DATE : 25.01.

2020 CT ADEQUACY CALCULATION

11kV Switchgear TR118B1L (S118B1) - A1

1 INTRODUCTION :

This Document Covers CT adequacy calculation for 11kV Switchgear TR118B1L (S118B1) (A1)

2 DESIGN BASIS :

CT parameters are based on:

2.1 Breaker interrupting capacity and system X/R ratio

2.2 CT knee point emf and other parameters are calculated at adopted Tap
as shown in Protection and Metering Diagram

2.3 Lead length is considered for 100 Meters

3 SYSTEM DETAILS :

3.1 Nominal system voltage : 11 kV

3.2 Busbar Rated Current : 2500 A

3.3 Maximum Fault Current : 40 kA Primary

3.4 X/R Ratio : 8 Assumed

4 CT DETAILS : 11kV Switchgear TR118B1L (S118B1) (A1)

S.NO CT NAME RATIO PRIMARY SEC Class Rct Burden Vk

1 CT-1 2500/1A 2500 A 1A 1.0 10 Ω 10 VA -
2 CT-2 2500/1A 2500 A 1A 1.0 10 Ω 15 VA -
3 CT-3 2500/1A 2500 A 1A 5P10 10 Ω 15 VA 250 V
4 CT-4 2500/1A 2500 A 1A PX 12.5 Ω - 750 V
5 CT-5 2500/1A 2500 A 1A PX 12.5 Ω - 350 V

4.1 Knee Point Voltage Derivation formula for Protection Class CT :

Vk : ((VA / I2)+(RCT)) * ALF x In

Where,
Vk : Knee Point Voltage
VA : CT Burden
RCT : CT Secondary Resistance
ALF : Accuracy Limitation Factor
In : CT Secondary Current

PROJECT : CLEAN FUEL PROJECT

SRIRACHA, THAILAND SHEET : 3 OF 36 REV:00
DATE : 25.01.2020 CT ADEQUACY CALCULATION
11kV Switchgear TR118B1L (S118B1) - A1

5 RELAY CT BURDEN :
CT-1 CT-2 CT-3 CT-4 CT-5
Over Current & Earth Fault Protection ION 9000 +
AVR P143 P643 P142
Ammeter

Relay Burden : 0.50 VA 0.20 VA 0.15 VA 0.02 VA 0.15 VA

Ohmic Burden : VA/In2 VA/In2 VA/In2 VA/In2 VA/In2
0.50 Ω 0.20 Ω 0.15 Ω 0.02 Ω 0.15 Ω

6 LEAD RESISTANCE :

RL : 0.25 Ω Assumed for 50 Meters - one way

7 CT ADEQUACY FOR CT-1 & CT-2 METERING CLASS CT:

Actual
S.NO CT NAME RATIO Class Burden
Burden
1 CT-1 2500/1A 1.0 10 VA 0.50 VA
2 CT-2 2500/1A 1.0 15 VA 0.20 VA

For CT-1 & CT-2, available burden is higher than actual burden.
Hence the CT is adequate

8 KNEE POINT VOLTAGE REQUIREMENTS FORMULA AS PER RELAY MANUAL-P143

8.1 Non-directional definite time/IDMT overcurrent & earth fault protection

8.1.1 Time-delayed Phase overcurrent elements 51

Vk ≥ Ιcp/2 * (RCT + RL + Rrp)

8.1.2 Time-delayed Earth fault elements 51N

Vk ≥ Ιcn/2 * (RCT + 2RL + Rrp + Rrn)

8.1.3 Instantaneous Phase overcurrent elements 50

Vk ≥ Ιsp x (RCT + RL + Rrp)

8.1.4 Instantaneous Earth fault elements 50N

Vk ≥ Ιsn x (RCT + 2RL + Rrp + Rrn)

PROJECT : CLEAN FUEL PROJECT

SRIRACHA, THAILAND SHEET : 4 OF 36 REV:00
DATE : 25.01.2020 CT ADEQUACY CALCULATION
11kV Switchgear TR118B1L (S118B1) - A1
9 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE ABOVE FORMULAE ARE EXPLAINED BELOW :

Vk : Required CT knee-point voltage

Ιcp : Maximum prospective secondary phase fault current or
31 times I> setting (whichever is lower)
Ιcn : Maximum prospective secondary earth fault current or
31 times I> setting (whichever is lower)
Ιsp : Stage 2 and 3 phase fault setting
Ιsn : Stage 2 and 3 earth fault setting
RCT : Resistance of CT Secondary Winding (Ohms)
RL : Resistance of a single lead from relay to current transformer (ohms)
Rrp : Impedance of relay phase current input at 30Ιn (ohms)
Rrn : Impedance of the relay neutral current input at 30Ιn (ohms)

10 CT ADEQUACY CHECK : CT-3

10.1.1 Time-delayed Phase overcurrent elements 51

Vk ≥ Ιcp/2 * (RCT + RL + Rrp)

Max. Fault Current : 16400 kA Primary 43.75 MVA Transformer with

: 6.6 A Secondary 14% impedance

Vk ≥ 6.56/2*(10+0.25+0.15)
≥ 34.1 V

10.1.2 Time-delayed Earth fault elements 51N

Vk ≥ Ιcn/2 * (RCT + 2RL + Rrp + Rrn)

≥ 6.56/2*(10+0.5+0.15+0.15)
≥ 35.4 V

10.1.3 Instantaneous Phase overcurrent elements 50

Vk ≥ Ιsp x (RCT + RL + Rrp)

