.

INTRODUCTION
.GOLD NANOPARTICLE MEDIATED
THERMAL THERAPIES
.GOLD NANOPARTICLE DESIGN FOR
PHOTOTTHERMAL THERAPY
.CHARACTERSTICS PF GOLD
NANOPARTICLES
.TYPES OF GOLD NANOPARTICLE
.SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLE
.MECHANISM
.CHARACTERIZATION
.REFRENCES
CANCER
.CANCER IS A DISEASE WHERE CELLS
GROW OUT OF CONTROL INVADES ,
ERODES , AND DESTROY NORMAL
TISSUE
.INDIVIDUALS UNDERGOING
CHEMOTHERAPY FREQUENTLY REPORT
EXPERIENCING SYMPTOMS AS NAUSEA
, VOMITING , LOSS OF APPETILE ,
CONSTIPATION OR DIARRHEA
.FEVER AND FATIGUE ARE ALSO
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS EXPERIENCED
BY CHEMOTHERAPY PATIENTS
.THE MOST APPARENT AND
EMOTIONALLY CHALLENGING SIDE
EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH CHEMO

HERE S THE HOPE …..

.NANOTECHNOLOGY IS THE SCIENCE
THAT DEALS WITH THE PROCESSES
THAT OCCUR AT MOLECULAR LEVEL
AND OF NANOLENGTH SCALAR SIZE

NANOPARTICLES
.NANOPARTICLES ARE DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEMS ENABLE UNIQUE APPROCHES
FOR CANCER TREATMENT
.NANOPARTICLES HAVE OPTICAL
MAGNETIC , CHEMICAL AND
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES THAT SET
THEM APART FROM BULK SOLIDS
WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN
MEDICINE
.GOLD (AU) NANOPARTICLES (ANUPS)
EXHIBIT A COMBINATION OF PHYSICAL
, CHEMICAL , OPTICAL AND
ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES
GOLD NANO PARTICLES PLAY A
MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLE IN
. IMAGE AND DIAGNOSE DISEASES
.DELIVER OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS
ADMINISTER ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION TO DISEASE SITE

GOLD NANOPARTICLE MEDIATED

THERMAL THERAPIES
.GOLD NANOPARTICLES ARE EMERGING
AS PROMISING AGENTS FOR CANCER
THERAPY
.THESE ARE BENEFICIAL IN DIAGONISIS
OF CANCER DUE TO THEIR
PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTY AND
OPTICAL PROPERTY .
.UNLIKE CONVENTIONAL CANCER
TREATMENTS THE GOLDEN
NANOPARTICLE APPROCH USES NO
TOXIC CHEMICALS AND NO RADIATION ,
REDUCING THE RISK OF UNPLEASENT
SIDE EFFECT S .
.THIS THERAPY WILL WORK ON ANY
SOFT TISSUE TUMMORS , SUCH AS THE
BREAST , PROSTATE, BRAIN ,
SKIN ,HEAD ,NECK AND CERVIX
.THE NANO PARTICLES ARE DESIGNED
TO CONVERT LIGHT INTO HEAT
BLASTING AWAY THE SURROUNDING
CANCEROUS TISSUE
.GOLD NANO PARTICLE OCCURS AS
CLUSTERS OF GOLD ATOMS UP TO 100
NM IN DIAMETER
.NANOGOLD HAS UNUSUAL VISIBLE
PROPERTIES AS THE PARTICLES ARE
SMALL ENOUGH TO SCATER VISIBILE
LIGHT
.MASS GOLD REFLECTS LIGHT
.GOLD NANO PARTICLE APPEAR DEEP
RED TO BLACK IN SOLUTION COLOUR
DEPENDS ON SIZE OF NANO PARTICLES
.SURFACE PLASMONE RESONANCE IN
THE TERM USED BY
NANOTECHNOLOGISTS IN BIOSENSING

CHARACTERSTICS OF GOLD
NANOPARTICLES
.GOLD NANOPARTICLES ARE
CHEMICALLY INERT
.THESE HAVE GREATER BIOLOGICAL
COMPATIBILITY
.OPTICAL PROPERTIES LIKE PLASMON
RESONANCE ARE FLUROSCENSE AND
CHEMILUMINESCENCE HAVING BETTER
EXHIBITED BY GOLD NANOPARTICLES
.GOLD NANOPARTICLES PROVIDE
MICROSCOPIC PROBES FOR THE STUDY
OF THE CANCER CELL
.GOLD NANOPARTICLES ACCUMULATE
IN THE CANCEROUS CELL AND SHOW
THE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT I.E APOPTOSIS
OR NECROSIS OF THE SPECIFIC CELL
AND CELL SPECIFIC RECEPTOR
.THESE HAVE HIGH STABILITY DUE TO
THE GOLD SULPHUR BONDS
 APPEARANCE OF GOLD NANO
PARTICLES ON BINDING WITH
CANCEROUS CELLS

.BY ADDING CONJUGATED NANO

PARTICLE SOLLUTION TO HEALTHY
CELLS AND CANCEROUS CELLS AND
FOCUSSING IT UNDER A MICROSCOPE
SHINING CANCEROUS CELLS ARE
OBSERVED
 GOLD NANO PARTICLE DESIGN FOR
PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY
KEY FEATURES :
. WAVELENGHT OF MAXIMAL
ABSORPTION
.ABSOROTION CROSS SECTION
.SIZE OF THE PARTICLE

