for roof pitches α up to 20° shall be provided for all shapes of roofs.
NOTE: The average inclination α of a vault-shaped ceiling results from the angle formed
by the horizontal plane with a straight line connecting the incipient point of the vault at the
vertical plane with the crown of the vault.
34
The following simplified assumption is made for the calculation of inclination α :

− less or equal 20°, if GH/GB ≤ 0.2;
− greater 20°, if GH/GB > 0.2;
where
GH = RH − VHheight of vault;
GBwidth of vault.
see Figure 6.
Figure 6: Arrangement and spacing of smoke detector for different roof and ceiling shapes
6.2.7.10 Arrangement of point type smoke and heat detectors below platforms,
grating or similar facilities
Where the height of a room is subdivided by solid platforms or platforms in form of
grating, additional smoke or heat detectors shall be installed below these facilities, in cases
where all three factors of influence (length, width and surface of platform) as a function of
detector mounting height h exceed the limit values of l, b and F indicated in Figure 7.
Grating shall be treated on equal terms to solid platforms, due to potential occupancies.
For detectors mounted below platforms made of grating, the areas of the grating around
the detector shall be closed within a radius of minimum 0.5 m. This doesn´t apply when
such platforms meet the requirements for perforated ceilings according to 6.2.7.1.
In the case of several platforms one on top of the other, no more than the lowest level
shall be equipped with smoke or heat detectors, provided the platform levels above are
exposed to low fire loads only.
35
Type of
Height h Platform Platform Platform
automatic fire length l width b area F
detector
Heat detectors up to 7.5 m from 2 m from 2 m from 9 m
2
DIN EN 54-5
and
DIN EN 54-22
Smoke up to 6 m from 2 m from 2 m from 16 m

2
detectors
DIN EN 54-7,
DIN EN 54-12
over 6 m from 3.5 m from 3.5 m from
and 2
up to 12 m 38.5 m
DIN EN 54-20
depending on type of use and ambient conditions (e.g. rapid fire development and smoke
spread) not suitable
Figure 7: Need for Installation of point type smoke and heat detectors
6.2.7.11 Arrangement and spacing of line type smoke detectors

The number of line type smoke detectors shall be chosen so as to ensure that the
maximum monitoring areas A indicated in Table 5 are not exceeded. The detectors shall
be distributed so as to ensure that no point on the ceiling is farther away from the centre
line of the beam (horizontal distance DH) than indicated in Table 5 and that the distance
between two beams run in parallel is not greater than double the horizontal distance DH.
The centre line of the monitoring beam shall not be closer to walls, equipment or stored
goods than 0.5 m. Recesses in subdividing elements of the ceiling passed by the light
beam are not affected by this rule.
A maximum distance of 100 m between transmitter and receiver or between
transmitter/receiver unit and a reflector is allowable for line type smoke detectors.
NOTE: Condensation and/or icing of optical components e.g. reflector shall be avoided.
Stratification layer below roof surfaces may contribute to preventing rising smoke from
reaching the ceiling. The detector shall therefore be mounted below an expected stratification
layer, which in turn may result in that the guide values for D indicated in Table 5 for D need be
exceeded. As a supplement to line type smoke detectors mounted below ceiling level,
additional line type smoke detectors may be mounted in an additional level below.
Where line type smoke detectors are arranged in a coincidence detection type B, the
monitoring areas specified in Table 5 need not be reduced.
Line type smoke detectors installed on ceilings with subdividing elements shall be arranged
as outlined under 6.2.7.4.
Table 5: Spacing and monitoring areas of line type smoke detectors
Room height RH DH A Roof pitch α
up to 20° over 20°
DL DL
2
up to 6 m 6m 1,200 m 0.3 m to 0,5 m 0.3 m to 0.5 m
2
over 6 m to 12 m 6.5 m 1,300 m 0.4 m to 0.7 m 0.4 m to 0.9 m
2
over 12 m to 16 m* 7m 1,400 m 0.6 to 0.9 m 0.8 m to 1.2 m
) ) 2
over 16 m to 20 m* ** 7.5 m 1,500 m 0.8 m to 1.1 m 1.2 m to 1.5 m
36
DH largest allowable horizontal distance of any point on ceiling level to the next beam
A maximum monitoring area per detector as twice the product of the largest allowable horizontal
distance DH with the largest allowable distance between transmitter and receiver or transmitter/
receiver unit and reflector
DL distance of detector to ceiling or roof
α angle formed by the roof/ceiling pitch with the horizontal plane: where a roof or a ceiling has various angles
of inclination e.g. shed roofs, it is the smallest existing inclination that has to be taken into account
depending on occupancy and ambient conditions (e.g. rapid fire development and smoke spread)
*)
provision of a second monitoring level is recommended at room heights exceeding 12 m; detectors
on the lower monitoring level shall be arranged in staggered configuration in relation to those on the
upper monitoring level
**) acceptable, provided efficacy of detection proven by VdS Schadenverhütung
6.2.7.12 Arrangement of line type heat detectors

The arrangement of line type heat detectors shall be chosen so as to ensure that no point
at the ceiling is more distant from the sensor line, horizontal distance DH, than indicated in
Table 6 and that the distance between two sensor lines run in parallel is not larger than
twice the horizontal distance DH indicated in Table 6.
The arrangement of line type heat detectors shall be chosen so as to ensure that the
space between two sensor lines run in parallel is not larger than twice the horizontal
distance DH.
The sensor line shall not be arranged closer than 0.5 m to walls, equipment or stored
material. Recesses in subdividing elements of the ceiling through which die sensor line is
run are not affected by this rule.
For details regarding the room height please refer to Table 1.
Table 6: Distances and monitoring areas of line type heat detectors
Roof pitch α
Room size up to 20° over 20°
DH DH
up to 30 m² 4,4 m 4,4 m
up to 30 m² 3,5 m 5,0 m
DH largest allowable horizontal distance of any point on ceiling level to the nearest sensor line
α angle formed by the roof/ceiling pitch to the horizontal plane; where a roof or a ceiling has various
angles of inclination e.g. shed roofs, it is the smallest existing inclination that counts
With coincidence detection type B, the DH dimension indicated in Table 6 shall be

reduced by 30 %, and with the triggering of fire extinguishing systems by 50 %.
Where line type heat detectors exceed a monitoring area it is appropriate to ensure that
the room or part of the room in which the fire has been detected, can be clearly assigned
to a detector group and is unmistakably indicated on the control and indicating
equipment.
Not more than one detection zone shall be affected in the case of a failure caused e.g. by
a damaged sensor line.
The sensor line shall be installed according to the manufacturer's instructions directly on
the ceiling, however, in a way that there is no thermal contact.
The response behaviour of integrating line type heat detectors does not only depend on
the response class defined but also on the length of the part of the sensor line exposed to
heat. Extensive heating of the sensor line shall thus be considered as a potential source
of false alarms.
37
6.2.7.13 Arrangement of multipoint heat detectors

The detection points of multipoint heat detectors shall be planned as for point type heat
detectors according to DIN EN 54-5.
The horizontal distances with coincidence detection type B shall be reduced by 30 %, and
with the triggering of fire extinguishing systems by 50 %.
Where multipoint heat detectors exceed a monitoring area, it is appropriate to ensure that
the detection points are unambiguously assigned to one detector group and that this
detector group is indicated on the control and indicating equipment.
Not more than one detection zone shall be affected in the case of a failure caused e.g. by
a damaged sensor line.
The sensor line shall be installed according to the manufacturer's instructions directly on
the ceiling, however, in a way that there is no thermal contact.
6.2.7.14 Arrangement of point type flame detectors
Numbers, installation and orientation of flame detectors shall be chosen so as to warrant a
sufficiently effective and preferably consistent monitoring of the room. As a result the
required number of flame detectors depends on the room volume to be monitored and the
local conditions.
Since the rays of flames – same as light – spread in linear direction, efforts should be made
to reach a direct line of sight between a potential scene of fire and the flame detector. Fixed
components or other obstacles likely to produce shadows shall be considered.
When mounting flame detectors in corners of rooms or on walls, the optical axis of the
detector shall be aligned at an angle of 45° in relation to the floor and to a wall, to provide
for a rotationally symmetric opening angle of minimum 90° of the flame detector for
monitoring of a cuboid shaped room volume. The assignment of the maximum allowable
edge lengths of the cuboid to the flame detector class is given in Figure 8.
The values regarding opening angles indicated in the VdS approval certificate and the
manufacturer's specifications shall be observed.
Detectors with different viewing angles switched in coincidence detection type B shall be
oriented towards the same area to be monitored.
Flame detector Maximum edge D0, (maximum distance

DIN EN 54-10 length to the most remote
(a, b, RH ) point in the room*)
Class 1 26 m 45 m
Class 2 20 m 33 m
Class 3 13 m 23 m
)
* corresponds to the maximum edge length of a cube of (a, b or RH) × √3 .
38
Figure 8: Arrangement and monitoring area of flame detectors mounted in corners of

rooms and on walls
The monitoring areas of flame detectors installed in rooms of more than 26 m in height
RH shall be determined separately for each case.
6.2.7.15 Arrangement of aspirating smoke detectors

Suction holes of aspirating smoke detectors shall be planned as indicated for point type
smoke detectors in accordance with DIN EN 54-7.
The number and arrangement of the suction holes shall be chosen so as to ensure that
the maximum monitoring areas A for smoke detectors in accordance with DIN EN 54-7
indicated in Table 2 are not exceeded for the individual suction hole.
Only aspirating smoke detectors in accordance with DIN EN 54-20, Class A or B shall be
used for room heights exceeding 12 m.
NOTE: For details of the classification of aspirating smoke detectors see Annex B.
The total monitoring area of an aspirating smoke detector shall not exceed one detection
zone and shall not be larger than 1 600 m2.
Pipework of aspirating smoke detectors with suction holes may be installed in vertical
position along elevator shafts as an exception from the rule of an otherwise horizontal
arrangement. In cases where the pipe is run halfway between the elevator shafts, a
maximum of 2 directly neighbouring shafts open towards each other may be monitored by
an aspirating smoke detector.

