understanding

earthquake-related

events
by Group
 Indian ocean tsunami caused
by earthquake

TIME & DATE NATURE CASUALTIES

7:59 AM local time Magnitude 9.1 230,000 people killed

on Sunday Sumatra-Andaman
$4.5 billion financial loss
December 26, 2004 Earthquake
14 countries affected
1,126, 900 people were

displaced
HAZARDS BEFORE AND AFTER

EARTHQUAKE
Before
Indonesia as the hardest-hit country affected by
an earthquake in Asia.
Sri Lanka, Thailand, and India are mostly
associated with storms, flooding, and earthquakes.
Earthquake hazards include fire, ground rupture,
ground shaking, liquefaction, earthquake-induced
landslides, and tsunamis.
 After

Extreme ground shaking generated by the

energy release on the hypocenter (focus) and
rayleigh waves on areas.
Liquefaction due to the intensity of shaking
and tsunami
Tsunami caused by an earthquake and fault
rupture along the Sunda trench

HAZARDS BEFORE AND AFTER

EARTHQUAKE
VULNERABILITIES
The following are the areas vulnerable to
earthquakes and tsunamis in terms of their
proximity to hazard, geographic and
topographic location, population densities,
and capacity and efficiency to reduce
disaster risks:
Banda Aceh, Aceh (Indonesia)
Tamil Nadu (India)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India)
Khao Lak (Thailand)
Sri Lanka
EXPOSED
ELEMENTS
PHYSICAL
1 APPROXIMATELY 230,000 MISSING OR ASSUMED DEAD
A TOTAL OF 1.7 MILLION DISPLACED
MAJOR DESTRUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURES AND HOUSES

ENVIRONMENTAL
2 SOILS, VEGETATION, AND CROPS WERE DESTROYED
COASTAL EROSION AND CORAL REEFS' DISPLACEMENT

SOCIO-ECONOMIC
3 A TOTAL COST OF $13 BILLION (2017 DOLLARS)
BUSINESSES AND BASIC SERVICES DESTRUCTION
PEOPLE'S LIVELIHOODS AND ENTIRE ECONOMIES WERE AFFECTED
 EFFECTS
- Tsunami
Widespread damage to infrastructure and
homes
Economy damage, with 80,000 damage to
houses
Destruction of roads, buildings, and bridges
Deaths and injuries
Natural habitat destruction
 PERSPECTIVES
-Psychological
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD): 14%-39% children and 60% adults
Trauma, depression, and anxiety

-Economic
Food and water shortages
Economic damage estimate of $470 million, or almost 62 percent of the
country's GDP
Impact on education, fishing, farming, and transportation

-Biological
Infectiousness of different diseases such as cholera, Diptheria, dysentery,
typhoid, and hepatitis A and B.
Possible infection due to mud and bacteria caused by the tsunami.
 recommendation
Environment plan Coordination, prevention, and
1. Development of sand dunes mitigation plan
and culturing seaweeds, 1. Coordination with national and
shrubs, and casuarinas for international agencies
stabilization 2. Generating tsunami warnings
2. Raising ground level 3. Effective emergency evacuation
3. Developing coastal forest 4. Improving tsunami education
4. Adopting natural beach 5. Strengthening the detection and
nourishment forecasting network
5. Creation of sandy ramps 6. Contingency emergency financing
 EARTHQUAKE
Before During
1. Secure heavy furniture and 1. Drop, cover, and hold on
appliances (indoor)
2. Identify safe spots 2. Find an open area away from
3. Have a plan falling objects/infrastructure
4. Gather supplies (outdoor)
5. Learn first aid 3. Stay in the car (if in a car)
6. Learn to turn off electricity, 4. Do not use elevators
water, and gas supplies

After
1. Continue to take precautions, 5. Do not leave the evacuation site
follow local authorities until the local authority says so
2. Expect aftershocks 6. Stay out of any buildings
3. Be aware of secondary effects 7. Do not light matches or turn on
4. Expect more tsunami waves to appliances to prevent gas leaks
impact the shores 8. Get help, if needed.
TSUNAMI
Before During After
1. Research about
1. Drop, cover, and
1. Continue to take precautions,
tsunami-prone areas hold on (during an
follow local authorities
2. Know tsunami plans in
earthquake) 2. Expect aftershocks
the area 2. Following an
3. Be aware of secondary effects
3. Develop a household
earthquake, move to a
4. Expect more tsunami waves to
emergency plan higher ground away
impact the shores
4. Know the difference
from the coast 5. Do not leave the evacuation
between tsunami warning
3. Follow the
site until the local authority says
and tsunami watch evacuation routes
so
5. Review evacuation
immediately 6. Stay out of any buildings
plans with household
4. Monitor the tsunami
7. Do not light matches or turn
members 6. Plan
progress and listen for
on appliances to prevent gas
evacuation routes 30 m
local instructions leaks
above sea level or 3 km
8. Get help, if needed.
inland.
 WARNING
SIGNS!
A strong earthquake lasting 20

seconds or more near the coast.

A noticeable rapid rise or fall of

coastal waters.

Coastal water making unusual

noise. The noise may sounds like an

approaching train, plane, or

whistling.
 "Preparation through

education is less costly

than learning through

tragedy."
-Max Mayfield

thank you for listening!