.GOLD IS A GOOD CONDUCTOR OF HEAT

GOLD NANOPARTICLES ARE ABLE TO BE
HEATED UP BY RATIO
FREQUENCY .THE HEATED NP WOULD
INTURN HEAT THE CANCER CELL AND
MAKES IT DESTROYED

TYPES OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES

NANORODS

NANOSHELLS

NANOCAGES

SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES

.PRECUSOR : HAUCL4 , OTHER GOLD
SALTS
.STABILIZER : CARBOXYLATES ,
PHOSPHINES , AMMINES , THIOLS ,
POLYMERS
REDUCING AGENT :CITRATE , ASCROBIC
ACID , BOROHYDRIDES

TURKEVICH METHOD
.SMALL AMOUNTS OF HOT CHLORAURIC
ACID IS REACTED WITH SMALL
AMOUNTS OF SODIUM CITRATE
SOLUTION . THE COLLOIDAL GOLD WILL
FORM BECAUSE THE CITRATE IONS ACT
AS BOTH A REDUCING AGENT AND A
CAPPING AGENT .
.THERE BY MONODISPERSE GOLD
NANOSPHERES ARE PRODUCED.
.THE SIZE OF THE NANOSPERES CAN BE
CONTROLLED BY VARYING THE
CITRATE / GOLD RATIO
.THE MAJOR LIMITATIONS OF THIS
METHOD ARE THE LOW YIELD AND THE
RESTICTION OF USING WATER AS THE
SOLVENT .

BRUST METHOD
.THIS METHOD USED TO PRODUCE GOLD
NANOPARTICLES IN ORGANIC LIQUIDS
THAT ARE NORMALLY NOT MISCIBLE
WITH WATER (LIKE TOLUENCE )
.IT INVOLVES THE REACTION OF A
CHLORAUTIC ACID SOLUTION WITH
TETRAOCTYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE
(TOAB) SOLUTION IN TOLUENCE AND
SODIUM BROHYDRIDE AS AN ANTI
COAGULANT AND A REDUCING AGENT
RESPECTIVELY.

MARTIN METHOD
.NAKED GOLD NANOPARTICLES ARE
PRODUCED IN WATER BY REDUCING
HAUCL4 WITH NABH4 . EVEN WITHOUT
ANY OTHER SATBILIZER LIKE CITRATE ,
GOLD NANOPARTICLE ARE STABLY
DISPERSED .
.THE KEY IS TO STABILIZE HAUCL4 AND
NABH4 IN THE AQUEOUS STOCK
SOLUTIONS WITH HCL AND NAOH FOR
>3 MONTHS AND >3HOURS
RESPECTIEVELY
 MECHANISM

.GOLD NANOPARTICLES (GNPS) HAVE

BEEN ENGINEERED SUCH THAT THEIR
PLASMON RESONANCE IS TUNED TO
NEAR INFRARED (NIR) WAVELENGHTS ,
WHICH ALLOW THEM TO ABSORB AND
CONVERT THIS ENERGY TO HEAT
LEADING TO HYPERTHERMIC
TEMPRATURES OF SURROUNDING
MEDIA AS A RESULT GNPS HAVE
RECEIVED INCREASED ATTENTION FOR
LOCALISED ADMINISTRATION OF
HYPERTHERMIA TFOR CANCER CELLS
ABLATION AND THIS APPROCH IS
CURRENTLY IN EARLY CLINICAL
TRIALS
 IMPROVING CANCER TREATMENT

CHARACTERIZATION OF GOLD
NANOPARTICLES

.UV-V IS SPECTROSCOPY : THE

FORMATION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES
WAS FOLLOWED BY SCANNING THE
SOLUTION CONTAING GOLD
NANOPARTICLES AT THE WAVE
LENGTH RANGED FROM 400 -700 NM
 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON
MICROSCOPY (TEM)

.THE ANALYSIS OF SYNTHESIZED GOLD

NANOPARTICLES WAS CARRIED OUT ON
THE FILM COATED DROP
OF .NANOPARTICLES EMPLOYING
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON
MICROSCOPY

APPLICATIONS
.GOLD NANOPARTICLES FOR THE
DELIVERY OF PROTIEN , PEPTIDES AND
NUCLEIC ACID
.MEDICAL IMAGING
.DISEASES CAN BE DIAGNOSED
THROUGH THE DETECTION OF A
BIOMOLECULE (S) CHARACTERSTIC TO
A SPECIFIC DISEASE TYPE AND STAGE
.DETECTION OF TUMOR IS THE
FUNCTIONALIZATION OF THE
NANAOPARTICLE WITH AN ANTIBODY
SPECIFIC TO TUMOR ANTIGENS AND
THEN DETECT THE NANOPARTICLE BY
SOME SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE
.SELECTIVE PHOTOTHERMAL CANCER
THERAPY
PROGRESS
.ORGANO GOLD COMPUNDS HAS BEEN
PREPARED THAT ARE SUFFICIENTLY
STABLE UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL
TESTING AS CYTOXIC AGENT
.GOLD IS HIGHLY RESISTENT ARE USED
IN THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID
ARTHRITIS AND OTHER AUTOIMMUNE
DISEASES

FUTURE

.GOLDEN BULLET TECHNOLOGY IN

PATTIENT TREATMENT
CONCLUSION

.GOLD AND NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE

AGE OF INNOVATION IS GOLD FOR
GOOD