THE BODHIVISION

1
QUANTS

NOTES:
Multiplying Fractions
Adding Fractions
Same Denominator
𝑎 𝑑 𝑎𝑑
× =
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎+𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑐
+ =
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 Example:
Different Denominators 2 5 10
× =
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑+𝑏𝑐 3 7 21
+ =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑
Dividing Fractions
Example:
2 5 14+15 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑑 𝑎𝑑
+ = ÷ = × =
3 7 21 𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑐
Example:
Subtracting Fractions 2 5 2 7 14
÷ = × =
Same Denominator 3 7 3 5 15
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎−𝑐
- =
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 Reciprocals
Different Denominators To get the reciprocal of a non-zero number, divide
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑−𝑏𝑐 1 by that number.
- =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑 Comparing Fraction Size: Bow Tie Method
Example: 𝑎 𝑐
2 5 14−15 ˃ 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑑 ˃ 𝑏𝑐
- = 𝑏 𝑑
3 7 21
Example:
The Distributive Property 3 5
𝑎+𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 ˃ 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 21 ˃ 20 Get in touch:
= + 4 7 Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
Call : +91 - 8421793966,
+91 - 8421941190

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 THE BODHIVISION
2
QUANTS
Properties of a Number Between 0 And 1
NOTES:
If 0 < 𝑥 < 1, it must be true that 𝑥 2 < 𝑥 < √𝑥
Converting a Fraction to a Percent
The Zero Product Property
To convert a fraction to a percent, convert the
If 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 0, then one of the following is true:
fraction to a decimal, multiply the decimal by 100
and attach the percent sign. → a = 0
→ b = 0
Linear & Quadratic Equations → a and b = 0

Factoring Out Common Factors Expression Set Equal to Zero

Example: 𝒙 can equal 𝟎
→ ab + ac = d → x(x + 100) = 0
→ a(b + c) = d → x = 0 or x + 100 = 0
Since 𝑎 is common to all of the terms on the left
side of the equation, it can be factored out. General Form of a Quadratic Equation

Example: 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎
→ 4x + 4y = 7 Before a quadratic equation can be factored, it
→ 4(x + y) = 7 must be written in the general form.
Since 4 is common to all of the terms on the left
side of the equation, it can be factored out. Factoring a Quadratic Equation
𝑥 2 + bx + c = 0 factors to:
Squares of Fractions (x + p)(x + q) = 0
2 2 → p and q must multiply to 𝑐
𝑎 𝑎
( ) = 2 → p and q must add to 𝑏.
𝑏 𝑏
Example:
Square Roots of Fractions 𝑥 2 − 3x − 28 = 0 factors to:
(x − 7)(x + 4) = 0
𝑥 √𝑥 Get in touch:
√ = → −7 and 4 must multiply to −28 Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
𝑦 √𝑦 → −7 and 4 must add to −3 Call : +91 - 8421793966,
+91 - 8421941190

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3
QUANTS

NOTES:
The order of Mathematical Operations
Expanding the Quadratic Equations PEMDAS / BODMAS
Example: Parentheses
(x – 7)(x + 4) = 0 Exponents
→ Multiply the First terms: Multiplication and Division
(x) × (x) = 𝑥 2 Addition and Subtraction

→ Multiply the Outside terms: Properties of Numbers

(x) × (+4) = +4𝑥
→ Multiply the Inside terms:
(−7) × (x) = −7𝑥
→ Multiply the Last terms:
(−7) × (+4) = −28
= 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 = 0
3 Common Quadratic Identities
1. (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦)
= 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
2. (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
= 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
3. (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
Even / Odd Rules for Addition / Subtraction
→ (odd) + (odd) = even
→ (even) + (even) = even
→ (even) + (odd) = odd
→ (odd) – (odd) = even
→ (even) – (even) = even
Multiplication Rules for Even and Odd Numbers
→ (even) × (even) = even
→ (even) × (odd) = even
→ (odd) × (even) = even
→ (odd) × (odd) = odd

Some Examples of a Difference of Squares Division Rules for Even and Odd Numbers
𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
⟹ 𝑥 2 − 9 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3) is even
𝑜𝑑𝑑
⟹ 4𝑥 2 − 100 = (2𝑥 − 10)(2𝑥 + 10) 𝑜𝑑𝑑
is odd Get in touch:
2 2 𝑜𝑑𝑑
⟹ 𝑥 𝑦 − 16 = (𝑥𝑦 − 4)(𝑥𝑦 + 4) Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
30 30 15 2 15 2 is even or odd Call : +91 - 8421793966,
⟹ 3 − 2 = (3 ) − (2 ) 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
= (315 + 215 )(315 − 215 ) +91 - 8421941190