Ιsp : Stage 2 and 3 phase fault setting

: 1.2 times Maximum Fault Current
: 7.9 A

Vk ≥ 7.872*(10+0.25+0.15)
≥ 81.9 V

PROJECT : CLEAN FUEL PROJECT

SRIRACHA, THAILAND SHEET : 5 OF 36 REV:00
DATE : 25.01.2020 CT ADEQUACY CALCULATION
11kV Switchgear TR118B1L (S118B1) - A1
10.1.4 Instantaneous Earth fault elements 50N

Vk ≥ Ιsn x (RCT + 2RL + Rrp + Rrn)

Ιsn : Stage 2 and 3 earth fault setting

: 1.2 times Maximum Fault Current
: 7.9 A

Vk ≥ 7.872*(10+2*0.25+0.15+0.15)
≥ 85.0 V

Since the actual Vk is higher than the calculated value, the CT is adequate

11 KNEE POINT VOLTAGE REQUIREMENTS FORMULA AS PER RELAY MANUAL-P643

A series of internal and external faults were performed to determine the CT requirements for
the differential function. These tests were performed under different X/R ratios, CT burdens,
Heavy internal fault currents can cause serious CT saturation, which lead to long tripping times
when the inrush restraint function is in operation. Therefore CT saturation and NoGap detectors are
implemented in the relay to speed up tripping times in such situations. However, a high CT knee point
voltage can mitigate saturation to let differential protection trip in time.

Therefore, the CT requirements are quoted in the following two situations:

(1) guarantees 35ms tripping time for an internal fault;
(2) allows tripping time for an internal fault up to 75ms.

The CT requirements are determined either by:

(1) The operating time for internal faults <35ms (100%), and relay keeps stable for through faults

CT dimension factor K = 55

Knee point voltage:

Vk = 55 * In * (RCT + 2RL + Rr)

(2) The operating time for internal faults <35ms (85%) and <75ms (100%), and relay
keeps stable for through fault

Knee point voltage:

Vk = 25 * In * (RCT + 2RL + Rr)

12 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE ABOVE FORMULAE ARE EXPLAINED BELOW :

Vk : Required CT knee-point voltage

K : Dimensioning factor
In : CT Nominal secondary current
RCT : Resistance of CT Secondary Winding (Ohms)
2RL : Resistance of a two way lead from relay to CT & Vice versa (ohms)
Rr : Protective Relay Burden

PROJECT : CLEAN FUEL PROJECT

SRIRACHA, THAILAND SHEET : 6 OF 36 REV:00
DATE : 25.01.2020 CT ADEQUACY CALCULATION
11kV Switchgear TR118B1L (S118B1) - A1

13 CT ADEQUACY CHECK : CT-4

13.1.1 The operating time for internal faults <35ms (100%), and relay keeps stable for through faults

Vk = 55 * In * (RCT + 2RL + Rr)

Vk = 55*1*(12.5+0.5+0.02)
= 716.1 V

13.1.2 The operating time for internal faults <35ms (85%) and <75ms (100%), and relay
keeps stable for through fault

Vk = 25 * In * (RCT + 2RL + Rr)

Vk = 25*1*(12.5+0.5+0.02)
= 325.5 V

Since the actual Vk is higher than the calculated value, the CT is adequate

14 TRANSFORMER DATA FOR REF PROTECTION

Transformer Details: TR118B1L

Transform Ratio : 33/11kV

Transformer MVA : 43.75 MVA
Transformer % Imp : 14%
HV Voltage Level : 33 kV
LV Voltage Level : 11 kV
Vector Group : Dyn11

LV Full Load Current : Rated MVA

√3 x Voltage Level

: 43.75 MVA
√3*11kV

: 2296 A

LV Max. Fault Current : Full Load Current

% Impedance

: 2296 / 0.14

: 16400 A Primary
: 6.56 A Secondary

PROJECT : CLEAN FUEL PROJECT

SRIRACHA, THAILAND SHEET : 7 OF 36 REV:00
DATE : 25.01.2020 CT ADEQUACY CALCULATION
11kV Switchgear TR118B1L (S118B1) - A1

15 KNEE POINT VOLTAGE REQUIREMENTS FORMULA AS PER RELAY MANUAL-P142

The high impedance restricted earth fault element shall maintain stability for through faults
and operate in less than 40ms for internal faults provided the following equations are met:

Rst : If * (RCT + 2RL)

Is
Vk > 4 * Is * Rst

16 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE ABOVE FORMULAE ARE EXPLAINED BELOW :

Rst : Stabilizing Resistance in Ohms

Vk : Required CT knee-point voltage
If : Maximum secondary through fault current level (amps)
RCT : Resistance of CT Secondary Winding (Ohms)
2RL : Resistance of a two way lead from relay to CT & Vice versa (ohms)
Is : Current setting of REF element
Vs : Voltage developed during internal fault

17 CT ADEQUACY CHECK : CT-5

Rst : If * (RCT + 2RL) Vs

=
Is Is

: 6.56*(12.5+2*0.25) 68.88
=
Assumed 20% of CT Rated Current 0.2 0.2

Rst : 344.40 Ω

Vk > 4 * Is * Rst

> 4*0.2*344.4

Vk > 275.5 V

Since the actual Vk is higher than the calculated value, the CT is adequate

18 METROSIL :

Since setting Volatge Vs is less than 125V, we recommend Single pole type 600A/S1/S256

PROJECT : CLEAN FUEL PROJECT

SRIRACHA, THAILAND SHEET : 8 OF 36 REV:00