6.2.7.16 Arrangement of detectors in ventilation ducts
Only specifically appropriate VdS-approved detectors shall be used for ventilation ducts.
Detectors in ventilation shafts shall be installed in straight sections of the ventilation duct
without confluences and fixed components and downstream of ≥ 45° bends at a distance
of minimum three times the duct diameter (see Figure 9)
– three times the duct diameter d for round duct cross sections (see Fig. 9a: Arrangement
of detectors in ventilation ducts downstream of elbows in round duct cross sections) and
– three times the equivalent cross section dgw = (2*W*H)/(W+H) for rectangular duct
cross sections (see Fig. 9b: Arrangement of detectors in ventilation ducts downstream
of elbows in rectangular duct cross sections).
NOTE: The equivalent diameter is the diameter of a straight air duct with rectangular cross
section resulting in the same pressure loss as in the equally long round air duct at equal air
volume flow and equal pipe friction coefficient.
39
Legend:
1 air flow
2 detection point
3 diameter d of ventilation duct
4 minimum distance of detection point from bends and elbows
Fig. 9a - Arrangement of detectors in ventilation ducts downstream of elbows in

round duct cross sections
Legend:
1 air flow
2 detection point
3 width W of ventilation duct
4 minimum distance of the detection point from bends and elbows
5 height H of ventilation duct
Figure 9: Arrangement of detectors in ventilation ducts downstream of elbows
40
Detectors shall be provided as a minimum precaution

– in the inlet air duct downstream of the fan viewed in flow direction and
– in the exhaust air duct upstream of the fan viewed in flow direction
The detectors within the ventilation system shall be combined to form separate detector
groups so as to ensure that no detector group exceeds a fire compartment.
6.2.8 Power supply

For dimensioning a standby power source, in addition to DIN VDE 0833-1
(VDE 0833 Part 1):2003-05, 3.9.5.2, the highest power demand for a change in operating
condition recorded over a period of operation of 0.5 h (alarm period) after expiry of the
operating time (autonomy) in accordance with 6.1.6 shall be considered.
NOTE: The determination of this power requirement shall be based on the fire compartment
with the highest power requirement. The mean value is decisive for dimensioning. One time
peak values lasting for not longer than 1.5 minute need not be considered.
The required capacity K (in Ah) of the standby power source is computed as follows:
K = 1.25 (I1 × t1 + I2 × t2)
where
t1 = autonomy, in hours;
t2 = alarm period, in hours;
I1 = total current absorbed by the FDAS upon failure of the main power source
at risk of failure, in Ampere;
I2 = total current absorbed by the fire detection and fire alarm system during
alarm period, in Ampere.
Where the fault signal indicating a failure of the main power source at risk of failure is
delayed, the delay time shall be added to the bridging time. The factor 1.25 of this
equation need be considered for bridging times of less than 24 h.
The required power for the individual control operations of fire protection devices shall be
considered in an energy budget to be prepared for the entire system. The energy budget
is a component part of the documentation of the system.
Only VdS-approved accumulator batteries may be used in the power supply equipment.
Unless otherwise indicated in the approval certificate, these batteries shall be replaced at
least every four years from the date of manufacture.
No system-external consumers shall be connected to the batteries.
A standby power generator for the supply of the control and indicating equipment shall be
provided with the necessary facilities for an automatic connection.
6.3 Alarm
The alarm devices shall be triggered according to the specifications of the alarm
organisation.
6.3.1 Remote alarm

In cases where the responsible centre on site is not permanently manned by properly
instructed personnel, a response authority at a permanently manned place shall be
alarmed through a transmission system according to DIN 14675.
Transmission devices for fire alarms and fault warnings shall be connected to one or
several control lines exclusively dedicated to that purpose.
41
Fire alarms raised by fire detection and fire alarm systems that are not required by the
supervisory building authorities may also be transmitted to a VdS-approved security
company (see VdS 2136, VdS-approved security companies – Directory). The
responsible fire brigade, however, shall at least be informed of the existence of a fire
6.3.2 External alarm

For exclusive external alarming, provision shall be made for at least two audible and one
visual external alarm devices.
6.3.3 Internal alarm

Type and scope of internal alarm depends on the alarm organisation and shall be defined
in cooperation with the operator as a function of the occupancy of the building.
Care shall be taken to ensure that each alarm area is alarmed by an audible alarm and/or
an additional visual alarm, if necessary.
The signals of the alarm devices shall be clearly distinct from operational signals and
shall – in the case of an audible alarm – exceed the general level of noise (threshold of
discomfort) by 10 dB (A) at any time. The signal of the internal sounders shall comply with
DIN 33404-3. In areas where audible signals turn out to be ineffective e.g. high
background noise, hard of hearing people, workers wearing hearing protection, visual
and/or tactile signals shall be used as an additional help to audible signals.
The sound level in rest areas shall be minimum 75 dB(A) measured at ear level of
sleeping persons.
The alarm devices shall be marked with the inscription "Fire alarm".
The normative signalling devices, see 4.3, Note 1, shall be triggered by monitored
transmission paths. Where audible and/or visual signals in the alarm area are additionally
triggered by the FDAS and where the signalling devices provided for these purposes are
not triggered by monitored transmission paths, these devices – that are not a component
part of the FDAS – shall not impair the proper function of the FDAS. If these signalling
devices are energised by the fire detection and fire alarm system, the required additional
power shall be considered in the energy balance of the fire detection and fire alarm
system.
Voice alarm shall be clear and understandable. Voice alarm shall be preceded by the
signal according to DIN 33404-3 lasting for 4 s to 10 s, followed by a pause of 1 s to 2 s
unless the alarm is a silent alarm according to DIN 14675.
DIN VDE 0833-4 (VDE 0833-4) shall be considered in cases where internal alarms are
raised by voice through a voice alarm system.
6.3.4 Triggering of transmission devices in the case of fault warnings

Fault warnings shall be transmitted automatically and without delay to a VdS-approved
security company or any other permanently manned authority.
In the case of a bridging time of 30 hours under power failure conditions, the automatic
transmission of fault warnings may be designed in form of a demand-controlled
connection of the following quality according to DIN EN 50136-1-1:
Time required for transmission D0 = 240 s
Max. time required for transmission M1 = 480 s
Monitoring interval T2 = 25 h
Monthly availability A3 = 95 %
42
6.4 Design
6.4.1 Automatic fire detectors
6.4.1.1 General
Smoke and heat detectors for room monitoring shall not be exposed to the direct intake
airflow of air conditioning and ventilation systems.
6.4.1.2 Heat detectors
Heat detectors shall not be installed at points where due to natural or operational heat
sources the ambient temperature may rise to levels at which an unwanted response of
the detector is likely to occur. Exposure to direct sun radiation shall be avoided and all
equipment likely to produce heat radiation, hot air or hot vapours need be considered.
This applies in particular to integrating line type heat detectors.
Table C.1 contains the service and response temperatures of the individual classes of
heat detectors according to DIN EN 54-5 : 2001-03 and prEN 54-22.
Heat detectors according to DIN EN 54-5 :2001-03 of Suffix R are particularly suitable for
application in unheated buildings characterised by strong variations in temperature,
however, high rates of rise not lasting for long. Heat detectors of Suffix S are particularly
suitable for applications characterised by higher rates of rise in temperatures over longer
periods of time, e.g. in boiler rooms or kitchens.
6.4.1.3 Smoke detectors
Ionisation smoke detectors are suitable for the detection of smoke producing fires, however,
in particular for the detection of small particle size aerosols as released by open fires. The
colour of the particles is of no influence. Exclusively detectors equipped with a mechanical
protection against removal may be installed at easily accessible sites of installation.
NOTE: Easily accessible sites of installation are places where the detector can be
reached by use of easily available ways and means such as a chair, table or ladder.
Optical smoke detectors using scattered light are suitable for the detection of smoke
producing fires releasing particles of large size and bright colour – hence all types of fires
characterised by a bright and visible smoke.
Optical smoke detectors using transmitted light are suitable for the detection of smoke
producing fires releasing particles both of bright and dark colour.
Line-type smoke detectors are suitable for the monitoring of large size halls, high rooms,
cable and utility ducts or rooms with ceilings where no other type of detector may be used
due to special requirements (e.g. art historically of high value).
Line-type smoke detectors shall be arranged so as to provide for a permanent visual
communication between transmitter and receiver respectively transmitter/receiver unit
and the reflector. The optical beam shall not be interrupted by moving objects (e.g. a
travelling crane) since this would result in fault warnings or false alarms. The detectors
shall be mounted on a stable support that is free from vibrations. Account shall be taken
of temperature variations that may cause an expansion of metal structures (e.g. steel
girders) and that may result in that the focussed beam moves away from the receiver –
which in turn would result again in a fault warning or in false alarms.
When smoke detectors are installed in rooms of low height (room heights up to 3 m),
measures shall be taken to make sure that a response of the detectors to cigarette
smoking is avoided.
Measures to achieve this are for instance:
– Arrangement of detectors outside the ceiling areas located directly above fixed
workplaces,
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– Replacement of smoke detectors by heat detectors,