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QUANTS
A Formula for Division
𝑥 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 NOTES:
= Quotient + Number divisible by 7
𝑦 𝑦
Prime Numbers Less Than 100
Example: Eg. 12349, take units digit, multiply it by 2,
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 23 3 9 x 2 = 18, subtract this from the number formed with the leftover digits, i.e
=4 + 1234 – 18 = 1216,
43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97 5 5
repeat the process, 6 x 2 = 12, 121 – 12 = 109
Divisibility Rules 109 is not divisible by 7, hence 12349 is not divisible by 7
Multiplication and Division of Numbers
with the Same Sign Number divisible by 2 Number divisible by 13
A number is divisible by 2 if the ones digit is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8
(+)(+) = (+) (−)(−) = (+) Eg. 12349, take units digit, multiply it by 4,
Number divisible by 3 9 x 4 = 36, add this to the number formed with the leftover digits, i.e
(+) (−) A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of all the digits 1234 + 36 = 1270,
= (+) = (+) repeat the process, 0 x 4 = 0, 127 + 0 = 127
(+) (−) is divisible by 3.
127 is not divisible by 13, hence 12349 is not divisible by 13
Multiplication and Division of Numbers Number divisible by 4 (If still not sure, repeat the process multiple times)
with the Different Sign If the last two digits of a number are a number divisible
by 4, then the number is divisible by 4. Number divisible by 17
(+)
(+)(−) = (−) = (−) Number divisible by 5 Eg. 12349, take units digit, multiply it by 5,
(−)
A number is divisible by 5 if the last digit is a 0 or 5 9 x 5 = 45, subtract this from the number formed with the leftover digits, i.e
1234 – 45 = 1189,
Factors Number divisible by 6 repeat the process, 9 x 5 = 45, 118 – 45 = 73
A number is divisible by 6 if the number is divisible 73 is not divisible by 17, hence 12349 is not divisible by 17
If y divides evenly into x, we say y is a factor of x.
by both 2 and 3.
Example:
Number divisible by 8 Number divisible by 19
What are the factors of 16? If the last three digits of a number are a number divisible
→ 1,2,4,8, and 16 by 8, then the number is divisible by 8. Eg. 12349, take units digit, multiply it by 2,
9 x 2 = 18, add this to the number formed with the leftover digits, i.e
Multiples Number divisible by 9 1234 + 18 = 1252,
A multiple of a number is the product of that A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of all the digits repeat the process, 2 x 2 = 4, 125 + 4 = 129
number and any integer. is divisible by 9. 129 is not divisible by 19, hence 12349 is not divisible by 19
Number divisible by 11
Example: A number is divisible by 11 if the sum of the odd-numbered
place digits minus the sum of the even-numbered place digits Get in touch:
What are the multiples of 4?
is divisible by 11. Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
→ 4,8,12,16,20, … 4n
Call : +91 - 8421793966,
+91 - 8421941190

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 THE BODHIVISION
5
QUANTS

NOTES:
Step 4: Multiply together what you found in Steps 2
The Range of Possible Remainders and 3. The result is the least common multiple.
A remainder must be a non-negative Integer
Example:
that is less than the divisor.
The LCM of 24 and 60
Finding the Number of Factors in a Step 1:
Particular Number → 24 = 23 × 31
→ 60 = 22 × 31 × 51
Step 1: Find the prime factorization of the number
Step 2:
Step 2: Add 1 to the value of each exponent. → 23 , 31
Then multiply these results and the product will be
Step 3:
the total number of factors for that number.
→ 51
Example: Step 4:
The number of factors of 240 → 8 × 3 × 5 = 120

→ 240 = 24 × 31 × 51 Finding the GCF/HCF

→ 240(4 + 1) × (1 + 1) × (1 + 1) = 20 Step 1: Find the prime factorization of each number.
That is, prime factorize each number and put
→ 240 has a total of 20 factors
the prime factors of each number in exponent form.
Finding the LCM Step 2: Of any repeated prime factors among the numbers,
Step 1: Find the prime factorization of each Integer. take only those with the smallest exponent.
That is, prime factorize each integer and put (If no repeated prime factors are found, the GCF is 1.)
the prime factors of each Integer in exponent form.
Step 3: Multiply together the numbers that you found
in step 3; this product is the GCF.
Step 2: Of any repeated prime factors among the
integers in the set, take only those with the largest Example:
exponent. For example, If we had 32 and 33, we’d The GCF of 24 and 60
choose 33 and not 32. If we’re left with two of the same Step1:
power (for example, 32 and 33), just take that number The GCF of 24 and 60 Get in touch:
once. → 24 = 23 × 31 Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
Step 3: Of what is left, take all non-repeated prime → 60 = 22 × 31 × 51 Call : +91 - 8421793966,
factors of the integers. +91 - 8421941190

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QUANTS
Terminating Decimals
The decimal equivalent of a fraction will terminate if NOTES:
and only if the denominator of the reduced fraction has
Steps 2 and 3: a prime factorization that contains only 2s or 5s, or
both.
→ 22 , 31
Examples:
Step 4: 1
→ = 0.05
→ 4 × 3 = 12 20
1
LCM × GCF → = 0.08333333 …
12
If the LCM of x and y is p and the GCF of x and y is q,
then xy = pq Patterns in Units Digits
Number 0:
Any Factorial ≥ 5! All powers of 0 end in 0.
Any factorial ≥ 5! will always have zero Number 2:
as its unit’s digit. The units digits of positive powers of 2 will follow
the four-number pattern 2-4-8-6.
Trailing Zeroes Number 3:
The number of trailing zeros of a number is the The units digits of powers of 3 will follow
number of (5 × 2) pairs in the prime the four-number pattern 3-9-7-1.
factorization of that number. Number 4:
The units digits powers of 4 follow a
Examples: two-number pattern: 4-6. All positive odd
⟹ 520 can be expressed as 52 × powers of 4 end in 4, and all positive even
10 = 52 ×(5 ×2) and thus has one powers of 4 end in 6.
trailing zero. Number 5:
⟹ 5,200 can be expressed as All positive integer powers of 5 end in 5.
52 ×100 = 52 × 102 = 52 × (5 × 2) 2 and Number 6:
has two trailing zeros. All positive integer powers of 6 end in 6.
Number 7:
Leading Zeroes in a Decimal The units digits of positive powers of 7 will
follow the four-number pattern 7-9-3-1.
If X is an integer with k digits, then 1⁄𝑥 will Number 8: Get in touch:
Have k − 1 leading zeros unless x is a perfect The units digits of positive powers of 8 will Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
power of 10, in which case there will be k − 2 follow the four-number pattern 8-4-2-6. Call : +91 - 8421793966,
leading zeroes. +91 - 8421941190

