SECTION 300 - LANDSCAPING

301 PLANT MATERIALS HANDLING

301.1 General

Unless otherwise specified, all plant materials shall be nursery-grown and stocked in the
Contractor's own nursery for one (1) month minimum to harden the plants before
planting. The S.O. shall inform the Contractor of the date for planting out on Site.

301.2 Stock Lists

The Contractor shall send a monthly stock list in duplicate to the S.O.

301.3 Plant Inspection

The S.O. shall visit and inspect the Contractor's nursery prior to planting. A certificate of
inspection of the plant stock shall be issued after each visit. All plant stock shall
conform to the stock list. The S.O. shall reject undersized or unhealthy plants and the
Contractor shall rectify all discrepancies at his own cost.

301.4 Plant Names and Labels

The Contractor shall label all plant stocks and the nomenclature used shall conform to the
plant schedules as specified. All plants shall be true to name and quantity as in the plant
schedules.

301.5 Delivery and Handling

Immediately prior to shipping, all plants shall be inspected, watered, prepared and packed
with care and skill.

During transportation, all plants shall be packed such as to ensure protection from sun,
wind and rain.

Root systems of all plants shall not be exposed to excessive heat.

All balled or plastic bag grown plants or container grown plants, shall at all times be
handled by the ball or at the base of the plastic bag or by the container and not by the
plant stem.

All tree branches shall be carefully tied to prevent fracture of branches.

301.6 On Site Storage of Plants

All plant materials shall be properly protected against injury at all time. Plants which are
not planted or which are not to be planted immediately shall be given special protection as
follows:

i) Earth balled, plastic bag grown plants, or container grown plants shall have their earth
balls protected by earth, straw or other suitable material which shall be kept damp or wet
to prevent drying out of the root system.

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SECTION 300 - LANDSCAPING

301 PLANT MATERIALS HANDLING (Cont'd)

301.6 On Site Storage of Plants(Cont'd)

ii) All plants shall be protected from excessive heat and stored in an approved well
ventilated and shaded place, protected from wind and sun.

iii) The planting programme shall be such as to prevent an excessive number of unplanted
plants stored on Site.

301.7 Handling of Other Materials

Fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides shall be delivered to the Site in their manufacturer's
unopened containers, each fully labelled, and conforming to the relevant health
regulations. They shall be protected from becoming wet or damp, and shall be stored in
a controlled shelter.

Chicken dung, sewage sludge or other approved organic matter shall be delivered to the
Site in a completely dry state, and shall be stored in a weatherproof store.

301.8 Chemical Fertilizers and Sprays

Chemical fertilizers and sprays shall be used only where specified. They shall conform
in every respect to the mixture required and be applied strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. All chemicals shall be used only under the direct
supervision of an experienced person, and any damage caused by excess or drift shall be
made good at the Contractor's expense.

All chemicals used shall be non-toxic to human beings, birds and animals under normal
use, and only chemicals on the 'Agricultural Chemical Approval Lists' may be used.

302 PLANT MATERIALS

302.1 General

Plant materials shall mean trees, palms, shrubs, vines, ground covers, succulents and
plants of all descriptions to be provided as shown on the Drawings or specified in the
plant schedules.

All plants shall be free from pests and diseases and be representative of their normal
species or variety. All plants shall have well branched heads and vigorous root systems
and shall be injury free. Unless otherwise specified or indicated on the Drawings, only
nursery grown plants shall be used. Plants which are pot or plastic bag grown shall not
be root bound.

All plants shall be true to name and type, and shall be tagged with names as specified. In
all cases botanical names shall take precedence over common names.

302.2 Trees

Each tree shall possess characteristics for its variety and growth typical of its species.
All trees shall be well branched with straight trunks, or trunks characteristic of the
species, with a well shaped top, and intact leader. The height shall be measured from the
stem's earth-line to the lowest branch of the tree.