– No smoking regulations.
6.4.1.4 Flame detectors
Flame detectors are particularly suitable for areas where the development of an open
flame is expected right from the outset of a fire (e.g. storage facilities for flammable
liquids or gases). Due to the relatively large area that can be monitored by flame
detectors, their specific field of application are large and high halls considering the
expected development of a fire and the potential sources for false alarms.
Basically flame detectors responding to one wavelength range only, the alarm condition
of one flame detector may not result in a fire alarm condition. These flame detectors shall
therefore be configured in coincidence detection Typ B. Thereby, different viewing angles
are required. Basically flame detectors responding to two or more wavelength ranges with
the objective of avoiding false alarms, the alarm condition of one detector may raise a fire
alarm.
The propagation of the flame radiation depends on the ratio of radiation wavelength to the
size of particles (smoke particles) in the monitored room. If also fires with an incipient
smouldering phase are feasible in the monitored area, which may result in smoke logging
of the room, preference should be given to infrared detectors. Smoke can be penetrated
by infrared radiation, whereas ultraviolet radiation may be absorbed by smoke.
Flame detectors may raise false alarms due to external factors of influence. Flame
detectors may eventually be protected against sources of false alarms by special
measures e.g. apertures and covers.
6.4.2 False alarm prevention

6.4.2.1 Ambient conditions
False alarms may be raised in areas where as a result of operations the following factors
of influence are to be expected:
– dust and fluff;
– processing of material, such as combustible material, wood, plastics etc.
– residual oil and dirt in contact with hot parts of the machines
– oil mist, vapours of cutting oil

– smoke generated for operational reasons
– exhaust gases of combustion engines
– vapours
– tobacco smoke
– other sources for false alarms (e.g. water steam etc.)
Besides choosing the suitable type of detector, fire detection and fire alarm systems with
automatic fire detectors can be designed and operated in form of the three following
operating modes in order to prevent false alarms:
NOTE: The measures described under 6.4.2.3 and 6.4.2.4 are not allowable for manual
call points.
6.4.2.2 NM Mode, fire detection and fire alarm systems without specific measures
for the prevention of false alarms
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6.4.2.3 TM Mode, fire detection and fire alarm systems with technical measures
These measures may consist of:
− Verification of the alarm condition such as

− coincidence detection type A;
− coincidence detection type B.
NOTE Coincidence detection with more than 2 signals for achieving the fire alarm
condition is allowable in substantiated cases only.
− Complex evaluation of fire parameters such as

− by comparison of fire parameter patterns;
− use of multi-sensor detectors.
6.4.2.4 PM Mode, fire detection and fire alarm systems with personal measures
Checking of the alarm condition by specifically instructed staff will contribute to delay the
transmission of alarms to remote station ("E" according to DIN EN 54-1). Hence the
following conditions shall be observed:
– The delay may be effective during the presence of the specifically instructed staff only.
– The delay time may be maximum 3 min.
– Triggering of alarm annunciation ("C" acc. to DIN EN 54-1) may also be delayed
during this time period.
– The transmission device and the triggering of the alarm device shall be triggered
without delay upon receipt of a signal of a manual call point during the delay time.
– Enablement of the routing delay shall be possible manually or automatically;
disablement shall be automatic, however, manual disablement shall be possible in
addition.
– Delayed triggering of fire protection systems ("G" acc. to DIN EN 54-1) is not
allowable.
6.4.3 Electric lines

6.4.3.1 General
Preferably installation cables and lines according to DIN VDE 0815 (VDE 0815) shall be used.
The cross sectional area shall be determined considering the length of lines, the current
consumption and the operating voltage range of the system components connected. For
single core wiring, the conductor diameter shall be minimum 0.6 mm per core.
The number of line connections shall be as low as possible. Each connection shall be made
by use of reliable techniques, e.g. secured screw, soldered, terminal or plug connection.
Plug connections in terms of electrical and mechanical load capacity shall correspond to the
operating conditions and shall be secured against unintentional release.
The insulation resistance to earth of the individual line shall be at least 500 kΩ unless
indicated otherwise by the manufacturer.
6.4.3.2 Fire detection and fire alarm systems required by the supervisory building
authorities
All types of lines for a fire detection and fire alarm system required by the supervisory
building authorities shall remain functional also under fire conditions, unless suitable
measures for compensation are taken. The corresponding requirements are defined in
the supervisory building authorities´ guidelines on requirements for the fire protection of
line systems.
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NOTE: The requirement of the supervisory building authorities for installation of a fire
detection and fire alarm system may be based on a generally applicable regulation or in
the individual case on the building permit. Information on the above mentioned guideline
can be provided by the building authorities in the case of doubt.
6.4.3.3 Fire detection and fire alarm systems not required by the building
authorities
In the case of lines of a fire detection and fire alarm system not required by the
supervisory building authorities, the above-required functional endurance of minimum 30
minutes need not be provided, if these lines
– are routed through rooms monitored by automatic fire detectors or
– are routed through rooms exposed to low fire loads only or
– are protected by other equivalent measures of fire protection or
– are configured as a loop system where
– feed and return wire are routed in separate cables and
– these cables are installed separately in terms of fire protection in buildings and
– a single fault does not compromise the proper function of the transmission path.
6.4.3.4 Alarm devices not required by the supervisory building authorities
For lines of alarm devices not required by the supervisory building authorities, that are,
however, a component part of the fire detection and fire alarm system, a functional
endurance of minimum 30 minutes need not be observed exclusively in cases where
these lines are configured such as a loop and provided that
– feed and return lines are routed in separate cables and
– these cables are installed in buildings separately in terms of fire protection and
– a single fault does not compromise the proper function of the transmission path and
– the approval certificate confirms that alarming will not be interrupted by more than 5 s
in the case of a single fault (e.g. short circuit) of the transmission path.
6.4.4 Power supply

For the purposes of power supply from mains supply, provision shall be made for a
separate circuit protected by a separate and specially marked fuse. The possibility of an
interruption of the circuit feeding the fire detection and fire alarm system by disconnection
of other equipment shall be excluded.
6.4.5 Networked control and indicating equipment

In the case of networked fire detection and fire alarm systems, the control and indicating
equipment or the indication and actuation devices are able to perform superordinate
system functions.
NOTE: A superordinate system function is e.g. the triggering of transmission devices.
Control and indicating equipment may be networked only if
– they are a component part of one single fire detection and fire alarm system and the
networking function has been VdS-approved or
– connection takes place via an I/O interface that is a component part of the
corresponding fire detection and fire alarm system or
– they are designed according to technical data sheet VdS 2878.
Upon failure of a signal processing unit of a superordinated control and indicating
equipment to which a total of more than 512 detectors are connected, provision shall be
made in addition to the requirements of 6.2.1 for a possibility showing the CIE from which
the signal has been raised.
46
The processing times for the indication and transmission of information specified in the
relevant standards shall be observed.
All operating conditions shall at least be visually indicated in form of a general indication
on the superordinated CIE(s) or the indication and actuation devices and provision shall
be made to disclose from which CIE the information has been raised.
The alarm and fault conditions shall be indicated audibly in addition.
Faults in a control and indicating equipment, a slave control unit or in an ancillary
indicating and control device shall not result in impairing another control and indicating
equipment, slave control unit or ancillary indicating and control device.
Faults of the transmission paths between the individual CIEs and the superordinate CIE
or the indicating and control devices shall be indicated on the superordinated devices.
In cases where the same operating conditions are indicated on several CIEs or indicating
and actuating devices, indication is to be allocated unambiguously.
The responsibilities for the operation of the system shall be clearly assigned. Where in
addition to the operation of a higher level CIE or control and indicating devices, provision
is made for the operation of individual CIEs or further control and indicating devices of the
system, the control processes shall be coordinated unambiguously. This may imply that
the operation of lower level equipment is possible not before release by the
superordinated equipment is given.
6.4.6 Signalling devices