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7
QUANTS

NOTES:
Non-perfect Square Roots to Memorize
Number 9:
The units digits of powers of 9 follow a √2 ≈ 1.4, √3 ≈ 1.7, √5 ≈ 2.2
two-number pattern: 9-1. All positive odd
Multiplying Radicals
powers of 9 end in 9, and all positive even powers
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
of 9 end in 1. √𝑎 × √𝑏 = √𝑎𝑏 and
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
√𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 × √𝑏
Perfect Squares
A perfect square, other than 0 and 1, is a Example:
number such that all of its prime factors √5 × √7 = √5 × 7 = √35
have even exponents.
Example: Dividing Radicals
144 = 24 x 32 𝑛 𝑛
√𝑎 𝑎
𝑛 𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
Perfect Cubes 𝑛 = √ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √ = 𝑛
√𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 √𝑏
A perfect cube, other than 0 or 1, is a
number such that all of its primes factors Example:
have exponents that are divisible by 3.
√54 54
Example: = √ = √9 = 3
√6 6
27= 33
Two Consecutive Integers
Addition and Subtraction of Radicals
Two consecutive integers will never share any
prime factors. Thus, the GCF of two √𝑎 + 𝑏 ≠ √𝑎 + √𝑏
consecutive integers is 1.
Example:
Roots & Exponents
√25 + 16 ≠ √5 + √4
Perfect Squares to Memorize
√25 + 16 = √41 ≈ 6.40
0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144,
169, 196, and 225 (Learn till 30, these are till 15) Taking the Square Root of a number Get in touch:
Perfect Cubes to Memorize and / or Binomial Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
0,1,8,27,64,125,216,343,512,729,1000,1331,1728 Call : +91 - 8421793966,
√𝑥 2 = |𝑥| thus √(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = |𝑥 + 𝑦|
2197,2744,3375 +91 - 8421941190

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QUANTS

NOTES:
Multiplication of Different Bases and
Exponents to Memorize Like Exponents
Bases of 2 (𝑋 𝑎 )(𝑋 𝑎 ) = (𝑋𝑌)𝑎
20 = 1 21 = 2 22 = 4 Division of Different Bases and Like Exponents
23 = 8 24 = 16 25 = 32
𝑋𝑎 𝑋 𝑎
26 = 64 27 = 128 28 = 256 =( )
𝑌𝑎 𝑌
29 = 512 210 = 1,024

Bases of 3 Radical Can Be Expressed In Exponential Form

1 1
31 = 3 32 = 9 33 = 27 3
√𝑋 = 𝑋 , √𝑋 = 𝑋 3 , and in general
2
34 = 81 35 = 243 𝑎
𝑏
for any positive number x, √𝑋 𝑎 = 𝑋 𝑏
Bases of 4
41 = 4 42 = 16 43 = 64
Example:
3 2 3 1 2
44 =256 ( √𝑋) = √𝑋 2 = (𝑋 2 )3 = 𝑋 3
Bases of 5
Multiple Square Roots
51 = 5 52 = 25 53 = 125
1
54 = 625 𝑎 𝑏 1 𝑎 1 1 1
√ √𝑋 = (𝑋 𝑏 ) = 𝑋 𝑏×𝑎 = 𝑋 𝑎𝑏
Multiplication of Like Bases Example:
(𝑋 𝑎 )(𝑋 𝑏 ) = 𝑋 𝑎+𝑏
Division of Like Bases ⟹ √3√3√3 = √3 × √√3 × √√√3
𝑎
𝑋
= 𝑋𝑎−𝑏
𝑋𝑏 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Power to a Power Rule ⟹ 32 × 32×2 × 32×2×2 = 32 × 34 × 38 Get in touch:
Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
(𝑋 𝑎 )𝑏 = 𝑋 𝑎𝑏 , and = 31⁄2+1⁄4+1⁄8 = 37⁄8 Call : +91 - 8421793966,
(410 )10 = 4100 +91 - 8421941190

