+ » Leading se Human factoss In monoging Dd Mal4tpr lf cf of Rule D Wo Average pexson 1) The @mpostonce of pesson dfartty. a Consideving the chele person: 9 Couglas MCGregou's Theor "5. Theowg “A"s- “7 Assumptions of theory "x7: DY An averogé employee ‘intzWnetcally does not like work and ites to Tt whenever possfble - » Many employees doesnet Want +o Work § would to averd: Priang emploges wank fob Secuatry ontop & the have l?+tle “ov No 0 “Sptsotfon / am brtfons- Empledees sesist change c Ain averse. employees needs Fosmal dixection- a) escape -) AssumPdPons of 4h wy: D Employees con Pescetve thert Job as etlaccing § nowmal they ex erctse stheto pha steal 4 mental effats fn ar fn hevent monned %rn thety fobs. >) oF Job 15 wewarden g Satish then 7+ wll result In employees loyalty & committment +o ong orf fon: s ‘Seannd wth CmSeanerto An average employees Can lPasn admit and zecoariz hese enc he cam even aes 4 2 Ths It ‘2 the empleo y ens ie thet loatcal Cagabilites, Ghould be fully udfl?zed- Tmelfcatfan. of ALeoay 90 2. theory “Ye Quite Pew Sraantrat® +h todou -theom Boa encCoutages as a, ontaq Ind Supesurcion - + meplies Soa Mm Ome wedurtant +o of 2otfe nal emplayees OTC Thus, Tt does not EN Cowmay finnouadfon: "theory “y" enconeses decentralfeatfan of outherny 42am woxk £ Pontict potfut. decfsfon mabing {nan ootfon- Theeay'y" Secwches 4 discovers -+he~ cee fn cohich oo 8 Be, o f = -buitfon Tn_an OVAanizatfon: cit _hatmoni2zes 4__motches employe needs & aspafation | t)i+h OvAari2atfonal need & 099 %Maxaotfon ‘Seannd wth CmSeanerD oifference bes” Theory x & Theory x Points of Theory,” Wy? Theory ee ComPoxtston » Nearing » A motfuatfonal righ Workers are Self n dfsected and self Assumptions Supesviston & co Oves Suberdinates — Mottuacted fox Greated degree of Arouth § Centsalf2oton development D work Ofel?kes wowk Wook Yrs Netuwa) 2X ambitfon LktHe +o Know Hig hly ambitfons er abeBn 2) Responsitility — Avetds - Accepts 3 Responst bility Seeks 5) leadesship Auto - C-vocta Democ-wasts @) Oisectfon Const: dizectton Lettle to Hneco vequized dtwe” eequtsed TD) conreo) Tight conte) Lenfents, 8 PP each @) futhoats centralfoed O€cen tralfed 3) cel Absent Presens motteatfon ‘Seanned wth CmSeaner>A Qual monde! theow 2 2To Ynteaqn if fonal Vorfables Ife goal 1technology , Storctuxe with human Voefables whfch os capabilites, volue Needs 4 demo Qzaphic. Characteristics into on effective ¢ effecfent soc-techn2cal system through _dfrecting Gelecting teoniog. A pore: 9, Commun itd 2 Contanlitng. Miles theo don Pollow=na Tradtttonal model C Smnflaceeto"se'") 4 = “VEmehasfs on contzollfag 3 dtreot? 1e_ co? WeS EP -tast & eprncedures seectfred «TP they are Puapemld elecded troinéd & Pofd. 2) Haman eelatiana model C modify “>e''!) ¢— HL Focous on octal 2 gosh oan? Po teeta: A. ONS art no+ enough: if) Yu 5 seto'y “)i- Mang ex seen aS developer % Fact\ trates, self Cofteale x 4 Self Atredfon ‘Seamed wth CmSeanee» Mottuatfon 2 Ttis the process of acvousing the actfon, Sustoining the actuPty ‘in process 3 Regulading the pottem of actus ty ) Noture of mottuatfon i- 7D Based on motves D aPFected by mothueding > Goal. prsected behaviour: 5 Related +o sb+?Psfacien D pesson fs motivated fn totaltty > complex ervocess: DY ITmPostonce of motfuattfon ) Puts human wseSource nto action » i level of eFffictency ° employes D Leads to achveuement of oegarit 2ettonal Qoals ) guilds Prwfendly