6.4.6.1 External signalling devices
External signalling devices shall be mounted to the outside of protected premises. They
shall be heard from outside the area to be protected.
Visual signalling devices shall be readily visible to the assistant forces and shall clearly
identify the monitored object.
External signalling devices shall be arranged so as to be as far as possible out of reach
of unauthorised persons.
For external alarm, at least one external sounder shall be supplied from the power supply
of the FDAS.
6.4.6.2 Internal signalling devices
Internal signalling devices are installed indoors or within the protected premises. In cases
where visual signalling signals may be confused with other operational information, these
signalling devices shall They should be marked “fire alarm”.
6.4.7 Fire brigade control panel

The use of a fire brigade control panel is defined in DIN 14675.
6.4.8 Fire brigade key boxes and release devices

Installation, operation and maintenance of the fire brigade key boxes and of the release
devices shall comply with DIN 14675:2003-11, Annex D VdS 2350 Key boxes – Planning,
installation and maintenance and DIN 14675, Annex D.
6.4.9 Fire extinguishing systems

All components of a fire detection and fire alarm system used for the triggering of a fire
extinguishing system shall have passed with positive result the "Radiated high frequency"
immunity test according to EN 61000-4-3 at a field strength of 30 V/m in the frequency
range 890 MHz – 960 MHz conducted by VdS Schadenverhütung.
47
Connection of the control and indicating equipment to the control device of an

extinguishing system is described in Annex D and in VdS 2496.
6.4.9.1 Connection without a standardised interface for extinguishing systems
A connection is feasible only if the interaction of all system components including the
concept for the control of the system and hence type and design of the extinguishing
system have been tested and approved as a common system. Verification from the
project-specific point of view should take place for finding out whether or not the project
requirements based on the scope of services to be rendered correspond to the approved
object.
Connection shall be made jointly by the installers of the fire detection and fire alarm
system and of the fire extinguishing system.
The overall responsibility for the concept of the extinguishing system and for that part of
the fire detection and fire alarm system specific for the extinguishing system lies with the
installer of the extinguishing system, see VdS 2496, Guidelines for the triggering of fire
extinguishing systems.
Account shall be taken in the energy budget of the amount of energy required for control
purposes. This amount of energy shall be considered in the certificate of the fire detection
and fire alarm system.
6.4.9.2 Connection via the standardised interface for extinguishing systems
Connection shall take place in coordination between the installer of the fire detection and
fire alarm system and the installer of the extinguishing system.
The installer or manufacturer of the extinguishing system shall install the connecting
points of the standardised interface (see Fig. D.1) – component parts of the control
device – in a distributor housing to be mounted closest possible to the control device. The
distributor housing shall be clearly marked on the outside (for details of the designation of
connecting points see clause "Standardised interface for extinguishing systems").
6.4.10 Smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems

The assignment of smoke venting sections to detectors and detector groups shall be
clearly specified in the design documentation of the FDAS.
6.4.11 Hold-open systems for fire resistant closures

Fire detectors assigned to a fire resisting closure system only shall be combined in
separate detector groups.
6.4.12 Coincidence detection type B

An internal alarm and/or a control function may be initiated upon receipt of the first signal.
Where occurrence of an alarm has priority over avoidance of false alarms, an alarm from
the assigned detectors or detector groups and a fault condition, instead of two alarm
signals, but no disablement, may result in fire alarm condition.
6.5 Design documentation

Planning and design results for a FDAS shall be documented as follows and shall be
made available for the installation of the FDAS. The documents specified below are a
component part of the system documentation. They shall be made available to instructed
persons and to the electric engineers of the servicing company and shall be kept
accessible to authorised staff.
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6.5.1 Installation diagram

To be included in the diagram showing installation by floor levels:
– boundaries of the protected area, alarm areas, use of detection zones as well as
designation of assigned detector groups;
– all system components of the FDAS to be mounted at the site of installation, with
adequate illustration of the type of system components involved;
– junction boxes showing the connections of all system components;
– dimensions (or plan made to scale with indication of the scaling factor);
– detector positions with detector and group numbers;
– position, if applicable, of elements for overvoltage and explosion protection.
– position, if applicable, of elements limiting the effects of a failure (e.g. by "I" for
isolator) on monitored transmission paths with more than 32 automatic fire detectors
or 10 manual call points in the case of a line fault, unless this function is already
integrated in each device, detector or base (to be noted).
6.5.2 Directory of detector groups

A directory of detector groups shall be prepared containing information on the
corresponding types of detectors, numbers of detectors and sites of installation.
6.5.3 List of system components

A list of all system components of the FDAS shall be prepared itemised according to type
and numbers.
6.5.4 Block diagram

A block diagram of the FDAS shall be prepared showing the assignment for the purposes
of a denomination and numbering of the detection zones, detector groups and detectors.
The structure of networked systems shall be illustrated.
6.5.5 Logic diagram (fire matrix)

The logic linkup between the alarm conditions of the detector groups, such as multiple
polling, and the function of the control signals for the transmission device, alarm and
control devices as well as other equipment to be controlled in the fire alarm condition
shall be illustrated appropriately.
6.5.6 Certificates
If required, results of tests already performed (e.g. use of a FDAS in hazardous areas,
heat and smoke exhaust ventilation triggering, installation of overvoltage protection in the
area of the power distribution board in accordance with VdS 2833) shall be submitted by
the particular specialised companies.
6.5.7 System identification

Each system shall be clearly identifiable.
6.5.8 Inspection schedule for periodical inspections

Each inspection schedule shall provide information on the inspections performed
according to DIN VDE 0833-1 (VDE 0833-1): 2003-05, 2009-09, 5.3 and DIN 14675/A1:
2006-12, 11.5 and Annex O.
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6.6 Installation
The installation of the FDAS components shall be in accordance with the installation
schedule. DIN VDE 0845-1 (VDE 0845 Part 1) shall be observed where fire detection and
fire alarm systems must be protected against lightning, static charges and overvoltage
from electrical power installations.
Also DIN EN 62305-4 (VDE 0185-305-4) shall be observed for the installation of system
components in buildings equipped with protection against lightning according to
EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3).
6.6.1 Detectors
The manufacturer's instructions for installation shall be observed for the installation of
detectors. Detectors shall be mounted exclusively on structurally sound, solid planes of
mounting. The detectors shall be fitted so as to minimise the risk of mechanical damage.
Fire detectors shall be serially numbered in each detector group (Example: 3/7 means
transmission path or detector group 3, detector 7) and unambiguously. Confusable
number combinations such as "6/8" shall be provided with dots e.g. "6.8”.
The marking shall be visible, permanent and positioned at a fixed place.
The font shall be a sans-serif (e.g. Arial, Helvetica).
The font size for manual call points shall be at least 5 mm.
Automatic detectors shall be marked with a font size according to DIN EN 1450: 1993-07,
Table 2.
6.6.2 Cable installation, connections

The cables shall be installed and fixed so as to be sufficiently mechanically protected and
shall comply with the ambient conditions, the same applies to the connection between the
FDAS and the transmission devices.
For loop lines where more than 32 automatic fire detectors or 10 manual call points or
automatic fire detectors and manual call points are operated, feed and return line shall be
in form of separate cables, unless these lines are installed in specifically protected ducts
such as cables in electrical installation conduits according to DIN EN 50086-

1 (VDE 0605 Part 1) of a minimum heavy duty design or in buried underground cables for
the connection of individual sections of buildings.
The same shall apply vice-versa to non-wire-bound circuit transmission paths.
Terminals shall be marked correspondingly where fire detection and fire alarm system
lines are routed through junction boxes of other telecommunication equipment. If colour
coded, the colour shall be red.
6.6.3 Power supply

The power supply equipment shall be dimensioned so as to ensure that besides covering
the power demand of the FDAS in the state ready for alarming considering possible
changes in functional state, the battery is able to maintain its full charge and that the
battery discharged to the corresponding end point voltage by the nominal discharging
current can be recharged to minimum 80 % of the rated capacity within 24 hours.
Recharging during temporary peak loads may be reduced or suspended. See details in
Annex 3 of the VdS approval.
Batteries shall be applied according to DIN VDE 0833-1:2009-09, Sect. 4.4.5.
Only VdS-approved types shall be used. Batteries shall not be shelved for longer than 12
months.
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6.6.4 Access to the object