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SECTION 300 - LANDSCAPING

302 PLANT MATERIALS (Cont'd)

302.3 Palms

Palms shall have vigorous root systems, crowns of new leaves, proper colour of leaves of
adult palms, and sufficient hardlines. The height of a palm shall be measured from the
stem's earth-line to the base of the first frond.

302.4 Shrubs and Vines (Climbers)

Each shrub and vine shall possess characteristics and growth typical of the species.

All shrubs and vines shall be well shaped and bushy with well spaced branches, and not
skinny. The height of shrubs or vines shall be measured from the stem's earth-line to the
top branches.

Unless vines or climbers are the self-clinging types, some form of initial support shall be
provided before planting is carried out. For example, a wall shall be wired or have a
trellis affixed to it. Other methods may be used subject to the prior approval of the S.O.

302.5 Ground Covers

A ground cover plant is defined as any plant or group of plants, other than grasses, which
will satisfactorily cover the ground, forming a compact and attractive cover. They
usually grow to a height of 150mm to 300mm.

302.6 Plants Substitution

No substitution of plants' species or sizes shall be permitted unless it is proved to the

satisfaction of the S.O. that the specified plants are not available in Malaysia, or that the
species or sizes specified are not suitable for local conditions. Substitutions shall only be
made with the prior written approval of the S.O.

302.7 Plant Size

Plants larger than specified in the plant list may used if approved by the S.O., but use of
such plants shall not increase the Contract Sum.

Up to 10% of undersized plants in any one variety may be used, provided that there are
sufficient plants above size to make the average size equal to the size as specified.

The size of a plant means the plantable size (i.e. the size that is required for planting out
on Site). All plants other than those whose sizes are specified in the plant schedules shall
have the following sizes.

i) Instant Trees

An instant tree means a semi-mature tree with an overall height of 4m to 5m,

with well spread branches. The lowest branch shall be not less than 2m from the
soil level. It shall have a straight main stem of not less than 2m in height and a
diameter of 75mm to 125mm when measured at 1m above soil level.

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SECTION 300 - LANDSCAPING

302 PLANT MATERIALS (Cont'd)

302.7 Plant Size (Cont'd)

ii) Rooted Stump Cuttings

This applies to those plants which can be easily grown from stem cuttings
instead of from seeds. They shall have a straight main stem of 2.5m to 3.0m in
height with a diameter of 50mm to 75mm. The stump cuttings shall have well
developed root systems, with well balanced branches, and shall have been
nursery grown for 18 months.

iii) Tree Saplings

Tree saplings shall mean trees grown from seedlings or cuttings. Saplings shall
be 1 to 2 years old depending on the species. They shall have a straight main
stem of not less than 1.5m in height from the soil level to the lowest branch, a
stem diameter of 20mm to 25mm measured at 1m above soil level, and a well
branching system. Tree saplings shall be container grown with no roots bound.

iv) Palms

Palms may be container grown or from the open ground.

v) Single-stem Palm

This means a palm with a single main trunk. The trunk height shall be at least
1m measured from the earth-line to the base of the first frond. The diameter of
the trunk shall be at least 75mm when measured at 200mm above soil level.
The palm shall have at least 5 mature grown leaves, and a healthy fibrous root
system.

vi) Cluster Palm

This means palms which grow in clusters. They shall have a minimum of 4
stems clustered together, and the shortest stem shall have a height of at least 1m
from soil level, with a diameter of 50mm to 75mm when measured at 200mm
above soil level. The cluster shall have well balanced mature leaves, and a
healthy fibrous root system.

vii) Bamboos

Bamboos may be container grown or from open ground. They shall have a
minimum of 4 stems measuring 2.0m to 2.5m in height above soil level, with a
diameter of 25mm to 50mm depending on the species. Bamboos shall have a
bushy head of foliage, and well developed root system.

Viii) Tall Shrubs

A tall shrub means a tall growing shrub with a well branching system, one or
more leading shoots with an overall height of not less than 600mm, and a well
developed bushy foliage mass of 450mm in spread.