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QUANTS

NOTES:
Addition and Subtraction of Like Radicals
Nonzero Base Raised to the Zero Power
Example:
When a nonzero base is raised to the zero power, 3 3 3 3 3
the expression equals 1. ⟹ 10√5 + 5√5 + 6√5 + 2√5 + 2 √5
3
Any Base Raised to the 1st Power ⟹ √5(10 + 5 + 6 + 2 + 2)
3
1 1 2 1 6 7
When a base is raised to the first power, ⟹ √5(25) = 53 × 52 = 53+1 = 53+3 = 53
the value off the expression is simply that base.
Special Addition Rule with Exponents
Raising Base to a Negative Exponent
2𝑛 + 2𝑛 = 2𝑛+1
1 1
𝑋 −1 = and in general, 𝑋 −𝑦 = 3𝑛 + 3𝑛 + 3𝑛 = 3𝑛+1
𝑋 𝑋𝑦
4𝑛 + 4𝑛 + 4𝑛 + 4𝑛 = 4𝑛+1
Example:
The rule continues on forever with different bases.
1 1 1
2−2 = = = 3−3
22 4 33 Number Properties of Exponents
Case #1
3 −3 7 3 Base: greater than 1
( ) =( ) Exponent: even positive integer
7 3
⟹ Result is larger 52 > 5
Addition and Subtraction of Like Bases
Case #2
When adding or subtracting expressions with Base: greater than 1
exponents, consider factoring out Exponent: odd positive integer greater than 1
common factors. ⟹ Result is larger 53 > 5
Example: Case #3
Base: less than -1 Get in touch:
10 11 12
→ 2 +2 +2 Exponent: even positive integer Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
→ 210 (1 + 21 + 22 ) = 210 (7) ⟹ Result is larger(−5)2 > (−5) Call : +91 - 8421793966,
+91 - 8421941190

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 THE BODHIVISION
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QUANTS
Case #9
Base: greater than 1 NOTES:
Exponent: positive proper fraction
Case #4 1

Base: less than -1 ⟹ Result is smaller 52 < 5

Exponent: odd positive integer greater than 1 Case #10
Base: positive proper fraction
⟹ Result is smaller (−5)3 < −5 Exponent: positive proper fraction
1
Case #5 1 2 1
Base: positive proper fraction ⟹ Result is smaller (5) > (5)
Exponent: even positive integer
Square Roots of Large Perfect Squares
1 2 1
⟹ Result is smaller ( ) < ( ) When a perfect square ends with an even number
5 5
of zeros, the square root of such a perfect square
Case #6 will have exactly half of the number of zeros to
Base: negative proper fraction the right of the final nonzero digit as
Exponent: even positive integer the perfect square.
1 2 1 Example:
⟹ Result is larger (− ) > (− )
5 5
√10,000 = 100
Case #7
Base: positive proper fraction
Square Roots of Small Perfect Squares
Exponent: odd positive integer greater than 1
If a decimal with a finite number of decimal places
1 3 1 is a perfect square, its square root will have exactly
⟹ Result is smaller ( ) < ( )
5 5 half of the number of decimal places. Thus, a
Case #8 perfect
Base: negative proper fraction square decimal must have an even number
Exponent: odd positive integer greater than 1 of decimal places.
1 3 1 Example:
⟹ Result is larger(− ) > (− ) Get in touch:
5 5
4 2 Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
√10,000 = √ = = 0.02 Call : +91 - 8421793966,
10,000 100
+91 - 8421941190

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QUANTS

Cube Roots Of Large Perfect Cubes
The cube root of a perfect cube integer
has exactly one-third of the number of
zeros to the right of the final nonzero digit
as the original perfect cube.
Example:
3 Example:
√1,000,000 = 100
NOTES:
Equations with One Absolute Value
When solving equations with absolute values, we
need to solve the equation twice, first for the
condition in which the expression between
the absolute value bars is positive and second
for the condition in which the expression is
negative.
|2𝑥 + 4| = 12, 𝑥 =?

Cube Roots Of Small Perfect Cubes ⟹ 2𝑥 + 4 = 12

⟹ 2𝑥 = 8 → 𝑥 = 4
The cube root of a perfect cub decimal
and
has exactly one-third of the number of
decimal places as the original perfect cube. ⟹ −(2𝑥 + 4) = 12
⟹ −2𝑥 − 4 = 12
Example: ⟹ −2𝑥 = 16 → 𝑥 = −8
3 3 27 3
√1,000,000 = √1,000,000 = 100 = 0.03 When Two Absolute Values Are Equal To
Each Other
If two absolute values are equal, it must be true
Inequalities & Absolute Values that the expressions within the absolute value
bars either equals or opposites.
Absolute Value Example:
𝐼𝑓 𝑎 ≥ 0, |𝑎| = 𝑎 |16𝑥 + 14| = |8𝑥 + 6|, 𝑥 =?
𝐼𝑓 𝑎 < 0, |𝑎| = −𝑎 Case 1: The Quantities Within the Absolute
Values Are Equal: Get in touch:
Examples:
→ |50| = 50 ⟹ 16𝑥 + 14 = 8𝑥 + 6 Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
⟹ 8𝑥 = −8 → 𝑥 = −1 Call : +91 - 8421793966,
→ |−50| = −(−50) = 50
+91 - 8421941190