In the alarm case the fire brigade shall have non violent access to the primary information
centre and to all monitored areas.
The primary information centre and access to this centre should be outside the areas
exposed to the hazard (e.g. flooding zones of a gas extinguishing system).
6.6.5 Control and indicating equipment

The control and indicating equipment shall be installed in rooms that are dry and
adequately lighted. Any existing emergency lighting system shall be installed so as to
serve in standby status for the lighting of the CIE or the indicating and control devices
according to DIN VDE 0100-718 (VDE 0100-718).
The CIE or remote indicating and control devices shall be installed so as to be readily
accessible (corridors of minimum 0.75 m in width); displays shall be readily visible and
potential damage is kept lowest possible.
Control elements and visual indicators of the CIE or remote indicating and control devices
shall not be arranged at levels lower than 0.5 m and higher than 1.8 m – for wall cabinets
in the range of 0.8 m and 1.8 m – above foot level of a person operating these control
elements or reading the visual indicators.
The operating instructions and the operating manual of the system as well as the
instructions describing how to respond in the case of a fire alarm or fault warning shall be
kept at the site of installation of the system.
The room for the CIE or remote indicating and control devices shall be permanently
manned by a person instructed accordingly. The requirements under 6.3.1 shall be
observed, should this not be possible for operational reasons; DIN VDE 0833-1
(VDE 0833-1):2003-05, 2009-09, 4.3.3 shall apply.
The access route from the point of approach of the fire brigade up to the primary
information centre or indicating device of the CIE shall be marked by labels D1 and D2
according to DIN 4066.
6.6.6 Transmission device

The transmission device shall be installed in the same room in direct proximity to the CIE
or the remote indicating and control devices.
Lines from the transmission device to the transmission network shall be installed
mechanically protected.
Junction boxes and plug-and-socket connections of the transmission network shall be
covered by mechanically stable enclosures or may be incorporated in the transmission
device.
6.6.7 Fire brigade control panel

The fire brigade control panel according to DIN 14661 shall be installed in the primary
information centre.
6.6.8 Fire brigade indicator panel

The fire brigade indicator panel according to DIN 14662 shall be installed in the direct
proximity of the area of access to the object the primary information centre, close to the
fire brigade control panel and the fire brigade routing maps.
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6.6.9 Protection against overvoltage

Measures against overvoltage shall be designed according to VdS 2833 (Protection
against overvoltage of alarming systems).
These requirements shall be fulfilled if one of the following questions is answered in the
affirmative:
– Is a protection against lightning in place?
– Is part of the system located in the 0/A area (area in which direct lightning strokes are
feasible, see VdS 2833) or in the O/B area (area protected against direct lightning by
the building or by a lightning receptor in which the electromagnetic field of the
lightning stroke impinges without attenuation)?
– Is the building located on a hill/mountain? 1)
– Is the building located in a region exposed to the hazard of lightning? 1)
– Is an overhead transmission line used for power supply? 1)
– Is an overhead line used as a telephone feeder? 1)
– Is the building the "last house" of an underground voltage supply? 1)
– Have losses due to overvoltage been reported so far?
– Is an extinguishing system triggered by the fire detection and fire alarm system?
– Are signalling devices or other components of the fire detection and fire alarm system
installed in form of ancillary devices outside of a building (e.g. key box column)
– Are detection/signal lines installed in between buildings?
1)
Notes on the requirements:
Buildings located on a hill: A building is considered to be located on a hill when the
baseline of the building is located above the ridge or roof level of the other buildings
around.
Region exposed to the hazard of lightning: Information on hazards involved in
lightning is provided for example in DIN V ENV 61024-1 (VDE V 0185 Part 100) in Fig.
NC.1. Depending on the location of the object, regions with an average number of >35
days/year (equivalent to more than 3,67 lightning strokes /km2 /year)(context see DIN EN
62305-2, supplement 1) with thunderstorm are considered to be exposed to the hazard of

lightning strokes. The responsible insurer in the case of doubt provides more information.
Mains power supply through overhead cables: Mains power systems supplied by
overhead cables can mostly be identified as such by an overhead mains voltage feeder,
connected to a transformer on the premises, if necessary. The public utility company in
the case of doubt provides information.
Last house: Information on the location of the mains power supply network is also
furnished by the public utility company. The assumed feed point into the last house can
mostly be derived from the location of the object within the housing area.
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7 Approval test
Fire detection and fire alarm systems shall be tested in terms of function and design for
compliance with the requirements of this standard.
An approval test following installation shall ascertain compliance of the fire detection and fire
alarm system with the design documentation and with the specifications of this standard; see
DIN VDE 0833-1 (VDE 0833-1): 2003-05, 3.3 and 4 2009-09, 4.1.2 and 4.1.5.
Additional is to be tested whether the rated capacity of the standby power source at least
fulfils the computed capacity in the case of a failure of the main power source. The power
consumption of the audible signalling device on the CIE need not be considered. at an
operating time of 4 h or 30 h.
8 Handover to the user

Prior to handing the system over to the operator, the fire detection and fire alarm system
shall be subjected to a test run over a period of time which corresponds to the risk
involved without alarming the response authorities mentioned under 6.3.1 (remote alarm).
This test run is to ensure that alarms raised in potentially critical areas can be detected
without producing false alarms.
A certificate of commissioning according to DIN VDE 0833-1 (VDE 0833-1): 2003-05,
2009-09, 4.1.5 shall be submitted to the operator. The operator or other persons
appointed by him shall be instructed by the installer in the operation and control of the fire
8.1 Installation certificate

After completion of the automatic fire detection and fire alarm system, the installer shall
issue the installation certificate according to VdS 2309 for fire detection and fire alarm
systems. This certificate shall be signed by the chief responsible specialist of the installer
or by its deputy – if any – as well as by the operator of the system (see VdS 2129). The
original of the certificate remains with the operator.
9 Operation of fire detection and fire alarm

systems
In addition to the specifications of DIN VDE 0833-1 (VDE 0833-1): 2003-05, 2009-09,
Clause 5, Clauses 9.1 to 9.67 apply.
9.1 Log book

A log book in accordance with VdS 2182 shall be kept for recording regular maintenance
and site inspections, measures of modification and extension, enabling and disabling of
the system as well as fault signals and fire alarms – each including date and hour of the
occurrence.
Provision shall be made in direct proximity to the control and indicating equipment for a
device for depositing the log book.
9.2 Repairs
Maintenance and repair work need be carried out for warranting a proper operation of the
fire detection and fire alarm system. Maintenance work shall be performed by an installer,
VdS-approved for the corresponding system.
Performance of these activities – on-schedule and in a skilled manner – shall be agreed
between the operator and the installer.
53
The installer shall be obliged to start trouble shooting within 24 h to the notification (see
also VdS 2129:2009-05, 5.1.6. m)).
The repair and maintenance work shall be performed so as to keep the functional
interruption of devices and system components shortest possible.
A functional test of the devices and system components that had failed shall be
conducted and documented after completion of the repair work.
9.3 Clear space around detectors

The operator shall ascertain at regular intervals that the area around the detectors is kept
clear. Neither equipment nor material shall be kept in general within a radius of less than
0.5 m from the detector.
9.4 Exceptions from monitoring

The operator shall ensure that spaces that need not be included in the monitoring
concept, continue to be negligible in terms of fire loads.
9.5 Disablement
Where a system or parts of a system are disabled, the operator shall provide for
surveillance of these spaces until the system or parts of the system are enabled again.
Action shall be taken to keep the time of disablement of the system – hence the time of
absence of monitoring – shortest possible.
See also DIN 14675/A1:2006-12, 11.2.3.
9.6 False alarm prevention

The number of false alarms shall be lowest possible. The operator, in the case of
extraordinary operational activities, shall take special precautions for the prevention of
false alarms.
Adequate remedies shall be found in case of false alarms due to operational processes.
Prior to recommissioning of released or disabled detectors or detector groups, the rooms
involved shall be checked for possible parameters of influence on the fire detection and
fire alarm system and detectors shall be checked for functional readiness.
NOTE: See also DIN 14675 A1:2006-12, 11.2.
9.7 Modifications and extensions

Modifications and extensions of installed fire detection and fire alarm systems shall be
performed exclusively by an installer, VdS-approved for the corresponding system. The
system components required for these purposes shall comply with the currently
applicable sets of rules.
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Annex A (mandatory) Fire detection and fire alarm

systems for rooms with electric and electronic
equipment
A.1 General
Rooms with electric and electronic equipment also include rooms plus ancillary rooms for
– data processing equipment (EDP);
– power supply and power distribution systems including uninterruptible power supply
(UPS);
– process measuring and control equipment;
– network service and private branch exchange systems;
– air conditioning systems and cabinets;
– CNC-controlled equipment;
– CAD/CAM-systems.
A.2 Room monitoring

