REPORT

COUPLED LINE BANDPASS FILTERS

Software Used : Agilent ADS 2011

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

At the outset, We would like to express our gratitude for our institute – Vellore
Institute of Technology (V.I.T.) for providing us with the opportunity to undergo
our undergraduate training, and assimilate knowledge and experience hitherto
unknown to us.
We would like to sincerely thank our teacher, Prof.Dr.Vijay Kumar for having
belief in us when he allowed us to undertake the project work, for his constant
support during the course of our activities. We will forever be obliged to him for
his assistance, encouragement and guidance.

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 CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BANDPASS FILTERS................................................................4

1.2 IMPEDANCE AND ADMITTANCE INVERTERS.............................5

1.3 COUPLED LINE FILTERS - INTRODUCTION..................................7

CHAPTER 2: COUPLED LINE FILTERS THEORY

3.COUPLED LINE FILTERS - THEORY...................................................8

3.2 FILTER PROPERTIES OF A COUPLED LINE SECTION…....................9

CHAPTER 3: BANDPASS FILTER THEORY

3.1 DESIGN OF COUPLED LINE B.P.F.................................................10

3.2 DEVELOPMENT OF EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT...................................13

CHAPTER 4: PROJECT DESIGN

4.1 DESIGN.......................................................................................19

4.2 LINE CALC...................................................................................23

CHAPTER 5: SIMULATION AND RESULT

5.1 SIMULATION...............................................................................24

5.2 RESULT........................................................................................25

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................26

CHAPTER 7: REFERENCES.................................................................................27

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 CHAPTER 1
Introduction :
1.1 Bandpass and Bandstop Filters
A useful form of bandpass and bandstop filter consists of λ/4 stubs connected by
λ/4 transmission lines. Consider the bandpass filter here

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The quarter wave sections transform the center shunt parallel resonant circuit
admittance to a series impedance that is a series resonant circuit.

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1.2 Impedance and Admittance Inverters

Coupled Line Filters

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1.3 Coupled Line Filters - Introduction

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 CHAPTER 2
Coupled Line Fliters - Thoery
2.1 Coupled Line Fliters - Thoery
The parallel coupled transmission lines can be used to construct many types of
filters. Fabrication of multisection bandpass or bandstop coupled line filters is
particularly easy in microstrip or stripline form for bandwidths less than about
20%.Wider bandwidth filters generally require very tightly coupled lines, which
are difficult to fabricate.

A two-port network can be formed from a coupled line section by terminating

two of the four ports with either open or short circuits, or by connecting two
ends; there are 3 possible band-pass combinations,

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2.2 Filter Properties of a Coupled Line Section

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 CHAPTER 3
Coupled Line Bandpass Filters

3.1 Design of Coupled Line Bandpass Filters

Narrowband bandpass filters can be made with cascaded coupled line sections of
the form shown in Figure.

A two-port coupled line section having a bandpass response.

To derive the design equations for filters of this type, a single coupled line
section can be approximately modeled by the equivalent circuit shown in Figure.

Equivalent circuit of the coupled line section of above figure

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We will do this by calculating the image impedance and propagation
constant of the equivalent circuit and showing that they are approximately equal
to those of the coupled line section for θ = π/2, which will correspond to the
center frequency of the bandpass response.

ABCD Parameters of Some Useful Two-Port Circuits

Table 3.1

The ABCD parameters of the equivalent circuit can be computed using the ABCD
matrices for transmission lines from Table:

The ABCD parameters of the admittance inverter were obtained by considering it

as a quarter-wave length of transmission of characteristic impedance, 1/J .

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FROM FILTER DESIGN BY THE IMAGE PARAMETER
METHOD :

From the above equations the image impedance of the equivalent circuit is

which reduces to the following value at the center frequency, θ = π/2:

We also have that

The propagation constant is

Equating the image impedances , and the propagation constants, yields the
following equations:

where we have assumed sinθ _ 1 for θ near π/2. These equations can be solved
for the even- and odd-mode line impedances to give

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3.2 Development of an equivalent circuit for derivation of
design equations for a coupled line bandpass filter for N=2.

(a) Layout of an (N + 1)-section coupled line bandpass filter.

(b) Using the equivalent circuit of Figure for each coupled line section.

(c) Equivalent circuit for transmission lines of length 2θ.

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(d) Equivalent circuit of the admittance inverters.

