FACTORS AFFECTING

CAREER CHOICE OF
FINAL-YEAR STUDENTS IN
HO CHI MINH CITY.
Student ID 001190016
Full Name Ngo Hai Trang
Lecturer Dr. Ho Huu Luc
Subject BUSI0011– Dissertation
Date of Submission 14/04/2022

NGO HAI TRANG 1

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................................................3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................4
1.1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................4
1.2. Background & Problem Statement......................................................................................4
1.3. Research Objective (RO)......................................................................................................5
1.4. Research Question (RQ).......................................................................................................5
1.5. Research Methodology..........................................................................................................5
1.6. Research Scope......................................................................................................................6
1.7. Research Limitation..............................................................................................................6
1.8. Thesis Outline........................................................................................................................6
1.9. Conclusion..............................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................7
2.1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................7
2.2. Definition................................................................................................................................7
2.3. Empirical studies...................................................................................................................9
2.4. Hypothesis............................................................................................................................11
2.5. Conceptual framework.......................................................................................................11
2.6. Conclusion............................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.............................................................................12
3.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................12
3.2. Research Design...................................................................................................................12
3.3. Research Approach.............................................................................................................13
3.4. Research Methodology & Research Strategy...................................................................14
3.5. Data Collection Methods.....................................................................................................14
3.6. Data Analysis.......................................................................................................................17
3.7. Ethical Concerns..................................................................................................................20
3.8. Conclusion............................................................................................................................21

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CHAPTER 4: RESULTS/FINDINGS..............................................................................................21
4.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................21
4.2. Descriptive Statistics...........................................................................................................21
4.3. Cronbach’s Alpha................................................................................................................25
4.4. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)...................................................................................29
4.5. Correlations..........................................................................................................................33
4.6. Regression............................................................................................................................34
4.7. Conclusion............................................................................................................................36
CHAPTER 5 : DISCUSSION...........................................................................................................36
5.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................36
5.2. Restatement..........................................................................................................................36
5.3. Conclusion............................................................................................................................37
CHAPTER 6 : CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................38
6.1. Limitation.................................................................................................................................38
6.2. Recommendation.....................................................................................................................38
6.3. Conclusion................................................................................................................................38
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................38
APPENDIX: Survey questions..........................................................................................................42

NGO HAI TRANG 3

 ABSTRACT
The general situation at the present time of many students is that they cannot determine their career
after graduation. In this research paper, the author will conduct research on the factors affecting the
career choice of final year students, the area that the author chooses to research is Ho Chi Minh City.
The author has given 6 factors that affect the career choice of final year students the most.
Quantitative research method is the research method chosen by the author to carry out his research.
The way the author uses to collect that data is a survey on Google Form, the survey subjects are final
year students at universities. After conducting the survey and obtaining the data, the author will
analyze the data using the SPSS tool, perform the necessary tests to check the influence of the
factors. Finally, the factor that has the most influence on the career choice of final year students is
personal preference. From there, the author gives tips for final year students to pay attention to what
factors and choose for themselves a suitable career to develop.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author would like to thank to Dr. Ho Huu Luc who wholeheartedly supported the author in the
process of conducting and completing his research paper. Besides, the author would also like to
thank the friends who participated in the survey so that the author could smoothly complete his
research. The author warrants that the research paper on FACTORS AFFECTING THE CAREER
CHOICE OF LAST YEAR STUDENTS IN Ho Chi Minh City is a research paper independently
researched by the author. The documents, background theories used in the research are all reputable
and official sources and the data used by the author in this study has not been published and used in
any other research paper.

NGO HAI TRANG 4

 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.
1.1. Introduction.

This chapter focus on the general introduction of theories and practices related to the topic of factors
affecting the career choice of final-year students in Ho Chi Minh City - one of the most developed
cities in Vietnam. In addition, research gap, research question, research objectives, research
methodology and the thesis structre will also be covered in this chapter.