selatfonship ) LeadS +o stobiltty of work Force: 2) Motftvetfen % Iimpodtant +o an Andtvidusl as GT wy, mortuatfon wtll hele hem achteve hrs Aoals- 1D TP Von individual Ps mottieted, he ustl have fob Satfs-fuction- Mortfuatfon wll hele th Self - devetoe- -~ment of indiuPdual: aoe cay ‘Seanned wth CmSeanerAy rottvatfan cs Impontant to’ bustness ag i= A? the maze. motivated -the employes 1) The more fe the +€am worl 8 LOOL n rt. there w%tl be more un ptabtiting & Crxeatiyil W)_MotWotfan cxtll ead +o on optimiatic alfenat Place. ox ct oe disfactien -chaint— | Motivation - Need = “want— Need Give . Wonts which fse cause. to Tension which Acton Uohtch =| gives Results —| Rise to tn —] Sotisfaction =) Theorie of oe tan i | 2_prfive theo, : oe See O dwuve +he jj Mnetivedfan ow dative -theart | people behave a a e 2 | —Cextofin od st ae ‘Seannd wth CmSeaner iSCr€ated In the body asa sesult of unFullfilted Liologfcal need. qhe avouSal ov the Stote of imnes +enefon -that develops wtthin the bedy due +o these needs 75 Knowas “ dvive”. D Motfoation Tncentives t-. Dincentives fs an act ow | Promis For greetes action: tncentfues ae Something which axe gtven fn add?tfon to Wagers: I+ %s also called aS Stimulus +o ‘qzxtatte action. T+ means add?tonal wemuneratfon os benefit +o an employe achievemen+ ox betden Wowk: ¥) weed of Incentives + D to incsease product? WD to aSve or awouse asiimuls UIOTK: ii) To enhance commitment fn work Ppexfoamace: WD To Psachologically sotfeky o- Pexson which leads to Fob Sorfsfacton: WY To shape the behavfow oF outlet of Subos dinates +ouse%ds work: va To fnculude 2eol & enthusiasm to words Work: : Yeposttive Incentives t— Wages, Solozies, bouns etc: > vegatre Tncentieg 2- i : Punishment, clerementete, ‘Seannd wth CmSeanerDIL The cozrot 8 stick 2- Comsot 35 Stfck tht frp means sword oa penal method of mo+fuation - tosmat i Bonus fncentfves, prorstfaasete stick t= craw of loc Tag fob, Pos cut demotion etc: DI Mow -to %m plement a _Cawsot 3_Stick policy: D set a eal UW? Ceeate gn facentive. RE Oecide cho Should cleve the carr. 2) outline consequence: 2 Decide usho Should Recieve sore je Vi) Chaase Yout Cornet 3 Sick palics Come fully : +A ma 4 iva a | elf =| A Cluat?eatfon Self k| etee ete Cote ee eee eG —_| Esteem = z ay REShece 1, Status, Seegiation Psy cologica\ = » ‘ove’ & longing need = | Forendshipy Fomilg Gendl of a Soke ty needs aye 22 Sc > Rygiuel Peete ATI weed ‘el P s=atees Physfolegica] Needs a ‘Seannd wth CmSeanerD Physfolog? cal needs i- > These ave the busic needs of On tndfual which Pncludes Food , Clothing , shelter ote waters, etc. These needs welated +o Suevlald mMointance of hfe . 9) Sofety Needs t- Dthese needs ave also impoxtar fos human beings - Ever) bod wonts fob Securthy, Proteatfon agdinst danger, Safety oF property etc: % Soctal Needs +- : YThese needs emerge from Soctehy man is Soctal animal- These needs become Important } “ey Dd love, ofFfeciion . belo gingness, Conversatvon etc. 2) Esteen Needs 3- Dthese veeds ave relayed +o destze fow self- sespect , 2eCognttion g. wespect Prom othess: >) Leadexshfp +— +s defined as the process of Inf \vensfing people thot they wil) sive wofllingls emthustastteally toads he achteement of Qoup goal: ‘Seannd wth CmSeaner4)| chowactertctics of leadewshie = 1445 an inter- Ppezsonal proces: fin which a Manages 4s Into _Inflen cin: o ° i a attainme: ca. i? T+ denotes Pew qualides +o be present {na person which inclucle intelligence mocori § pes onal?h. WD THis a Qmoup paocess: T+ Ynvolues -t0 ov moze people intemac##na worth each others. _ x Oo c er esskie += Dcanfitfates actPon > But ding morale )_mMotivatfon 2) Buflds woxtk providing, 2 tnyizonment >») weating confrclence >) Co- ardinaifan *)| leadorshio Ales = >) Autocwotic leadewsh?p +- The +h s ctule of ewshi. ——a leodex has complet Command & hold over I! thet, employes team. oo =2 “Ihe teom connot put foswornd thet views even TF they ore best fos the ~~ teams omgarkzaonal _intessects. Sa ae 2 They Connet Criticize o sj quesrfon +he leaden’ Coad of Qettin g > qinee- cloner eS ‘Seannd wth CmSeanerD The Lotasez Faty Leodewsh?p Style Diese, the leadew to tallg beusty these team to pesform the Job them selves. D We just concentaste on in] lectual/ wotation aspects of his work 2 cloes not focus on Management aspects of hes work 7 The team /employes are welcomtd to shave thety veins gy Peovide Suggestions which axe best for OBQanizatfon Interest DThes lead esship SIYle works Onlg when The employees are Skilled, loyal g tntehectual- : D pemocratfue/ poxticteate leadexshtp stale So The leaders Invited 4, encourage The teom membexs to Pplad an Tmpostant wole th decision matin process, theough the ultimate dectsfon malsing, Powes vests with the leader- > The leades guides employ2s On whey +o perfosr and howd to pesfoom: *) Ths leadeoshtp etale has onld one aAvawback thats ttme ComSuming « ‘Seannd wth CmSeanerDI Bumeacwatfe | fp t- i Dw hy iotl the ore onfizasfanal exul 4. polfcies - Al thes, make Su he em Pployes/ team stavoH- Follons the wile 2 procedures: =2 Promotions takes place ante — hast of mploye's abhilfiy to odbese +o Omani? atfonal _yul-e « 2) This leadexchte tylo {S mo ottable when safe posh condttfon -2ualPt Ove _wequiered - i 2) commuricetfon 2 - am nogesal Communtretfon T: -functfon oohfch hele mangers Communicate. with toch others o elt as cst empleye within the oaQoris ofan - +) Manogral Communication cbapes t= 3 Interpersonal comm anfcactfon q oad i atta: Bl 5 — 7 Te f: 3th He | oT —s el —| -Sechonae of ee et she svaonizo4fon: 1 f-FRective Comrnunt cadfan seduce ~Auplf eae, of coosk: i” ) 1a Nag wo om Unt oe _emectol pole ot +he time of soe ‘Seannd wth CmSeaneroo 9 aia” cd of monagersal communication + an ongers Communicate amongst themselves & Suboyd INakes 67 2 Vewbal comm Un*co'tfon FT) wWtttena Communteetvon B) Boda lonquoge oF ) Oxgort2o+onel Commun? eation - YD fowme) Communicetion 1D tnfosmal communi cotion a) Otsectfon of Commun cation Flow t- D Upwoowd Commun?cation *) Down wewd Ccommunicatfon » Bases to efReclfue Communication o- D Powrfalla & workplace polftics ore the mofos bowstes to effective Corsmunicetfon at worskplace- AD) AS wesponsidble THONAASE Oe must stoy awed fsom nus politics ar ~wooskPlace: VD Bo not addwess Yous team members Bust Fos the Sake of 3+ TaKe come gf your pitch tone: «D> perfese not +0 Wtewack Verutll] i) Bo Not Comm Lyf cat]e Sepesarly WIP Yours Team membexs as trfermet decived Loum: ‘Seannd wth CmSeaner__ 4H Cantzol\ing ons =) contralling fs a systematic erxcV0oa cise cohich f allied GSa pancess of chéctsing actual performance agoiast thondards a2 plan cotth cifeuw + ensue adequate pros: a At er rs fen Sn 2 hutio +o Posstble -Rirtuse need fot Aiccosd?ing to Brech- Features of ControllPng 3= D Contyolling 7S an end Punedfor wo