The design of a FDAS is determined by the type and use of the rooms.
A distinction is made between
– Rooms with electric equipment and systems – to be planned according to 6.2.7,
however, with additional local protection monitoring,
– Rooms with electronic data processing equipment (EDP rooms), – to be planned
according to 6.2.7, however, with additional requirements (see Annex C) and
additional local protection monitoring.
A.3 Local protection monitoring

A.3.1 General
Local protection monitoring – to be provided in combination with room monitoring only –
is limited to direct monitoring of the equipment and permits early detection and early
alarm in the case of incipient fires developing in the equipment.
Planning, design and maintenance of the local protection monitoring and local protection
systems shall be coordinated between the manufacturer of the devices, operator, planner
and fire detection and fire alarm system installer and the installer of the extinguishing
system, if any.
Guidelines VdS 2304 Local application for electric and electronic systems shall be observed.
The complete fire protection concept including local protection depends essentially on the
following factors of influence, which are to be determined by a risk analysis:
– internal and external fire hazards;
– life protection;
– ranking from the operational point of view;
– business interruption;
– replacement time;
– size and location of building, structural separations and technical equipment;
– system size and arrangement;
– attended or unattended operation;
– existing measures of protection.
55
All equipment force-ventilated by the air conditioning system shall be included in the
scope of monitoring for warranting an all-comprehensive fire protection.
Considering the individual requirements for safety and protection, the scope of protection
can be defined on the basis of the above factors of influence.
A.3.2 Planning
The local protection monitoring system shall be selected and tailored considering the
operating conditions of the equipment to be protected. The following criteria shall be
observed:
– Operational and environmental factors of influence (e.g. temperature, humidity, dust,
aerosols, vapours, radiation);
– Mode of operation (e.g. monitored and not monitored areas, clear arrangement and
accessibility of devices, short term or continuous operation);
– Type of cooling (natural, forced ventilated and liquid cooled devices);
– electromagnetic influences.
Basically local protection systems, a maximum of five functionally related pieces of
equipment adjacent to each other may be assigned to one flooding zone. At a distance of
the equipment of more than 5 m or not functionally related equipment, separate flooding
zones shall be assigned.
Preferably smoke detectors shall be used since in most cases smoke as a phenomenon
of fire will be produced in an incipient fire.
Depending on the type of construction of the device, special measures of adaptation may
be required for the detector systems if cooling by liquid media is involved.
A.3.3 Arrangement of detectors

Where aspirating smoke detectors are used, these detectors are expected to also cover the
main flows of the cooling air. This is generally achieved by mounting the aspirating pipes
closely possible to the air outlets of the equipment to be monitored. The aspirating smoke
detectors shall not compromise the cooling airflow of the corresponding equipment,
however. A decrease in operating safety of the equipment protected shall be avoided.
Service and maintenance shall be carried out as unhindered as possible. The arrangement
of the aspirating smoke detectors shall be coordinated with the manufacturer of the devices.
Where point fire detectors, preferably smoke detectors, are used in the equipment, the
volume to be monitored shall not exceed 2.5 m3 per detector. One detector per piece of
equipment shall be used. If the response of the detector is impeded by integrated
components in the equipment to be monitored, additional detectors shall be provided.
Also point type fire detectors installed outside of the equipment may be used as a local
protection system of each individual pieces of equipment, considering, however, the
airflow conditions in the room, provided
– the detector can be arranged so as to be exposed to the airflow,
– the distance between the detector and the air outlet of the device is less than 1 m,
– the air change rates and airflow rates in the room are negligible.
A.3.4 Detector groups

The detectors for room and local protection monitoring shall be connected to separate
detector groups of a control and indicating equipment. Several detectors on one device unit or
functionally related group of devices may be combined to form a common detector group.
Where point type fire detectors are used, a detector group shall be limited to detectors of
maximum five functionally related pieces of equipment.
56
An aspirating smoke detector to warrant an earliest possible, reliable and selective

detection of a fire, shall monitor a maximum of five functionally related pieces of
equipment. Further reduction may become necessary
– due to the number and type of air outlets on the equipment,
– due to pieces of equipment not sitting adjacent to each other.
Separate aspirating smoke detectors shall be installed for devices at a distance of more
than 5 m or for functionally not related pieces of equipment.
57
Annex B (informative) Classification table for

aspirating smoke detectors
Table B.1: Classification of aspirating smoke detectors (see DIN EN 54-20:2006-09)
Class Description Examples
A Aspirating smoke detector Very early detection: the detection of very dilute
providing very high sensitivity smoke for example entering air conditioning ducts to
detect the extremely dilute concentrations of smoke
that might emanate from equipment in the
environmentally controlled area such as a clean room.
B Aspirating smoke detector Early detection: for example special fire detection
providing enhanced sensitivity within or close to particularly valuable, vulnerable or
critical items such as computer or electronic
equipment cabinets.
C Aspirating smoke detector Standard detection: general fire detection in normal

providing normal sensitivity rooms or spaces, giving, for example, at least an
equivalent level of detection as a point or beam type
smoke detection system.
58
Annex C (informative) Classification of heat

detectors
Table C.1: Classification of heat detectors (see DIN EN 54-5: 2001-03 and prEN 54-22)
Class of Typical Maximum Minimum Maximum
detector a application application static static
temperature temperature response response
temperature temperature
°C °C °C °C
A1 25 50 54 65
A2 25 50 54 70
B 40 65 69 85
C 55 80 84 100
D 70 95 99 115
E 85 110 114 130
F 100 125 129 145
G 115 140 144 160
a also for line type heat detectors of Suffix I and N (integrating and non-integrating)
b this temperature is 29 °C below the minimum static response temperature
c this temperature is 4 °C below the minimum static response temperature
This table also applies to line type, integrating and non-integrating heat detectors
The static response behaviour of non-integrating, line type heat detectors is related to
a segment of the sensor line of 10 m and the maximum ambient temperature to the
maximum length of the sensor line indicated by the manufacturer.
The static response behaviour and the maximum ambient temperature of integrating,
line type heat detectors are related to the maximum length of the sensor line indicated
by the manufacturer.
59
C.1 Terms and definitions (see also DIN EN 54-5)

C.1.1 Maximum application temperature
Maximum temperature that an installed detector can be expected to experience, even for
short periods of time, in the absence of a fire condition.
C.1.2 Static response temperature

Temperature at which the detector would produce an alarm signal if subjected to a
vanishingly small rate of rise of temperature.
C.1.3 Typical application temperature

Temperature that an installed detector can be expected to experience for long periods of
time in the absence of a fire condition.
60
Annex D (mandatory) Standardised interface for

extinguishing systems
D.1 Connection points
The connection points of the standardised interface for extinguishing systems in a
distribution board housing shall be marked with "Fire detection and fire alarm system".
Where several flooding zones or alarm valve stations are connected, the designation of
the connection points shall provide information also on the corresponding flooding zone
or alarm valve station.
The connection points of the standardised interface for extinguishing systems serving for
the release of an extinguishing system in or on the control and indicating equipment shall
be marked with "Extinguishing system". Where several detector groups are provided for
the triggering of several flooding zones or alarm valve stations, the designation of the
connections shall provide information on the corresponding flooding zones or alarm valve
stations.
Fig. D.1: Standardised interface for extinguishing systems (minimum number of required
signals shown by use of flooding zone 1 by way of example)
61
D.2 Transmission of signals, faults and additional information

Since in addition to the transmission of a release signal to the control and delay device
and the transmission of "extinguishing system fault" and "extinguishing system released"
to the control and indicating equipment, further additional information may have to be
transmitted from the control and indicating equipment to the extinguishing system or vice-
versa (normally a pre-alarm to the extinguishing system for on-time disablement of e.g.
ventilator motors or closing of room closures or a desired transmission of detailed fault
warnings such as e.g. leakage of the extinguishing system to the control and indicating
equipment) the individual connection points shall be marked uniformly as follows.
D.3 Transmission of alarms from the fire detection and fire alarm
system to the extinguishing system
Transmission of the extinguishing signal
T1+ T = triggering signal; 1 = No. of flooding zone or alarm valve station;
+ / - = Polarity of connection
For extinguishing systems comprising more than one flooding zone or alarm valve
station, the number shall be changed, namely:
T2+ flooding zone 2 or alarm valve station 2
T2-
etc.
D.4 Transmission of additional signals relevant to the function of

the extinguishing system
D.4.1 Transmission of a pre-alarm
Transmission of a pre-alarm
P1+ P = pre-alarm; 1 = No. of flooding zone or alarm valve station
P1-
D.4.2 Transmission to pre-action alarm valve station in sprinkler systems