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SECTION 300 - LANDSCAPING

302 PLANT MATERIALS (Cont'd)

302.7 Plant Size (Cont'd)

ix) Medium Shrubs

A medium shrub means a shrub with a height of 450mm to 600mm and a well
developed bushy foliage mass of 300mm to 450mm in spread.

x) Small Shrubs (Low Shrubs)

A small shrub means a low shrub with a height of 300mm to 450mm and a well
developed bushy head of 300mm in spread.

xi) Conifers

Conifers may be container grown or from open ground. They shall have a
straight main stem and overall height of 1.5m above earth-line. They shall have
a well formed shape and root system.

xii) Climbers/Vines

A climber (or vine) means a plant which has the habit of trailing growth by
means of its aerial roots or tendrils on supporting objects. A climber shall
consist of one or more shoots not less than 500mm long, and shall be container
grown.

xiii) Ground Covers

Ground cover plants shall be supplied in plastic bags or wooden trays. If

supplied in 150mm size plastic bags, there shall be at least 3 cuttings per bag,
each not less than 150mm long. All ground cover plants shall be well shaped,
bushy and with vigorous root system. Each type shall possess characteristics and
growth habit of the species.

303 PLANTING

303.1 Planting Schedule

The Contractor in consultation with the S.O. shall prepare a planting programme of the
project areas, giving details of timing and stages of planting operations. The planting
programme shall strictly conform to the Contract completion schedule. The planting
programme shall be submitted to the S.O. for approval.

303.2 Hole Pegging

Before any hole excavation is carried out, the Contractor shall locate and peg out the
tree/shrub holes or beds as specified on the Drawings by means of 500mm to 1000mm
stakes. The holes shall not be excavated until the S.O. has approved the locations.

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SECTION 300 - LANDSCAPING

303 PLANTING (Cont'd)

303.3 Hole Excavation

The holes for planting shall be excavated in the following sizes:

i) 1m x 1m x 1m for tree saplings

ii) 500mm x 500mm x 500mm for shrubs

iii) shrub/flower beds or trenches to the sizes shown on the Drawings and to a depth
not exceeding 500mm.

All holes shall be inspected and approved by the S.O. before any backfill of soil mixture
is allowed. All excavated materials shall be disposed of as approved or directed by the
S.O.. The Contract Sum is deemed to include for excavation in any material, including
rock, concrete rubble, rubbish, etc. No claim for extra payment for excavation of hard or
difficult materials shall be allowed.

303.4 Soil Mixture

The soil mixture shall consist of :

i) 2/3 approved topsoil

ii) 1/3 sludge, or chicken dung, or compost as approved by the S.O..

The soil mixture ingredients shall be thorougly mixed in the correct proportions at the
Site to produce the required soil mixture, all to the satisfaction of the S.O..

The tree holes, shrubs holes, and shrub/flower beds or trenches shall be backfilled with
the prepared soil mixture, which shall be lightly tamped into the excavations in layers of
not more than 300mm loose thickness, and brought up to a height of 200mm to 250mm
above the surrounding ground to allow for natural settlement.

303.5 Topsoil

Topsoil for landscaping soil mixture shall be the original surface layer of soil from
cultivated land or forest areas. It shall not include soil from swampy areas, paddy-fields
or tin mining areas.

Topsoil shall be distinguishable from the underlying subsoil by its darker shade of colour
(whether brown, grey or red), and shall be fertile, friable and exhibit some degree of
porosity. It shall be obtained from a well drained area that is flood-free, and shall be free
from stones, clay lumps, subsoil, plants, roots and other deleterious and extraneous
matter.

The Contractor shall notify the S.O. of the source of supply for the latter's approval prior
to the delivery to the Site of any material. Topsoil delivered to the Site without the S.O.'s
prior approval may be rejected by the S.O., in which case it shall be removed from the
Site at the Contractor's expense.