1.2. Background & Problem Statement.

Students all over the world face difficult situations in making life-long career decisions, especially in
the final stages of their studies – final year, before graduation (McMahon & Watson, 2005).
According to Issa and Nwalo (2008), choosing a career and determining the next path can become a
nightmare for students. Current decisions can greatly affect an individual's future later, it acts as a
predictor and determines the nature of future work and income, thereby leaving imprints about the
person's personality and their outlook on life (Kazi & Akhlaq, 2017). Career decisions will influence
an individual's life, work and achievements throughout their life (Napompech, 2011). Therefore, at
this critical stage, one wrong decision can change an individual's destiny. However, decision making
is an inevitable process. Moreover, it is one of the basic needs of real life. According to DeSimone
(2002), career choice is one of the most important and decisive processes for each person. Near
graduation, students tend to choose careers that are challenging but still provide enough social status,
material wealth, and self-satisfaction (Choo, et al., 2012). The career path a student chooses will
affect how they go about the rest of their lives. While this process is important, many students still do
not realize which career is suitable for them and struggle with options. According to data from the
General Statistics Office of Vietnam, the unemployment rate in the first nine months of 2021 shows
that the number of unemployed people of working age is more than 1.3 million people, an increase of
126,500 over the same period last year. It is worth mentioning that every year there are more than
400,000 bachelors graduated, however, the number of unemployed is nearly 200,000 workers. With
such alarming numbers, the pressure of final year students is enormous. At the same time, pressure
from family and society to not become a burden on society also puts pressure on students' decision-
making process and career choice. There are many reasons leading to students choosing the wrong
career such as, unrealistically high dreams and expectations or little understanding of the profession
and position they have chosen. According to Fizer (2013), before students can choose a career

NGO HAI TRANG 5

channel, they must experience what the career really is and what it entails of the individual. The
researchers discovered a variety of parameters in their study that influenced students' career choice
decisions. Indeed, the study of career choice has long been of interest to researchers and academics
as well as employers and students (Arghode, et al., 2020). One of the outstanding studies on this
topic is that of Carpenter and Foster (1977). This study found that all factors affecting career come
from 3 main factors: intrinsic (personal interest, outcome expectations, self efficacy), extrinsic (job
availability, remuneration) or interpersonal (family, friends, or teachers).

1.3. Research Objective (RO).

The objective of this research is to find out and evaluate the factors leading to the career choice of
final-year students at Ho Chi Minh City. In addition, the study will also show the importance of
career choice as well as recommendations to improve efficiency in orientation for final-year students.

1.4. Research Question (RQ).

1.4.1. Main Question.

What are the factors affecting the career choices of final-year students in Ho Chi Minh City?

1.4.2. Sub Question.

 How does personal interest affect a person's career choice?
 How does self-efficacy affect a person's career choice?
 How does outcome expectation affect a person's career choice?
 How does remuneration affect a person's career choice?
 How does job accessibility affect a person's career choice?
 How does family affect a person's career choice?
1.5. Research Methodology.

After referencing previous academic papers and similar research, this thesis will be built on
quantitative research and statistical method. Specifically, to collect data, the author will use
questionnaires to collect demographic data and questions related to factors affecting the career
choice of final year students. The number of respondents is about 300 to 400 people. Then, to
analyze the collected data, the author chose to use SPSS software. The variables will be processed
and analyzed statistically, thereby drawing relationships between them for inference.

NGO HAI TRANG 6

1.6. Research Scope.

In order to find out and analyze the factors affecting the career choice of final year students in Ho
Chi Minh City, the author will analyze 6 factors including personal preference, self-efficacy,
outcome expectation, remuneration, job accessibility, and family. The author will use questions
related to the influence of these factors on career choice through a direct survey using Google Form.
To complete this study, the author conducted a survey for a period of 3 months. The subjects of this
survey are students, specifically final year students living and studying in Ho Chi Minh City.