Transmission of a fault signal from the fire detection and fire alarm system to the control
and delay device of the extinguishing system (required for the connection of pre-action
alarm valve stations in sprinkler systems).
FC 4 + F = fault warning; C = (of) CIE of fire detection and fire alarm system; 4 = (in)
flooding
FC 4 - the triggering of alarm valve station 4
For extinguishing systems with selective fault warnings from more than one alarm valve
station flooding zone, the number shall be changed (see above); where a common
(general) fault warning is transmitted, this number is not required.
NOTE: In the case of a fault of the monitored paths for the transmission of a release
signal or a fault warning from the fire detection and fire alarm system to the control and
delay device and in the case of a fault on a path for the transmission of a fault warning
from the control and indicating equipment to the control and delay device, the function
mode of the alarm valve station shall be switched-over by the control and delay device
from "pre-action" to "dry system". The fault warning of the fire detection and fire alarm
system shall include all functional impairments for the extinguishing signal, e.g. detector
group disconnection, service test switching etc.
62
D.5 Transmission of signals from the extinguishing system to the

control and indicating equipment
Release of extinguishing system, i.e. acknowledgement
R+ R = release of extinguishing system
R-
Transmission of fault warnings
F +F = fault of extinguishing system
F-
or in the case of a differentiated transmission from the individual flooding zones or alarm
valve stations (if required; minimum requirement is the transmission of a general fault
warning):
F1+ F = fault in flooding zone 1 or in alarm valve station 1
F1-
F2+ F = fault in flooding zone 2 or in alarm valve station 2
F2-
etc.
D.6 Additionally wanted transmission of fault signals from the

extinguishing system to the control and indicating equipment
FA + F = fault; A = additional signal (e.g. leakage)
FA -
A further subdivision into several flooding zones may be required under certain
conditions. In these cases the number of the flooding zone shall be indicated in the 3rd
position, namely:
FA 1 +F = fault; A1 = additional signal from flooding zone 1
FA 1 -
D.7 Additionally desired transmission of alarm signals from the

extinguishing system to the control and indicating equipment
A further subdivision into several flooding zones or alarm valve stations may be desirable
under certain conditions.
R3+ R: Release of flooding zone 3 or of alarm valve station 3
R3-
NOTE 1: Faults that are not directly related to the function of the extinguishing system shall
not be transmitted to the control and indicating equipment as "extinguishing system fault”
(F). Faults of this type such as an impaired extinguishing effect due to a room closure that
has not been closed, shall be transmitted to the control and indicating equipment as an
extra/additional warning (FA).
NOTE 2: Further optional signals of the electrical control and delay device – not described
in detail at this point – shall be connected to suitable inputs on the control and indicating
equipment (e.g. blocking, manual control). It must be decided for each single signal
whether or not and where to the warning is to be automatically transmitted, e.g. warning of
leakage to the service company of the extinguishing system. The display colour for
conditions deviating from normal operating condition, shall be yellow.
63
NOTE 3: The control of elements for room closures and for other systems required for
warranting a proper function and the efficiency of the extinguishing system including
alarm devices is a scope of services to be rendered by the control and delay device of the
extinguishing system. Such control elements shall be provided in addition to the control
and indicating equipment only.
64
Annex E (mandatory) Fire detection and fire alarm

systems for data processing and similar systems
E.1 General
Monitoring of electronic data processing systems (EDP) implies consideration of special
additional requirements to be observed for the planning and installation of fire detection
and fire alarm systems.
E.2 Areas to be monitored

For reasons of different value concentrations in the EDP areas and ancillary rooms to be
monitored, the fire detection and fire alarm system shall be configured so as to fit the
local conditions. Structural separations are of special importance.
Figure E.1: Monitoring areas

The structural separation between the monitoring areas is the determining factor for the
layout of the fire detection and fire alarm system.

The monitoring areas MA 1 and MA 2 shown in Figure E.1 determine the surface to be
monitored per detector as well as the size of the detection zones.
MA 1: EDP room, data carrier archive including false floor and false ceiling area (on
similar lines also telephone switchboard, switchgear and control panels as well as central
control rooms).
MA 2: Rooms adjacent to MA 1 and ancillary to the EDP area from the point of view of
use (including false floor and false ceiling area) for work scheduling, peripheral devices
and similar. Where the above-mentioned uses are segregated from MA 1 by partition
walls of fire resistance duration less than 30 min, the fire detection and fire alarm system
shall be designed as explained under MA 1.
E.3 Detection zones

The monitoring areas shall be configured to form separate detection zones. Rooms, false
ceilings, false floor and false ceiling areas shall always form separate detection zones.
Detection zones in the individual monitoring areas shall not exceed 500 m2 in MA 1 and
800 m2 in MA 2 in size.
65
E.4 Choice of detector type

Since mostly the development of a smouldering fire is expected in MA 1, exclusively
smoke detectors shall be used. Smoke detectors shall also be used with preference in
MA 2.
E.5 Number and arrangement of point type smoke detectors

The number of fire detectors shall be chosen so as not to exceed the maximum
monitoring areas A indicated in Table E.1. The detectors shall be distributed so as to
ensure that no point on ceiling level is farther located from a detector (horizontal distance)
than DH (roof pitch up to 20°) determined from Figure 3.
A due time response of the smoke detectors may not be ensured in any case and thus
need be checked by VdS Schadenverhütung (see also 6.1.5.6) even for reduced
monitoring areas e.g. at high air change rates and admixture of fresh air.
Table E.1: Monitoring areas of point type smoke detectors
Maximum monitoring area A per detector
MA 21
) 2)
MA 1 other rooms
2 2
Area of false ceiling 40 m 60 m
Monitoring according to
2 2
Room 25 m 40 m 6.2.7.1
2 2
Area of false floor 40 m 60 m
MA Monitoring area
1)
Structural separation between MA 1 and MA 2 minimum by non-combustible structural elements of a
fire resistance duration of minimum at least F 30 min. according to the national proof of fitness, otherwise A as
MA 1
2)
Structural separation between MA 2 and other rooms by non-combustible structural elements of a fire
resistance duration of minimum at least F 90 min. according to the national proof of fitness.
In the case of coincidence detection type B, the monitoring areas A for smoke detectors
indicated in Table E.1 shall be reduced by minimum 30 %.
If coincidence detection type B is intended for the triggering of fixed fire extinguishing
systems, the monitoring areas A indicated in Table E.1 shall be reduced by 50 % per detector.
A ventilation system shall be considered in the monitoring system so as to ensure that
both the inlet and the outlet air are monitored. Provision shall be made for a separate
detector group for the ventilation system.
66
Annex F (mandatory) Fire detection and fire alarm

systems for high rack storage
F.1 General
High rack storage in the sense of these standards guidelines is rack storage where the
stacking height (foot level to upper edge of stored material) exceeds 7.5 m.
Manual fire fighting in high rack storage is conducive to success as long as the fire has
not spread across several cubic metres of material. Spreading of the fire is obstructed by
stacking heights, narrow aisles and concentration of the material stored.
An automatic fire extinguishing system is hence generally the only effective form of fire
defence. An automatic fire extinguishing system can be backed-up by an automatic fire
detection and fire alarm system if intervention is required as early as in the smouldering
phase of a fire to save the material stored from damage by smoke. A fire protection
concept in form of a fire detection and fire alarm system combined with manual fire
fighting can be promising only, if the stored material, the packaging material and the
packing aids represent a low fire load involving a low rate of fire spread.
F.2 Choice of fire detectors

Smoke detectors shall be used with preference. Additional use of flame detectors may be
reasonable. Other types of detectors may also be used for special risks.
Account shall be taken of the special challenges involved in the repair and maintenance
of fire detectors in high rack storage, e.g. by use of aspirating smoke detectors.
F.3 Arrangement of smoke detectors

F.3.1 Detectors at ceiling level
Contrary to the specifications of Table 2, 6.2.7.3 and 6.2.7.15, point type smoke detectors
or the suction holes of aspirating smoke detectors shall be mounted above the rack aisles
of the high rack storage facility, spaced max. 6.5 m from each other. The first and the last
detector shall not be spaced more than 3.3 m (horizontal distance) from the beginning or
end of the rack aisle; each aisle shall be monitored.

