SALT ANALYSIS - 1

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Preliminary Examination

a) Colour of the Colourless -

Substance

b) State Crystalline -
c) Odour Smell of Ammonia May be Ammonium
Salt

d) Solubility: Soluble in cold water Original solution can

A small quantity of the salt is taken in be prepared by
a test tube and its solubility is tested. using cold water

Dry Tests
i) A white sublimate is formed May be Ammonium
a) Action of Heat : colourless gas with the smell salt
A small quantity of the substance is of NH3 is evolved. The gas
taken in a dry test tube and then heated turns red litmus blue.
strongly.

b) Flame Test :
A small quantity of the substance is No colour -
placed on the watch-glass. It is moistened
with a few drops of conc. HCl. A little of
the paste is taken on a loop of a platinum
wire and introduced at the base of non-
luminous flame. It is slowly raised to the
top of the flame. The colour of the flame
is observed.
Identification of Anion

I) Action of dil. H2SO4 No characterstic reaction takes Carbonate ion is

To a little substance dil H2SO4 is place absent
added
A colourless gas with pungent
II) Action of conc, H2SO4 odour is evolved. The gas
To a little of the substance conc. H2SO4 is produces white dense fumes with May be Chloride
added a drop of ammonia exposed on a
glass rod, white ppt. with AgNO3
 2
Confirmatory Test for Chloride
i) (Chromyl Chloride Test for chloride )
The salt is mixed with a little K2Cr2O7. The
mixture is treated with con H2SO4 and Reddish brown vapours are Chloride is present
warmed. The vapours are passed into a evolved
test tube containing water.

Lead acetate solution is added to it. An yellow precipitate is formed

ii) Acidify a portion of aqueous solution
with dil HNO3. Boil for some time, cool
and add AgNo3 solution.
iii) The salt is mixed with a pinch of MnO2.
The mixture is taken in a test tube and
conc.H2SO4 is added.
A white curdy ppt is formed. It is Chloride is present
soluble in dilute ammonia but
insoluble in cinc. HNO3
Greenish yellow gas with Chloride is present
pungent smell is evolved. It turns
moist starch – iodide paper blue.

IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONS

Tests for NH4+ ion : A Pungent odour of ammonia is
pinch of salt is taken in a test
tube and is warmed with
NaOH solution
The evolved vapours are
tested with
a) Con.HCI
b) Nessler’s reagent
c) Moist red litmus
May be NH4+ ion
evolved
It gives dense white fume with a NH4+ ion is confirmed
drop of con.HCl exposed on a
glass rod
Brown ppt. Is formed NH4+ ion is confirmed
It turns moist red litmus blue

Report:
In a given salt, cation is ammonium ion (NH4+) and anion is Chloride ion (Cl-)