1.7. Research Limitation.

The limiting factor in research work was the time it took to complete the study, which was only
about 6 months. On the other hand, although research requires respondents to answer honestly, there
is no way to confirm that. Furthermore, subject and space are also the limiting factors of this study.
Ho Chi Minh City is one of the most economically developed cities in Vietnam, therefore, every year
many students choose Ho Chi Minh City as a destination to develop and seize opportunities.
Moreover, final-year students are facing a transition period, so the demand for finding suitable jobs
is higher than that of freshmen or sophomores and third years. For the above reasons, the author
decided to choose Ho Chi Minh City and final year students to conduct the survey.

1.8. Thesis Outline.

This study will consist of 6 main chapters, in addition to references and data. Each chapter will
present all aspects to evaluate and analyze the factors affecting the career choice of final year
students in the clearest way.

Chapter 1: Introduction.

This chapter will focus on the overall presentation of the thesis. In addition, it will also give context,
objectives, and research questions. The methodology, scope, and limitations of the research are also
discussed in this chapter.

Chapter 2: Literature Review.

The objective of this chapter is to give a clear direction for the entire research paper. Therefore, this
chapter will provide definitions, models as well as hypotheses about keywords related to this
research.
NGO HAI TRANG 7
Chapter 3: Methodology.

This chapter covers methods and techniques used to collect data. From this, it is possible to
determine whether the assumptions made in chapter 2 are true or false.

Chapter 4: Results/Findings.

The data from chapter three will be analyzed and commented on in this chapter through the use of
SPSS. So this chapter focuses on the main findings and key points.

Chapter 5: Discussion.

From the results obtained, the research objectives presented in chapter 1 will be re-evaluated by
considering the hypotheses, thereby giving the discussion to get the most overview of this research.

Chapter 6: Conclusion.

The final chapter of this research will draw conclusions about the factors influencing the career
choice of final-year students in Ho CHi Minh City. Moreover, limitations and recommendations for
the research topic will also be given.

1.9. Conclusion.

In conclusion, this chapter provides an overview of the topic as well as a brief of this research.
Furthermore, the author has also pointed out the limitations as well as the methodology, scope, goals
and object of the research.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.

2.1. Introduction.

In chapter two, the author will refer to the background theories related to the factors affecting the
career choice of students in Ho Chi Minh City. In this chapter, the author will also search for
previous research articles with similar research topics so that he can get an overview for the research.

2.2. Definition.
2.2.1. Intrisic Factors.

According to Carpenter & Foster (1977), all factors affecting career are derived from three main
factors including intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors and interpersonal factors. Intrinsic factor is

NGO HAI TRANG 8

defined as a set of interests related to a profession and its role in society. These factors originate
within individuals and are motivated by interest, curiosity and enjoyment (Ryan & Deci, 2000).
Holland (1985) suggested that the intrinsic factors that most influence career choice are personal
preference, self-efficacy, and outcome expectation. According to Owie (2003), hobbies are an
important factor in an individual's career choice. However, achievements or academic requirements
can also positively or negatively affect preferences. A study from Choi & Kim (2013), observed that
interest can sustain an individual to excel and be satisfied in a chosen job. According to another
study by Gokuladas (2006), students from urban centers tend to weigh their personal interests before
social benefits when choosing a career. Furthermore, Amani (2013) argues that students' interests are
an important determinant of career choice because this will help students achieve job satisfaction.
Most students choose a career that they love as well as professions in which they believe they can
study and work depending on their self-concept and perceived performance. Expected outcomes and
self-efficacy motivate students to choose a particular profession. Cheung & Arnold (2014) suggested
that the benefits derived from a certain job can trigger an individual to choose a certain profession as
well as what that job can bring in the future.

2.2.2. Extrinsic Factors.

External factors are often related to an individual's desire for recognition and job security. According
to Edwards & Quinter (2011), teenagers tend to choose a career based on what the job can bring,
such as access to a job, job security, job remuneration or job satisfaction. Wust & Leko (2017),
stated that financial compensation is the most influential external factor on students' career choice.
Indeed, remuneration is very important, especially for students who are responsible for their own
finances. Therefore factors such as starting salary, long-term growth or social status can influence a
student's career choice. Job accessibility also influences career choice. Students or young people
have chosen jobs they have access to rather than careers they enjoy or read books, especially in this
period of unemployment (Ngozika, et al., 2020).