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SECTION 300 - LANDSCAPING

303 PLANTING (Cont'd)

303.5 Topsoil (Cont'd)

All topsoil delivered to the Site shall be freshly excavated, and shall be delivered and
maintained prior to use in a suitable condition. Material that is too dry or too wet or
muddy shall not be used, and shall be processed to bring it into a suitable condition or
removed from the Site as the S.O. shall direct, all at the Contractor's expense.

303.6 Manure and Compost

Manure or compost for use in the soil mixture shall be obtained from a source (or
sources) approved in advance by the S.O.

The Contractor shall notify the S.O. of the materials be proposes to use in the soil mixture
for the latter's approval prior to the delivery to the Site of any material. Material
delivered to the Site without the S.O.'s prior approval may be rejected by the S.O., in
which case it shall be removed from the Site at the Contractor's expense.

Manure shall be chicken dung, which shall be free from deleterious and extraneous
materials.

Compost shall be decomposed and semi-decomposed vegetation, free from deleterious

and extraneous matter.

Both chicken dung and compost shall have been conditioned in storage piles for at least 2
years and shall be suitably moist but not wet or waterlogged.

Dried sludge from sewage treatment may be used at the discretion of the S.O.

303.7 Fertilizer

Fertilizer shall be Christmas Island Rock Phosphate (C.I.R.P.). It shall be applied to the
soil mixture in the tree holes, shrub holes and shrub/flower beds and trenches after
backfilling and prior to planting at the rate of 0.5kg per cubic metre of excavation.

The fertilizer shall be well mixed into the soil mixture to the satisfaction of the S.O.

303.8 Planting

Trees and shrubs of the species and sizes specified on the planting plans shall be planted
in the locations shown on the Drawings. The spacing between trees and/or shrubs shall
be as shown on the Drawings, and varies from location to location.

Shrubs, vines and ground covers shall be planted in the locations and in the numbers
shown on the Drawings in such a way that even spacing and proper matching of shapes
and sizes is obtained which will provide a dense natural cover.

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SECTION 300 - LANDSCAPING

303 PLANTING (Cont'd)

303.8 Planting (Cont'd)

In planting a unit shall mean:

i) one tree or one clump of trees within one tree hole or an equivalent area of 1.0m
x 1.0m

OR

ii) one shrub or one group of shrubs within one shrub hole or an equivalent area of
0.5m x 0.5m.

The Contractor shall plant all trees and shrubs securely in the soil mixture, at such a level
that after any natural settlement they shall have their original earth-lines, all to the
satisfaction of the S.O.

Disturbance of the root systems or balls of earth of trees and shrubs shall be kept to the
practical minimum when removing plants from containers and planting them.

All empty plant pots and containers shall be removed from the Site immediately after
planting.

303.9 Stakes and Ties

Where necessary, trees shall be supported immediately after planting. The supporting
stakes shall be stout, straight, 25mm to 30mm diameter, and at least 1.5m long. No
supporting stakes are required for bushy shrubs. The supporting stakes shall be firmly
driven into the ground, and suitable ties shall be supplied and fixed for each tree as shown
on the Drawings. The stakes shall be driven one third below ground level and two thirds
above, or as otherwise required to resist the force of the wind.

Wires shall be encased in hose to prevent direct contact with the bark of trees, and shall
be placed around the trunks and the supporting stakes in a single loop as shown on the
Drawings.

303.10 Tree Guards

Triangular tree guards shall be provided as shown on the Drawings. Each tree guard
shall consist of 3 vertical poles 1.5m long driven 300mm into the ground with 6
horizontal poles 1.0m long forming two ties, one close to the ground and one near the top,
as shown the Drawings. The poles shall be of hardwood with a diameter of at least
50mm.

303.11 Watering

All trees, shrubs and other plants shall be watered immediately after planting, and
thereafter twice each day until the plants are well established, all to the satisfaction of the
S.O..