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QUANTS

NOTES:
Word Problems
Case 2: The quantities within the absolute
Values are opposites: Basic Word Translations
⟹ 16𝑥 + 14 = −(8𝑥 + 6) Translations to Memorize:
⟹ 16𝑥 + 14 = −8𝑥 − 6) ENGLISH TRANSLATION
5 is =
⟹ 24𝑥 = −20 → 𝑥 = −
6 was =
Adding Absolute Values has been =
This is always true: |𝑎 + 𝑏| ≤ |𝑎| + |𝑏| more +
years older +
A Second Rule When Adding Absolute Values years younger -
When |𝑎 + 𝑏| = |𝑎| + |𝑏|, this means: less -
→ One or both quantities are 0; or times ×
→ Both quantities (a, and b) have the same sign. less than -
fewer -
Subtracting Absolute Values
as many ×
This is always true: |𝑎 − 𝑏| ≥ |𝑎| − |𝑏| factor ×
A Second Rule When Subtracting Values of ×
When |𝑎 − 𝑏| = |𝑎| − |𝑏|, this means:
Price Per Item
→ The second quantity is 0; or
Total Cost
→ Both quantities have the same sign ⟹ Price per Item =
Number of Items
and the absolute value of |𝑎 − 𝑏| is
greater than or equal to the absolute The Profit Equation
value of |𝑎| − |𝑏|. ⟹ Profit = Total Revenue – Total Cost
Example: Or Get in touch:
|5 − 0| = |5| − |0| and |5 − 4| = |5| − |4| ⟹ Profit = Total Revenue – [Total Fixed Costs + Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
but, Total Variable Costs] Call : +91 - 8421793966,
|0 − 5| ≠ |0| − |5| and |4 − 5| ≠ |4| − |5| +91 - 8421941190

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QUANTS

NOTES:
Consecutive Even or Odd Integers
Simple Interest
Can be expressed as:
Pnr
SI = → 𝑥
100
→ (𝑥 + 2)
SI = Simple Interest → (𝑥 + 4)
P = Principal → (𝑥 + 6)
n = number of years → (𝑥 + 8)
r = rate of interest (annual) → (𝑥 + 2𝑛)
Consecutive Even Multiples of Integers
Compound Interest
Consecutive multiples of 5 can be
A = P(1 + 𝑟⁄100𝑘)𝑘𝑛 expressed as:
A = Amount → 𝑥
P = Principal → (𝑥 + 5)
→ (𝑥 + 10)
r = rate of interest (annual)
→ (𝑥 + 15)
k = number of times interest is compounded
→ (𝑥 + 20)
n = number of years
→ (𝑥 + 5𝑛)
Consecutive Integers Speed, Distance and Time
Can be expressed as: Speed (S), Distance (D) and Time (T) formula
→ 𝑥 Distance
→ (𝑥 + 1) Speed =
Time
→ (𝑥 + 2)
Distance = Speed × Time
→ (𝑥 + 3)
Distance Get in touch:
→ (𝑥 + 4) Time =
→ (𝑥 + 𝑛) Speed Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
S being constant, D α T Call : +91 - 8421793966,
+91 - 8421941190

13
 THE BODHIVISION
14
QUANTS

NOTES:
A machine can produce 15 cars in 1 month
D being constant, S α 1/ T
Thus, its rate is:
T being constant, S α D
15 cars cars
( ) = 15
Average Speed Formula 1 month month

Total Distance Ratios

Average Speed =
Total Time taken
3 ways to Express a Ratio
cats 4
=
dogs 3
Work Problems → 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑠 ∶ 𝑑𝑜𝑔𝑠 = 4 ∶ 3
Rate -Time -Work Formula → 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑔𝑠 = 4 𝑡𝑜 3

⟹ (Rate × Time) = Work What Constitutes a Useful Ratio

Work number of workers 4+m
⟹ Time = ⟹ =
Rate number of managers m
Work ⇑ This is 𝐍𝐎𝐓 a ratio.
⟹ Rate =
Time
number of workers 5m 5
⟹ = = =5∶1
An Object’s Work Rate number of managers m 1
⇑ This 𝐈𝐒 a ratio
John Wick can paint 20 fences in 4 weeks
His rate is: Ratio of Part to Total
→ 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝟏 = 𝒙
20 fences fences Get in touch:
( )=5 → 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝟐 = 𝟑𝒙
4 weeks week Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
Part 1 Part 1 𝑥 𝑥 1
= = = = Call : +91 - 8421793966,
Total Part 1 + Part 2 𝑥 + 3𝑥 4𝑥 4
+91 - 8421941190

14
 THE BODHIVISION
15
QUANTS

NOTES:
“Percent of” Translations
Multipart Ratio and The LCM
“Percent of” means to multiply a given
Example: percent by a given value.
→ Ratio 1 − x ∶ y = 3 ∶ 4
Example:
→ Ratio 2 − x ∶ z = 7 ∶ 11
5 5𝑧 𝑧
To combine ratios find the least common ⟹ 5 percent of 𝑧 → × (𝑧) = 100 = 20
100
multiple (LCM) of the given values 36 9𝑘
of x, which is 21. ⟹ 36 percent of 𝑘 → × (𝑘) = 25
100
Thus, the combined ratio is: 400
⟹ 400 percent of 𝑦 → × (𝑦) = 4𝑦
→ 𝐱 ∶ 𝐲 ∶ 𝐳 = 𝟐𝟏 ∶ 𝟐𝟖 ∶ 𝟑𝟑 100

Percent Word Problems “What Percent” Translation

Converting to a Percent Example:

To convert a fraction, decimal or an → a is what percent of b?
an integer to a percent, multiply the 𝑎
⟹ × 100 =?
decimal or integer by 100 and attach 𝑏
the percent sign.
Example: “Percent Less Than” Translations
𝟕 7
→ × 100 = 7 → 7% % 𝐿𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑇ℎ𝑎𝑛
100 100 Final = (1 − ) × (𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙)
100
Converting from a Percent Examples:
To convert a percent to a decimal, drop → x is 2% less that y
the percent sign and divide by 100. ⟹ x = 0.98y
Example: Get in touch:
5 → x is 60% less that y Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
5% = = 0.05 ⟹ x = 0.4y Call : +91 - 8421793966,
100
+91 - 8421941190