2.2.3. Interpersonal Factors.

Interpersonal factors talk about socializing agents in the lives of individuals such as family, teachers,
peers. One of the relationships that most influence students' career choices is family (Agorwala,
2008). One of the reasons why family strongly influences a student's choice of career is because the

NGO HAI TRANG 9

family is the place where a child's personality is laid. According to James (2000), parents' upbringing
will shape the child's personality and values. Parents are the forerunners who have more practical
experience, understanding of the world, profession in society than children. Therefore, children have
great influence and trust from their parents in choosing a career for themselves. Moreover, in the
current Vietnamese social conditions, the problem of employment after graduation depends a lot on
the relationships and financial capacity of the family. That further confirms the important role of
family in student's career choice. However, the interference and influence from parents too much on
students' career choices will have two-sided effects. In a positive side, for cases where parents clearly
understand their child's abilities and interests, have a good understanding of professions in society,
should guide their children to choose suitable occupations. The negative side is that there is a large
part of parents who force their children to choose their own career. With the thought that parents
have to be responsible for their children from choosing a career to finding a job, they hardly take into
account their interests and abilities. This has led to the students' wrong career choice, forming in
them passivity and dependence on their parents. This is also one of the basic reasons leading to the
phenomenon of not being successful in the profession, bored with the job, leaving the position later
(Özlen & Arnault, 2013).

2.3. Empirical studies.

Article 1: Factors Affecting Career Choice Among Undergraduate Students in Universitas

Indonesia (Meddour, et al., 2016).

The research topic of this paper is about the factors affecting the career choice of Indonesian
university students. The factors mentioned by the author include personal interest, self-efficacy,
economic considerations and family. This study had 298 students answer the questionnaire. After
collecting data, the author used SPSS software to analyze the collected data through reliability
analysis, correlation test and regression. From the results of the Pearson correlation test, all four
factors mentioned above have a positive relationship with students' career choice. Moreover, the
regression analysis also shows that the factors of personal preferences, self-efficacy, economic
considerations and family have a great influence on the choice of career of students at Indonesian
university. The limitations of this study are the small number of participants and the use of only
quantitative method.

NGO HAI TRANG 10

Article 2: Factors influencing career choice of management students in India (Agarwala, 2008).

This paper focuses on exploring the factors influencing the career choice of management students in
India. The factors that this study focuses on are the relationships of individuals in the family and the
workplace, in addition, the author also identifies the cultural values of individualism - collectivism
have influence on the career choice of students. Survey participants are management students who
have just started their first year on MBA program. The total number of people participating in the
survey is 93. After analyzing the collected data, the author concludes that "Skills, competencies, and
abilities" is the strongest influencing factor and "father" is the most important individual. The
limitation of this study is that it only focuses on management students and the number of respondents
is also low.

Article 3: A Systematic Review of Factors That Influence Youths Career Choices—the Role of
Culture (Akosah-Twumasi, et al., 2018).

This paper focuses on evaluating the previous literature on factors influencing career choices of
global students in collectivist and individualist cultural environments. A total of 30 articles published
between January 1997 and May 2018 were included in the review. The results are summarized by the
author that in collectivism, the individual is more affected by expectations from the family, so the
higher the trust from the family, the more confident that individual is on their career choice and the
self-efficacy of individuals is also more developed. As for the individualist environment, students
often have more freedom in choosing a career, therefore individuals tend to choose according to
personal interest. The limitation of this paper is that the conclusions drawn are limited to the data
extracted from the identified studies.

Article 4: Factors Influencing Career Choice Among Final Semester Undergraduate Students of
a Business Management Faculty in A Malaysian Public University (Omar, et al., 2021).

