1) The Gram stain differentiates between bacteria is based on the

composition of their _________

Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Mitochondria

Cell Wall

2) What happens when under decolourised?

All cells appear pink

All cells appear blue

Gram negatives appear purple

Gram positives appear pink

3) What happens when over decolourised?

All cells appear pink

All cells appear blue

Gram negatives appear purple

Gram positives appear pink

4) ____________dissociates in aqueous solutions into CV+ and

chloride (Cl – ) ions.
Crystal Violet

Methyl Blue

Grams Iodine

Safranin

5) What composes the thick cell wall of a gram positive bacteria?

LPS

Peptidoglycan

Sphingomyelin

Meso-diaminopimelate
6) Which bacteria have an outer layer located outside the
peptidoglycan layer?
Gram positive

Gram negative

7) Which are the two sugars make up the peptidoglycan layer?

N-acetylglucosamine & meso-diaminopimelate

N-acetylmuramic acid & lipopolysaccharide

Meso-diaminopimelate & lipopolysaccharide

N-acetylglucosamine & N-acetylmuramic acid

8) Which bacteria has a thicker cell wall?

Gram positive

Gram negative

9) Most bacteria have at least how many layers in their cell envelope?
One

Two

Three

Four

10) Which are the primary stain and counter stain used in Gram
Staining

Crystal Violet and safranin

Crystal Violet and grams iodine

Safranin and grams iodine

Acetone and Crystal Violet

11) Before you use your reagents to stain the bacteria, you need to heat
fix your sample first by waving the slide through the blue flame on a
Bunsen burner a few times. Why do you do this?
 So that the bacteria will react to the stain

So that the bacteria will not be washed off

So that the bacteria will not die

So that the morphology of bacteria change

12) Which is the crucial step in Gram Staining?

Smear preparation

Alcohol/Acetone addition

Crystal Violet addition

Grams Iodine addition

13) Which of these factors will not affect your Gram stain results?
(Given that everything else is done correctly.)
Reagent Quality

Sample Thickness

Excessive Washing of Slide

Bacterial Age

14) What colour do Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria take;
respectively?
Yellow and Orange

Pink and Purple

Purple and Pink

Orange and Yellow

15) Role of mordant in Gram Staining

Fixes safranin to cell wall

Helps in decolourisation

Helps the cells look red

Fixes the primary stain to the cell wall