15
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QUANTS

NOTES:
“Percent Change” Formula
“Percent Greater Than” Translations
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
( ) × 100
% 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
Final = (1 + ) × (𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙)
100
Statistics
Examples:
Average (Arithmetic Mean)
→ x is 2% greater than y 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
⟹ x = 1.02y ⟹ 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
→ x is 60% greater than y Evenly Spaced Sets
⟹ x = 1.6y
Examples:
A set of consecutive integers:
Variable Percent Translations → {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

→ x is n present of y A set of consecutive odd integers:

𝑛 → {3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15}
⟹𝑥= ×𝑦
100
A set of consecutive even integers:
→ x is n percent less than y → {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}
𝑛
⟹ 𝑥 = (1 − )×𝑦
100 A set of consecutive multiples of 5:
100 − 𝑛 → {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 5}
⟹𝑥=( )×𝑦
100
A set of consecutive multiples of 12:
→ x is n percent greater than y → {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
𝑛
⟹ 𝑥 = (1 + )×𝑦
100 Counting the Number Of Integers In A Set Get in touch:
100 + 𝑛 Of Consecutive Integers (Inclusive) Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
⟹𝑥=( )×𝑦
100 Highest number – Lower Number + 1 Call : +91 - 8421793966,
+91 - 8421941190

16
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17
QUANTS

NOTES:
Calculating Median with an Even # of Terms
Counting the Number of Multiples of an
Integer in a Set of Consecutive Integers Where n is the number of terms in the sets:
(Inclusive) 𝑛
Median = average of the values at the
Highest multiple – Lowest multiple 2
(𝑛+2)
⟹( )+1 and positions
Given Number 2

Mean = Median
Average (Arithmetic Mean) In A Set Of In any evenly spaced set, the mean of the
Consecutive Integers set is equal to the median of the set.
Highest Number – Lowest Number Mode
⟹
2 The mode is the number that appears most
Weighted Average Equation frequently in a data set.
Where dp = data point: Range
(dp 1)(freq of dp 1) + ⋯ + (dp n)(freq of dp n) = Highest Number in a Set - Lowest
total freq of dp′s Number in a Set

Boundaries of a Weighted Average Standard Deviation Range

The weighted average of two different data → 𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡 𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 = mean + x(sd)
points will be closer to the data point with → 𝐋𝐨𝐰 𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 = mean – x(sd)
the greater number of observations or with
the greater weighted percentage. Two Important Standard Deviation Rules

Median Adding / Subtracting a constant to each

Term in a set of numbers
When a set is numerically ordered, the
median is the value in the middle of the → The standard deviation does not change.
arranged set. Multiplying / Dividing each term in a set
Of numbers by a constant. Get in touch:
Calculating Median with an Odd # of Terms
→ The standard deviation will also be Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
Where n is the number of terms In the set:
multiplied or divided by that amount Call : +91 - 8421793966,
(𝑛 + 1)
Median = position +91 - 8421941190
2

17
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18
QUANTS

NOTES:
When the Number of Unique Items is
Overlapping Sets Unknown
Number of Members in Either Set ⟹ Total # of Unique Element = # in (group A) +
#(A or B) = #(A) + #(B) - #(A and B) # in (Group B) + # in (Group C) –
Example: # in (Groups of Exactly Two) –
How many students play Football or 2[# in (Groups of Exactly Three)] + # in (Neither)
Cricket? To solve:
⟹ Total # Football + Total # Cricket - #
Both Football and Cricket
When the Number of Unique Items is Known
⟹ Total # of Unique Members = #[A Only +
B Only + C Only] + #[(A and B) Only +
#(A and C) Only + #(B and C) Only] +
#[(A and B and C)] + #[Neither A nor B nor C]

3 circle Venn diagram can be used when there are 3 groups

(A and B) Only
)

Neither A, nor
B, nor C
Only A Only B Group B
Group A

(A and B and C)
)
Only C
Get in touch:
(A and C) Only
)
(B and C) Only Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
)
Call : +91 - 8421793966,
+91 - 8421941190
Group C

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QUANTS

NOTES:
Entire shaded region is the intersection of
Group B and Group C.

Group A A B Group B

Group C

Combination & Permutations Permutations

Combinations Order DOES matter
Order does NOT matter
The Basic Permutation Formula
The Basic Combination Formula 𝑛!
⟹ 𝑛𝑃𝑘 =
𝑛! (𝑛 − 𝑘)!
⟹ 𝑛𝐶𝑘 =
(𝑛 − 𝑘)! 𝑘!
n = number of objects in the set
n = number of objects in the set k = number of objects selected Get in touch:
Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
k = number of objects selected Call : +91 - 8421793966,
+91 - 8421941190
19
 THE BODHIVISION
20
QUANTS

NOTES:
Complementary Events
The Permutation Formula for
Indistinguishable Items → 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝐴) = 1

