Activity: Bonding and Molecular Structure

Name:Marichu G Velasco

Course&Section: BSCHEM 1-A

Directions: Read each question carefully. Provide the correct and complete answer for each.

1.Consider the anion, NO3-:

a.Show the Lewis Structure with complete solutions.

For the NO3- Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons for the NO3-
molecule. After determining how many valence electrons there are in NO2, place them around
the central atom to complete the octets.

b.Provide all three resonance structures

The nitrate ion is a resonance hybrid of three resonance structures.All three O atoms are
found to be identical, as are all three N-O bonds.

c.Show the formal charge of each atom in the structure with complete solutions

Formal charge on an atom in a Lewis structure = [total number of valence electrons in free
atom] – [total number of non-bonding (lone pairs) electrons] —1/2 [total number of bonding or
shared electrons]

d.Determine whether each atom follows the octet

The octet rule is strictly followed only by some elements in the main group. There are actually
more elements in the periodic table that have been observed to not follow this rule.

e.What is that shape of anions

Linear

f.What type of attractive force is present in the anion?

In this presentation, attention is focused primarily on ionic and covalent bonding.

2.Given SO3 and SO32-:

a.Compare the number of the total valence electrons

In SO3 there are three double bonds, and no lone pairs at sulfur, in the hypervalent
interpretation; alternatively, you have one double bond, two O− and two formal positive
charges on sulfur if you keep to the octet rule.

c.Which of two has longer bonds?

simple in SO3 there are 6 lone pair of electrons around oxygen (which is around sulpur), wheras
in So3 2- there are 7 lone pair of electrons

d.Differeniate the two by their molecular geometries

Well the one is trigonal planar and t'other is pyramidal...

3..Show a detailed solution to prove that the geometry of carbon dioxide is linear

Molecular geometry of CO2 is linear.All molecules having only three atoms does not form bond
angle of 180 It depends on the number of lone pairs present example -H

4.Given ammonia and ammonium ion:

a.Show the Lewis structures of each

Coordinate covalent bond is a special type of covalent bond in which only one of the bonded
atoms contributes the electron pair for sharing.

b.Provide the correct shape of each

Methane /triagonal pyramid

c.Show the bond angles for each molecule

The bond angle in case of Ammonia molecule is 106o, 45 and the molecular geometry is
trigonal pyramidal.

5.Consider the compound XEF4:

a.Provide the Lewis structure

XeF4 is d2sp3 hybridized and contains 2 lone pair and 4 bonding pairs of valence electrons
around the Xenon. The VSEPR predicts the Square Planar shape.
b.What is the geometry of the compound?

XeF4 has an electronic geometry of octahedral, making the molecular geometry of Xenon
Tetrafluoride square planar.

c.Rewrite the molecule to show the correct shape

The shape of XeF 4 is square planar. The central Xe atom has 4 bond pairs of electrons and two
lone pairs of electrons. It undergoes sp 3 d 2 hybridization which results in octahedral electron
geometry and square planar molecular geometry. The two lone pairs are at opposite corners of
an octahedron. This minimizes repulsion between them.

d.What is the bond angle?

What is the bond angle between the 2 lone pairs of electrons? The bond angle between the 2
lone pairs of electrons is 180°.