(e) Using results of (c) and (d) for the N = 2 case.

(f) Lumped-element circuit for a bandpass filter for N = 2.

Now consider a bandpass filter composed of a cascade of N + 1 coupled line

sections, as shown in Figure a. The sections are numbered from left to right, with
the load on the right, but the filter can be reversed without affecting the response.
Since each coupled line section has an equivalent circuit of the form shown in
Figure 2.2, the equivalent circuit of the cascade is as shown in Figure b. Between
any two consecutive inverters we have a transmission line section that is
effectively 2θ in length. This line is approximately λ/2 long in the vicinity of the
bandpass region of the filter, and has an approximate equivalent
circuit that consists of a shunt parallel LC resonator, as in Figure c.
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The first step in establishing this equivalence is to find the parameters for the
Tequivalent and ideal transformer circuit of Figure c (an exact equivalent). The
ABCD matrix for this circuit can be calculated for a T-circuit and an
ideal transformer:

Equating this result to the ABCD parameters for a transmission line of length 2θ
and characteristic impedance Z0 gives the parameters of the equivalent circuit as

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The end sections of the circuit of Figure b require a different treatment. The lines
of length θ on either end of the filter are matched to Z0 and so can be ignored.
The end inverters, J1 and JN+1, can each be represented as a transformer
followed by a λ/4 section of line, as shown in Figure d. The ABCD matrix of a
transformer with a turns ratio N in cascade with a quarter-wave line is

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 CHAPTER 4

Project Design

4.1Design – ADS Simulation

The order of the filter was calculated assuming an equi-ripple (Chebyshev type
1) response with an attenuation of 20dB at the center frequency of 5.85 Ghz and
the pass band ripple amplitude (G) of 0.5dB.
Using the standard Chebyshev model:

This gives us n=3. Now, we get the low pass prototype values from the standard
Chebyshev table:
The elements values obtained are g0=g4=1, g1=g3=1.5963,and g2=1.0967. The
low-pass prototype elements values obtained can be represented as shown

Low-pass filter prototype

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 • The low-pass filter consists of series and parallel branch.
• J-inverter is used to convert low-pass filter to bandpass filter

Bandpass filter prototype

Now, we use the following design equations to get the inverter constants for a
coupled line filter with N+ 1 sections:
Based on the filter application in system design, the fractional bandwidth
(FBW) is calculated using equation below:

where, ω1 and ω2 denote the edges of the passband frequency.

FBW = (6.5Ghz – 5.3Ghz)/5.85Ghz = 205MHz

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• Then the odd and even resistance calculated by using equation

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Now, the even and odd mode impedances can be calculated as follows:

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4.2 ADS Simulation – Line Calc
ADS Simulation – Line Calc-Coupled Line 1 & 4

ADS Simulation – Line Calc-Coupled Line 2 & 3

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 CHAPTER 5
ADS Simulation
5.1 ADS Simulation – 3rd Order Filter

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5.2 ADS Simulation – Result

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 CHAPTER 6
Conclusion
6.1 ADS Simulation – Conclusion
On a substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.38, the center
frequency of 5.85 GHz was selected, the bandwidth is 200
MHz, the minimum attenuation amounts to -20 dB and the
pass-band ripple is obtained equal to 0.5 dB.

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 CHAPTER 7
References
7.1 References
 1. Design and Optimization of Parallel Coupled Microstrip
Bandpass Filter for FM Wireless Applications -Salima Seghier,
Nadia Benabdallah, Nasreddine Benahmed,Fethi Tarik
Bendimerad and Kamila Aliane.
 2. MICROWAVE FILTER DESIGN: COUPLED LINE FILTER - Michael S.
Flanner
 H. Karimi zarajabad and S. Nikmehr, “A Novel Fractal Geometry for
Harmonic Suppression in Parallel Coupled- Line Microstrip
BandPass Filter”, IEEE 2008.
 Miguel Bacaicoa, David Benito, Maria J. Garde, Mario Sorolla and
Marco Guglielmi, “New Microstrip Wiggly-Line Filters with
Spurious Pass-band Suppression”, IEEE Transactions on microwave
theory and techniques, vol. 49, no. 9, September 2001.
 Hong, J.S., M.J, “Microstrip Filter for RF/Microwave Applications”,
A Wiley- Interscience Publication, Canada, 2001.
 D. M. Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons
Inc., 1998

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