𝑁!
⟹ 𝑷= The Probability of A and B
(𝑟1 !) × (𝑟2 !) × (𝑟3 !) × (𝑟𝑛 !)
If A and B are independent:
N = the total number of objects to be arranged. → 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵)
𝑟 = the frequency of each indistinguishable
object If A and B are not independent:
Example: → 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵 | 𝐴)
What is the number of ways in which the
letters A, A, B, B can be arranged? The Addition Rule
4! 4 × 3 × 2! Mutually Exclusive Events
⟹ 𝑃= = = 6 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 → 𝑃(𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)
2! × 2! 2! × 2!
Circular Arrangements Events That Are Not Mutually Exclusive
Number of ways to arrange a set of items → 𝑃(𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵)
in a circle
→ = (𝑘 − 1)! Probability Of “Choosing At Least 1 Object”
k = number of objects to be arranged P(at least 1 item occurs)
in the circle
→ = 1 − 𝑃(𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟)
Probability
The Basic Probability Formula
favorable # of outcomes
⟹ Probability = Get in touch:
total # of outcomes
Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
The Probability of a Sample Space Call : +91 - 8421793966,
Must sum to 1. +91 - 8421941190

20
 THE BODHIVISION
21
QUANTS

NOTES:
Exterior Angle Of A Triangle
Geometry An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum
Angles of its two remote interior angles.

Angle a is an exterior angle to the triangle

x

90° y z a
Right Angle
x+y=a
Acute Angle
Angles x and y are remote interior angles to angle a

180°
Straight Angle Parallel Lines Intersected By A Transversal
Vertical angles are equal
a = d = e = h and b = c = f = g
Corresponding Angles Are Equal
Obtuse Angle
a = e, c = g, b = f, d = h

360° Angle a b
c d
Supplementary Angles
e f
Angles are supplementary if their mesasures
g h
sum to 180°.
Any acute angle + any obtuse angle will sum to 180°
supplementary angles sum to 180°

a° b° Area Of A Triangle Get in touch:

Angles a and b are supplementary 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 1 Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
Area = = 𝑏ℎ Call : +91 - 8421793966,
2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 180° +91 - 8421941190

21
 THE BODHIVISION
22
QUANTS

NOTES:
The Ratio of the Sides of a 45 – 45 – 90 Right Triangle
Triangle Inequality Theorem
In any triangle, the sum of the lengths of any
two sides of the triangle is greater than 45°
the length of the third side.
x
Pythagorean Theorem

𝑨𝟐 + 𝑩𝟐 = 𝑪𝟐 45°
x
Side 1

A The Hypotenuse of a 45 – 45 – 90 Right Triangle

is the Diagonal of Square
Side 2 A square’s diagonal cuts the square into
B two 45 – 45 – 90 right triangles.
Side
Pythagorean Triples 45°

→ 𝟑 − 𝟒 − 𝟓 Right Triangle
Side

→ 𝟓 − 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟏𝟑 Right Triangle
45°
Isosceles Right Triangle

The Ratio of the Slides of a 30 – 60 – 90 Right Triangle

Each Equal Angle = 45°
Two Equal Angles
60°
Get in touch:
Side

x
Third Angle = 90° 45° Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
Side 30° Call : +91 - 8421793966,
Two Equal Angles
x√3 +91 - 8421941190

22
 THE BODHIVISION
23
QUANTS

NOTES:
Rectangle
The Area Of An Equilateral Triangle
Length
2
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 √3
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =
4 Perimeter = (2 × length) + (2 × width)
Width Area = length × width
Cutting An Equilateral Triangle In Half
Dropping an altitude from the upper vertrx
to the base of an equilateral triangle
produces two identical 30 – 60 – 90 triangles.
The Longest Line Segment Of A Rectangle
The longest segment is the diagonal.

30° 30° 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 = √𝐿2 + 𝑊 2

The Square

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 4 × 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
60° 90° 60° 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 2

A B
The Parallelogram
→ Opposite sides are equal
→ Opposite angles are equal 90°
90° 90°

A 90°
B

Get in touch:
Height

Area = base × height

D C Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
Diagonals are Perpendicular Call : +91 - 8421793966,
D Base C +91 - 8421941190

23
 THE BODHIVISION
24
QUANTS

NOTES:
Hexagons
The Maximum Area Of A Rectagle
3√3 2
Given a rectangle with a fixed perimeter, 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑆
2
the rectangle with the maximum area
is a square. Exterior Angles Of Any Polygon
They always sum to 360°.
The Minimum Perimeter Of A Rectangle
Exterior Angle
Given a rectangle with a fixed area, the 72°
rectangle with the minimum perimeter 108°

is a square.
72°

108° 108°
The Trapezoid 5 × 72° = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° 72°

(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒1 + 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒2 ) × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =
2
72° 108° 108°

A 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒2 B 72°

Circle
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐫 = 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬: Area = 𝜋𝑟 2

Circumference = 2𝜋𝑟

D 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒1 C Diameter

Radius
Interior Angles Of A Polygon
Get in touch:
The sum of the interior angles of a polygon
Chord Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
= (n – 2) × 180, where n = the number of
sides in the polygon. Call : +91 - 8421793966,
+91 - 8421941190

24
 THE BODHIVISION
25
QUANTS

NOTES:
Right Triangle Inscribed In A Circle
Arc Length And Sector Area

A X ∆XYZ is a right triangle

Sector Area
O

C X° Central Angle

Arc Length Y Z

B
XZ is the diameter of the circle
XZ is the hypotenuse of the triangle
Arc Length
𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ Regular Polygons Inscribed In Circles
=
360 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 When a regular polygon is inscribed in a circle,
Sector Area the polygon divides the circle into arcs of
𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 equal length.
=
360 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 Arc AB = BC = CD = DE = EF = FA