The specifications according to 6.2.7.3 and 6.2.7.15 shall apply to detectors mounted
outside of the rack area.
67
or
Figure F.1: Arrangement of point detectors in high rack storage (Figure showing double
racks with centre flues)
F.3.2 Detectors or suction holes of aspirating smoke detectors for rack

monitoring
Point type smoke detectors or suction holes of aspirating smoke detectors for fire
detection shall be arranged at several levels in the rack. The topmost level of detectors
for rack monitoring shall not be spaced more than 6 m from the ceiling. Aisles and room
shall be separately monitored at larger distances. The topmost rack level (e.g. with
suspended detectors/suction holes) of a maximum distance of 6 m above the upper edge
of the material stored shall also be monitored. Suspended detectors or suction holes shall
be mounted below a closed surface forming a radius of 0.5 m around the detector or the
suction holes.
The arrangement of detectors or suction holes is largely determined by the design of the
high rack system and by the mechanical warehouse aids. Regardless of the type of
construction of the racks, smoke detectors or suction holes shall be spaced maximum
6.5 m apart from each other both in horizontal and vertical direction. The first and the last
vertical row of detectors or suction holes shall not be farther away than 3.3 m from the
front ends of the rack.
68
Smoke detectors due to a higher mechanical protection shall be installed preferably in the
internal areas of the rack.
The detectors and suction holes shall be arranged or protected so as to exclude the hazard
of mechanical damage by conveyor equipment and stored material and so as to ensure that
operations of the warehouse are not unduly impaired by service and maintenance.
Where smoke detectors are installed within racks, provision shall be made for an
individual indication of the detector's alarm condition at a readily visible point.
The manufacturer's instructions and possible restrictions specified in the approval
certificate shall be observed.
Figure F.2: Arrangement of aspirating smoke detectors in high rack storage

(figure showing double racks with centre flues)
The horizontal distances in the case of coincidence detection type B shall be reduced by
30 % or in the case of triggering of fire extinguishing systems by 50 %.
For the assignment of the maximum monitoring area to one monitored transmission path,
see 6.2.5, it is the actual surface of the monitored levels that counts. This surface
corresponds to the rack area multiplied by the number of rack levels.
F.4 Detection zones

The entire high rack system including the areas of incoming goods and the identification
area of goods (I-point) shall be subdivided into detection zones.
The detection zones shall be defined in vertical direction and aisle-related to allow
immediate and unambiguous location of the scene of fire.
69
The horizontal extension of a detection zone for rack monitoring shall not exceed 26 m.
The horizontal extension of the detector groups shall not exceed 13 m.
Point detectors or aspirating smoke detectors for ceiling monitoring shall be combined to
form separate detector groups. Basically the horizontal extension, the limitation to 13 m
for the detector group or the limitation to 26 m for the detection zone shall not apply to the
detection zones formed by these ceiling detectors.
A detector group – if point detectors are used – may not comprise more than 20
detectors, and – if aspirating smoke detectors are used – not more than 20 suction holes.
70
Annex G (mandatory) Fire detection and fire alarm

systems with increased requirements
In addition to all requirements mentioned above, the following shall apply:
The probability of false alarms raised by fire detection and fire alarm systems with
increased requirements shall be drastically reduced by means of specific measures.
The following prerequisites shall be met:
critical areas in which deceptive alarms are likely to occur shall be monitored by special
technical devices according to 6.1.5.12 'Fire detection engineering in critical areas';
according to findings of the last revision certificate, no more than one false alarm per 100
fire detectors may have occurred within a period of three years;
as regards the operation of the system, the installed fire detection and fire alarm system
– shall have been approved by VdS; and
– shall be subjected to revisions by VdS in intervals of 3 years.
For risks of special type with special focus on life protection, e.g. hotels, hospitals and
institutions, the concept for a fire detection and fire alarm system with increased
requirements shall be coordinated with VdS.
71
Annex H (informative) Literature

DIN 4102-2 Fire behaviour of construction material and components;
Components; Terms and definitions, Requirements and tests
DIN 19531 Pipes and fittings made of plasticiser-free polyvinyl chloride

(PVC-U) with clip-on sleeve for sewage pipes within buildings;
dimensions, technical terms of delivery
DIN EN 54-17 Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 17: Input/output
devices; German version EN 54-17:2005
DIN EN 54-18 Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 18: Compatibility
assessment of system components; German version EN 54-
18:2005
prEN 54-22 Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 22: Resettable line
type heat detectors (Draft)
DIN EN 54-25 Fire detection and fire alarm systems – Part 25: Components
using wireless connections and system requirements
DIN EN 50130-4 Alarm systems – Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility –

(VDE 830-1-4): Product family standard: Immunity requirements for
1996-11 components for fire and intruder alarm systems as well as
social alarm systems; German version EN 50130-4:1995
DIN EN 60651: Sound level meters (IEC 60651:1979 + A1:1993); German

1994-05 version EN 60651:1994 + A1:1994
DIN EN 60849 (VDE Sound systems for emergency purposes (IEC: EN 60849:1998);
0828-1):1999-05 German version EN 60849:1998
DIN EN 60950-1 (VDE Information technology equipment – Safety – Part 1: General

0805-1):2006-11 requirements (IEC 60950-1: 2005 modified); German version
EN 60950-1:2006
DIN EN 60950-1 Bbl 1 Safety aspects for xDSL signals in circuits for connection to
(VDE 0805-1 Bbl 1) telecommunication networks – (DSL digital subscriber line) –
(IEC 62367:2004); German version CLC/TS62367: 2005)
DIN EN 61000-6-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic

(VDE 0839-6-2):2006- standards – Immunity for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-
03 2:2005); German version EN 61000-6-2:2005
DIN EN 61000-6-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-3: Generic

(VDE 0839-6-3):2005- standards – Generic standard Emission standard for residential,
06 commercial and light industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-
3:2001 + A11:2004
1)
DIBt IfBt Guidelines for hold-open systems, Version October 1988
Part 1: Fields of application, terms and definitions, installation
Part 2: Construction type testing and monitoring
72
ISO 3864-1 Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Part 1:
Design principles for safety signs in workplaces and public
areas
VdS CEA 4001 VdS CEA Guidelines for sprinkler systems, Planning and
installation
VdS 2093 VdS Guidelines for CO2 fire extinguishing systems, Planning
and installation
VdS 2109 VdS Guidelines for deluge extinguishing systems, Planning and
installation
VdS 2304 Local protection for electric and electronic systems, Guidelines
for planning and installation
VdS 2350 VdS Guidelines for mechanical security devices, Key boxes,
Planning, installation and maintenance
VdS 2496 Guidelines for the triggering of fire extinguishing systems
VdS 2833 Protection measures against overvoltage with alarm systems

and triggering of extinguishing systems
VdS 3435 Data sheet for the configuration of aspirating smoke detectors
VdS 3536 Comments of VdS and ZVEI ad hoc AK on MLAR 2005
1)
To be purchased from: Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik, Kolonnenstraße 30, 10829 Berlin
73
74

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VdS 2095en : 2005-02

Planning and Installation

Covers DIN VDE 0833-2 (VDE 0833 Part 2): 2004-02

Publisher and publishing house: VdS Schadenverhütung GmbH

Amsterdamer Str. 172-174

Copyright by VdS Schadenverhütung GmbH. All rights reserved.

VdS Guidelines for automatic fire

Reproduction – also for internal use – prohibited.

6.4 Design ................................................................................................................. 43

Preface VdS 2095en

ventilation ducts (6.2.7.16) have been added;

DIN VDE 0845-1 (VDE 0845-1): Protection of telecommunication systems against

3 Terms and abbreviations

3.1.1 Alarm organisation

3.1.2 Aspirating smoke detector

3.1.3 Power supply source at risk of failure

3.1.4 Fire alarm

3.1.5 Fire parameters

3.1.6 Comparison of patterns of fire parameters

detected and preset patterns agree.

3.1.7 Fire alarm condition

3.1.8 Fire protection equipment

3.1.9 Local protection

3.1.10 Local protection system

3.1.11 Initial information point

3.1.13 Continuous power source

3.1.14 Room height

3.1.15 Rechargeable power source

3.1.17 Coincidence detection type A

NOTE corresponds to the former designation of "intermediate alarm storage".

3.1.19 Fire detection system (FDS)

3.1.20 Structural element

3.1.21 Integrating detector (Suffix I)

3.1.22 Non integrating detector (Suffix N)

3.1.23 Line type heat detector

3.1.24 Detection segment

4 Basic requirements for components of fire

4.2 Fire detectors

4.3 Monitored transmission paths

4.4 Control and indicating equipment (CIE)

4.5 Power supply

4.6 Signalling devices

5 Requirements for the triggering of fire

– A disconnection of the assigned detector group or of a detector of this group shall

6 Rules for the planning and installation of fire

6.1.2 Alarm organisation

6.1.3 Extent of monitoring

− constitute rooms with fire resistant separation.

– cable ducts and shafts, if accessible or equipped with service hatch;

6.1.4 Detection zones

6.1.5 Choice of automatic fire detectors

Table 1: Suitability of automatic point detectors as a function of room height

up to 7,5 m Class A1 only Class A1 only

a also detectors of Suffix R or S

c depending on class and arrangement

d permitted, however, detection efficiency to be proven by VdS Schadenverhütung

e also detectors of Suffix I and N (prDIN EN 54-22)

6.1.5.4 Ambient temperature

6.1.5.6 Use of smoke detectors at high air exchange rate conditions

– EXAMPLE: Shut-off of the air circulation in the ventilation systems by special

6.1.5.10 Effect of light