This research paper focuses on factors influencing career choice of final semester students at
Malaysian Public University's Faculty of Business & Management. The factors cited by the author
include personality, influential individuals such as parents or guardians, peer groups, environment,
opportunity, and economic considerations. The questionnaire was emailed to 436 students by the
author, and 205 responded. To analyze the collected data, the author uses multiple regression
analysis test. The results showed that there were 5 significant outcomes for students: personality,

NGO HAI TRANG 11

parents or guardians, peer group, career counseling and environment, in addition, economic
considerations were influential but not significant. In which, peer groups have a negative relationship
with students' career choice. The limitation of this study is that the variables provided by the author
explain only 31.1 percent of the significance of the dependent variable, the remaining 68.9 percent
are due to other external factors and errors.

Article 5: Factors Affecting the Career Path Choice of Graduates: A Case of Omani (Al-Abri &
Kooli, 2018).

This study measures the factors affecting the career choice of graduates in Oman. The five factors
given by the author include financial benefits, culture consideration, job security, job opportunity,
and personal interest. The author used quantitative analysis and survey to obtain 80 samples. After
collecting data, the author uses Pearsn correlation test and regression to analyze the relationship
between independent variables and dependent variables. The results show that financial interests and
personal preferences have a great influence on the career choice of Omani students. On the other
hand, the two factors job security and job opportunity have only a weak association and no statistical
significance on Omani students's career choice.

2.4. Hypothesis.

Hypothesis 1 ( H1): Personal interest (PI) has influence on career choice.

Hypothesis 2 (H2): Self Efficacy (SE) has influence on career choice.
Hypothesis 3 (H3): Outcome Expectation (OE) has influence on career choice.
Hypothesis 4 (H4): Remuneration (R) has influence on career choice.
Hypothesis 5 (H5): Job Accessibility (JA) has influence on career choice.
Hypothesis 6 (H6): Family (F) has influence on career choice.

2.5. Conceptual framework.

NGO HAI TRANG 12

 F IGURE 1: C ONCEPTUAL F RAMEWORK .
S OURCE : A UTHOR (2022).

2.6. Conclusion.

Overall, in this chapter, the author mentioned the researchers' hypotheses about independent
variables and dependent variables. The author has also listed research papers with similar topics to
his research papers.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.

3.1. Introduction.

The author will determine the research method that the author chooses to use to conduct his research.
In addition, in this chapter, the author will also mention the methods that the author uses to collect
data and analyze the data after it is collected.

3.2. Research Design.

A research design is a plan that provides an overall framework for data collection (Leedy & Ormrod,
2010). Research design is also the process of selecting subjects, locations, and data collection to
answer research questions. According to MacMillan & Schumacher (2001), the goal of a study
design is to provide reliable results. On the other hand, according to Durrheim (2004), research

NGO HAI TRANG 13

design includes actions that act as a bridge between the research question and the implementation of
the research strategy. Bryman (2016), stated that there are five kinds of common research designs
included comparison, longitudinal vertical, experimental, case study, and cross-sectional. In this
research, the author chooses the cross-sectional to clarify the factors affecting the career choice of
final year students. The main reason is that cross-sectional research can collect and analyze data from
many different individuals at the same time, and especially, in the cross-sectional study, the author
can observe variables and not influence them. (Thomas, 2020)

3.3. Research Approach.

Two common approaches that are often used widely in different research topics are the deductive
approach and the inductive approach. According to Gill and Johnson (2002), the deductive method
focuses on developing hypotheses on the basis of existing theories, from which to design a research
and experimental strategy on the relationship of hypotheses. On the other hand, the inductive
approach often applies research questions to limit the field of study (Gabriel, 2013). Creswell and
Clark (2007) state that the deductive researcher “works from the top-down, from a theory to
hypotheses to data to complement or contradict the theory”. In contrast, they define an inductive
researcher as someone who works "from the bottom up, using the participants' perspectives to build
on broader topics and create a theory that links the topics." According to Trochim (2006), there are 4
steps in the deductive method including theory, hypothesis, observation, and confirmation.

F IGURE : D EDUCTIVE M ETHOD PROCESS .

S OURCE : T ROCHIM (2006).