Inscribed Angles In Circles A B

Angles AOC and ABC share the same endpoints, Points A and C

A C

F C
O

Get in touch:
E
Angle AOC is a Central Angle D
Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
Angle AOC = 2 × (∠𝐴𝐵𝐶)
B Call : +91 - 8421793966,
Angle ABC is an Inscribed Angle +91 - 8421941190
Angle ABC = ½ the degree measure of arc AC

25
 THE BODHIVISION
26
QUANTS

NOTES:
The Cube
The Area Of A Circular Ring
Surface Area = 𝟔 × 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝟐
Where: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆3 Face
𝑅1 = radius of the inner circle and
𝑅2 = radius of the entire 2 – circle system
Area of Outer Ring = 𝝅(𝑅22 − 𝑅12 )

Side
Outer

𝑅1

𝑅2
Inner

The Rectangular Solid

Where :
The Cylinder
H = Height, L = Length, W = Width
Where r = radius and h = height: Surface Area = 2(W × L) + 2(W × H) + 2(L × H)
Surface Area = 2(𝜋𝑟 2 ) + 2(𝜋𝑟ℎ) Volume = L × W × H
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ Rectangular Face

Radius

Height

Height Get in touch:

Width Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
Call : +91 - 8421793966,
Length
+91 - 8421941190

26
 THE BODHIVISION
27
QUANTS

NOTES:
Coordinate Geometry
The Diagonal Of A Rectangular Solid Or Cube
Cube The Coordinate Plane
Diagonal = side√3
y

ΙΙ Ι
Quadrant II Quadrant I
−/+ +/+

O x

x ΙΙΙ ΙV
Quadrant III Quadrant IV
−/− +/−

Rectangular Solid
Slope of a Line
Diagonal 2 = 𝐿2 + 𝑊 2 + 𝐻 2
Δ𝑦 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒
⇒ 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑚 = = =
Δ𝑥 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝑅𝑢𝑛
Where :
→ 𝑦2 = the second y – coordinate
Height

→ 𝑦1 = the first y – coordinate

→ 𝑥2 = the second x – coordinate
Get in touch:
→ 𝑥1 = the first x – coordinate
→ m= slope of the line Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
Width Call : +91 - 8421793966,
Length +91 - 8421941190

27
 THE BODHIVISION
28
QUANTS

NOTES:
Negative Slope
The Slope – Intercept Equation
y

⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏

Where :
→ 𝑦 = the y – coordinate
→ 𝑥 = the coresponding x – coordinate
→ m = the slope of the line O x
→ 𝑏 = the y – intercept of the line

Positive Slope

Zero Slope
y

O x

O x

Get in touch:
Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
Call : +91 - 8421793966,
+91 - 8421941190

28
 THE BODHIVISION
29
QUANTS

NOTES:
The Distance Formula
Undefined Slope
y 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Midpoint Formula
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑀𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 = ( ′ )
2 2

O x
Functions and Sequences
Range
The set of all the numbers a function can generate
(i.e., the set of all outputs) is called
the range of the function.

Parallel Lines Domain

Parallel lines have the same slope but different
y – intercepts, and as a result,
the lines will never intersect.
Perpendicluclar Lines
The slopes of two perpendicular lines are
negative reciprocals; negative reciprocals
multiply to – 1.
Reflections
Reflection over the x – axis
(x, y) → (x, −y)
Reflection over the y – axis
(x, y) → (−x, y)
Reflection over the origin
(x, y) → (−x, −y)
The set of all the numbers that a function can use
(i.e., the set of all inputs) is called
the range of the function.
Arithmetic Sequences
An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which
the difference between every pair of consecutive
terms is the same.
Formula:
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
Where 𝑎𝑛 is the 𝑛𝑡ℎ term in the sequence,
𝑎1 is the first term of the sequence, and Get in touch:
d is the common difference.
Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
Call : +91 - 8421793966,
+91 - 8421941190

29
 THE BODHIVISION
30
QUANTS

NOTES:
Sum of the Terms of a Geometric Sequence
Example:
→ 5, 10, 15, 20 Sn = a ( rn – 1)/ (r – 1)
→ 20 = 5 + (4 − 1)5 Sn = 5 (24 – 1)/(2 – 1)
→ 20 = 20 Sn = 5 (15)
5 + 10 + 20 + 40 = 75
Sum of the Terms of an Arithmetic Sequence
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ) Sum of Infinite Terms of a Geometric Sequence
2
4 S∞ = a / (1 - r) where 0 < r < 1
𝑆𝑛 = (5 + 20)
2 S∞ = 10 / (1 – 0.5)
𝑆𝑛 = 2(25) S∞ = 10 / 0.5 = 20
5 + 10 + 15 + 20 = 50 10 + 5 + 2.5 + 1.25 …….∞ = 20

Geometric Sequence
A geometric sequence (or geometric progression)
is one in which the ratio between every pair
of consecutive terms is the same.
Formula:
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 × 𝑟 𝑛−1
Where 𝑎𝑛 is the 𝑛𝑡ℎ term and 𝑎1 is the first term
of the sequence, and r is the common ratio.

Example:
Get in touch:
→ 5, 10, 20, 40 Email : getwise@tbtprep.com
→ 40 = 5 × 24−1 Call : +91 - 8421793966,
→ 40 = 40 +91 - 8421941190

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