x) 2 2 at on. ell?ng, is pervasive function Wi) Flesct bh) a ita Ww continuous pence. WO ote fs o Ainctan of Mangmervt Vi) Timel & encereetfon ovented og uit) Futuse orfented vit) Understondable: \*) The Contsel punce DEstablishment of Standends so & 2) Standewzds are +he Plans Lor tesgets which have ts be achfeved fn the Cousse of busine Ranction- Standards aol\ classifed fn wo - o) Meosuxable or -tangible b) Non ~meeSmablé ox Pntangible ‘Seannd wth CmSeaner2) Measusment of perfowman ce tn > The secound mofos Step in Contsclitna fs to measure a Peaformance Radtng Out gevatfons becomes ea through meagusing the actual performance. w perfowmance fa meosustd bys 2) Atiftude of the woskers 5) The?s morale to work D he development Pn the attftudes Beqosding the Physica) envionment DThe?s communteation with the Superfox D comparision of actual g standasd pesBrmant D Comparison of actual pesformane ned towgets Ps very fmpostant Deutatfon can be deffaed aS the gap bet” actual peofos mance & +he Planned tonyets D The cause of deufaton are t- 0) Exsemn €ous plonrin Dco-omdtnatfons loosens 2 Amelementation of plan i> defectie, Supeoviston 4 Communtcatton ts fine ffective etc with +he Plan oy) Toke Remedfal actfons:- Donce the Cause & extent deRotfons o%e Known the manager has +o detect those esos g take tmedil actfons ‘Seannd wth CmSeaner| T4pes of contyolon the baste of time of actPon =~ Dd Feed back Contsol ® ONCUsTEN+t contro) 1D Feed fos Ja%d Contec! a 49) Behavtawal Contso Y) EfnancPal £ won ffnan al Contzls- Conteo] techniques = D Taadtdon al + chriiques 2) Modean Seth nigieg. ee adftfonal +technfqueg ¢~ =) Personal oa fexsonal abseravatfon fs the most trodttfenal -technfque af costed): T+ helps to mang ere cho gorthex Ffest hand ?nfoxmatfan about ty pesferman -ce__of employe's- ") Stodfatfoal Repowt + - 2A is of “Stutfcal Report” PS on Lmportant cael of conte!» D Quantttattue Contacl_¢ often used on the bast. of Onalteis oF sot ic. -Mcol_zepovts prePoxed by Various, Manger | or 5 executives of an orgontzotfon. ‘Seannd wth CmSeanerD Bud getaoy contwolt- > Budgetary Come) Ts the Process of using bud est to Compare thy, actial pensforsmance of a budget +o ah devfatfons by deteting deviations < adjusting badgers esdimate oF devicti, a Modem +echniques 2- SD Return on nvestmenti— D Retusn on tnvegtment Sa useful toel +o contscl the overall pesformance of an enterprises: T+ fe also - called sehen on ~ copttal Employed! ») Rotfo Analysis ¢~ 2) Each business Hatton hos +o Tlusteate tts Ftnamteal Peete using weportsS Such of balance sheets 4 paofit 4 lomSS Stotements. 2 Resp onsibfl & Accounting : D Res Ponsrbi le fo : WF ts o technique of ACcountin nee the Ppefosmance of dtp 8 ene IS Soaltatel hots ae arte applied to the “Prededeamine) ‘goals. set Fou depostments, unty , 3 Aatvteton: , Classes om ‘Seannd wth CmSeanera2 Management AcudPt 27 QA manages cudfer vefers chao 5 ee ower | eexnfowmance feo atfon e) PERT g cpm :- 2 PERT C Px Ee 8 _Reviea Techniques) & CPM C ¢aitical Purth method) ave two fmPomtont 4 Lquee used tn both planria conte): 2 These +echyriques are used to Colculerbhe the tortal expected time mequined to Complete a pro te do20 Fr onn Redo nie Ay the mavement of | Ob stpactes thot have o Sani€fcoat Wmpact an the Completion da fot dhe Project: Such techniques ove mofaly USed Pn the frelds of Consteuctforn Pate ps one aN + NS ww aN ‘Seannd wth CmSeaner