NGO HAI TRANG 14

In this study, the author will use a deductive approach to dig into the analysis of factors affecting the
career choice of final-year students. Because this study relies on several theories from previous
authors to translate those ideas into surveys, thereby testing those hypotheses, and drawing
conclusions and recommendations for the future.

3.4. Research Methodology & Research Strategy.

An appropriate research strategy needs to demonstrate the research approach, data collection and
analysis methods, and guidelines for the research will also be clearly stated. According to Sileyew
(2018), the research design should provide an appropriate framework for that research. Quantitative
research and qualitative research are two common types of research. In this study, the author uses the
quantitative research method. Specifically, quantitative research methods use statistical methods to
measure, reflect and explain the relationship between independent and dependent variables
(Soiferman, 2010). Methods of data collection can be weighted, and measured using structured
questionnaires, interviews, or observations using other tools. In quantitative research, descriptive and
inferential statistics are used to analyze the relationship between variables (Van der Merwe, 1996).
The quantitative method is also widely used in global research articles because of its reliability, as
well as the development of statistical software such as SPSS or STATA. According to Trochim
(2006), in research that uses quantitative analysis, conclusions are drawn from logic, evidence, and
arguments.

Specifically, in this research paper, the author will use Google Form to create a questionnaire related
to demographics, independent variables, and dependent variables and send it to research subjects
through social networks including Gmail, Zalo, and Facebook. The Likert scale is also used in the
questionnaire to make the survey results clearer and more intuitive. Then, to analyze the collected
data by the exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis, SPSS software
will be used (Bernard, 2017).

3.5. Data Collection Methods.

Data collection plays an important role in the research process, proper data collection is essential to
draw valid conclusions from the research (Rabianski, 2003). Usually, there are two types of data
collected, including primary data and secondary data. In which, primary data is collected directly
from the data source and has not been explained or published before such as through surveys,

NGO HAI TRANG 15

interviews, and so on. In addition, secondary data were collected from published sources (Kabir,
2016). This study mainly uses primary data from an online survey. In addition, primary data will also
be reviewed and used through scientific articles and previous research.

3.5.1. Sample Size.

The sampling frame includes the object to be sampled and the method of sampling. This study uses
the cluster sampling method, the location is Ho Chi Minh City and the subject is final year students.
The sample size in this case is calculated according to the following formula of Yamane and Taro
(1967).

In the table above, Z is based on the chosen confidence, the required level of confidence for the
economic study is 95 percent, corresponding to Z=1.96. p represents the success rate, in this study,
the author used p=0.5 so that the product of p(1-p) is the largest. The allowable error e in this study
is 5 percent (0.05). From here, it can be deduced that the sample size is:

n= 1.96^2 x 0.5x(1-0,5)

0.05^2

n= 384,16

For this study, 385 final-year students who study in Ho Chi Minh City will be surveyed using by
belowed questionnaire. After 15 days, the survey received 385 replies. The author has filtered out the
number of qualified respondents to participate in the survey is 305.

3.5.2. Questionaire Design.

Part 1: Personal Information.

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 Under 18
How old are you? 18-25
Over 25
Male
What is your gender?
Female
Yes
Are you living in Ho Chi Minh City?
No
Freshman
Second-year student
Which year are you in?
Third-year student
Final-year student
Yes
Do you have a career plan for yourself? No
Maybe

Part 2: Career Choice.

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 Variables Item No. Measurement items Measurement
PI1 You tend to choose a career based on your interests. 5-point Likert
You would do better in the field that
PI2 5-point Likert
Personal Interest interests you.
People who choose careers that match their personal interests
PI3 5-point Likert
are usually successful.
Your skills, abilities, and work experiences determined your
SE1 5-point Likert
career choice.
Self-Efficacy SE2 Your academic qualification determine your career choice. 5-point Likert