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SECTION 300 - LANDSCAPING

304 TRANSPLANTING OF INSTANT TREES (SEMI-MATURE TREES

304.1 Selection of Trees for Transplanting

Trees selected for transplanting shall be vigorous, healthy, undamaged and of good shape.
They shall have a height of 4m to 5m and a weight of 250kg to 500kg.

304.2 Transplanting Season

Transplanting shall only be carried out during the dormant season of each particular
species, and in favourable weather.

304.3 Orientation of Trees

Prior to transplanting, a mark shall be made on the trunk of each tree to indicate the north
side. Trees shall be planted at their new locations with their original orientations.

304.4 Rootballs

The rootball shall be sufficiently large to accommodate a viable and stable greater part of
the tree's entire root system. Generally the rootball shall be not less than 0.5m in depth
with a diameter of 10 times the diameter of the tree trunk. Trees with fibrous root
systems (e.g. most palm species) require smaller rootballs than trees with a long tap root
system (e.g. Tambusu).

304.5 Root Pruning

After the size of the rootball has been established, its perimeter shall be marked on the
ground, and a vertical trench not less than 0.5m deep dug around it using hand spades.
When appropriate, the depth of the trench shall extend to the tap root, which shall be cut
outside the perimeter of the rootball. Lateral roots outside the perimeter of the rootball
shall be pruned off, and the trench backfilled with good topsoil and root promoting
organic fertilizer. The root promoting fertilizer shall be thoroughly mixed into the
topsoil backfill at the rate of 140gm per square metre of rootball surface. At least 2
weeks shall elapse after trench backfilling before transplanting to allow for the
development of new fibrous roots.

304.6 Branch Pruning

Two thirds of the lateral branches shall be pruned off but not mutilated. For palms, only
lower fronds shall be pruned off. All cuts shall be painted with wound sealant. Branch
pruning shall be carried out at least 2 to 3 weeks before transplanting.

304.7 Tree Pits

Pits for instant trees shall not be excavated until their positions have been pegged by the
Contractor and approved by the S.O.. Each tree pit shall be at least 0.6m wider and 0.3m
deeper than the rootball it is to receive.

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SECTION 300 - LANDSCAPING

304 TRANSPLANTING OF INSTANT TREES (SEMI-MATURE TREES (Cont'd)

304.8 Lifting

To minimize the time between lifting and replanting, trees shall not be lifted before their
receiving pits have been excavated.

Immediately prior to lifting a tree:

i) low branches shall be tied back

ii) the trench around the perimeter of the rootball shall be re-excavated

iii) the rootball, trunk and branches shall be wrapped with sackcloth

iv) the wrapped surface of the rootball shall be covered with vertical wooden planks
50mm thick, which shall be bound firmly against the rootball with tying ropes or
chains.

The tree shall be lifted with care. The tree shall be suitably padded throughout the lifting
and subsequent operations to prevent damage and bruising. When the rootball has been
lifted free, further supporting and protective wrappings underneath the ball shall be used
to guard against damage from bumps and vibration during transport.

304.9 Loading and Transporting

Shorter trees may be carried on a truck in an inclined position, however generally trees
shall have to be transported in a more or less horizontal position, fully supported along
the rootballs and most of their lengths.

304.10 Planting

Trees shall be replanted as soon as possible after lifting.

Each tree shall be firmly set in its pit in the correct orientation and with the bottom of the
rootball uncovered, with good topsoil or other material approved by the S.O. packed
under the rootball, so that when finally set the tree shall have the same earth-line as in its
original position, with a small allowance for any expected settlement. With the tree held
firmly in position, the remainder of the rootball wrapping shall be removed, and the pit
backfilled with good topsoil or other material approved by the S.O., tamped firmly into
place to eliminate all air pockets and provide firm support for the tree.

The remaining tree wrappings, branch ties, etc. shall then be removed, and the tree shall
be watered.

304.11 Guying

Guying of instant trees shall be provided as necessary in locations exposed to strong

winds.

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