Self-awareness will help you be more

SE3 5-point Likert
successful with your career choices.
You choose this career because you believe it will get you
OE1 5-point Likert
personal job satisfaction.
This job gives you a positive, dynamic and sociable working
OE2 5-point Likert
Outcome Expectation environment.
OE3 This job can satisfy the working conditions you desire. 5-point Likert
You want a job where your co-workers and boss are
OE4 5-point Likert
sociable and supportive.
You believe that this job will bring you many opportunities for
R1 5-point Likert
advancement.
R2 You chose this job because of good long-term salary. 5-point Likert
Remuneration
You believe this career will elevate your status
R3 5-point Likert
and prestige in society.
R4 You choose a job with a suitable starting salary. 5-point Likert
JA1 You choose this career because it is easy to apply. 5-point Likert
Job Accessibility There are many companies in your city, that recruiting for the
JA2 5-point Likert
industry you are interested in.
F1 Who influenced your career choice the most? Multiple Choice
You can easily find a suitable job based on the orientation
F2 5-point Likert
of your family.
Family The occupation of your family members affects your
F3 5-point Likert
thinking about choosing a career.
You are satisfied with the career that your family oriented
F4 5-point Likert
for you.

Please assess the importance of career choices before

CC1 5-point Likert
graduation.
Choosing the appropriate career affects a student's success
Career Choice CC2 5-point Likert
after graduation.
Choosing a career appropriately will affect positively the
CC3 5-point Likert
development of students after graduation.

3.6. Data Analysis.

3.6.1. Descriptive Statistics.
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According to Creswell & Clark (2007), data analysis is a process that includes both the collection
and evaluation of data, in which, that data need to be measurabled and verifiabled. It allows the
researcher to systematically categorize, synthesize, and illustrate observations. All the mechanisms
and techniques that allow a researcher to systematically classify, synthesize, and illustrate
observations are known as descriptive statistics (Marshall & Jonker, 2010). Descriptive statistics is a
type of data analysis that belongs to quantitative research. According to James & Simister (2017),
descriptive statistics are often used to present and describe data in a quantitative form, more
specifically, this analytical procedure helps researchers to illustrate, summarize and establish a
theoretical data set from the collected data set. This data set is the response from a small sample or
the whole population (Bhandari, 2020). In this research, SPSS software will be used to review and
interpret the data through descriptive statistic. Measure of central tendency, measure of variability
and measure of distribution will be used to represent the data. Specifically, a descriptive statistics
table will include sample numbers, mean, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation.

3.6.2. Cronbach's Alpha.

Cronbach's alpha reliability is one of the most widely used reliability metrics in scientific and social
research (Bonett & Wright, 2014). According to Cortina (1993), Cronbach's alpha has been described
as one of the most important and popular statistics in research related to experimental formulation
and use. This measure was developed by Cronbach in 1951 to provide a 0 to 1 measure of
consistency within a test or scale. The aforementioned consistency represents the association
between the items in that test. Therefore, Cronbach's alpha is usually determined before such a data
table is used for research purposes to ensure validity. In addition, the test of Cronbach's alpha
reliability also shows the amount of error in that test (Taber, 2017).

Cronbach’s Alpha Internal Consistency

α ≥ 0.95 Can be accepted but not good
0.95 > α ≥ 0.9 Excellent
0.9 > α ≥ 0.8 Good
0.8 > α ≥ 0.7 Acceptable
0.7 > α ≥ 0.6 Questionable
0.6 > α ≥ 0.5 Poor
0.5 > α Not Appopriate

T ABLE 3: C RONBACH ’ S A LPHA COEFFICIENT LEVEL .

S OURCE : C RONBACH (1951)

NGO HAI TRANG 19

Alpha values are high when the items in the test are correlated. However, the alpha coefficient is also
affected by the length of the test. That is, if the length of the test is short, the alpha value will be
reduced. Therefore, a high alpha does not always mean a high degree of consistency across items.
(Ritter, 2010). In practice, the α needs to be greater than 0.6 to achieve certain confidence for the
research, and the corrected item-total correlation index should be at or above 0.3.

3.6.3. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is one of the multivariate statistical methods to explain the
covariation observed among a group of measured variables in a parsimonious way. According to
Mulaik (1987), EFA is founded on philosophical and statistical principles and is a fundamental tool
in the theoretical evaluation and validation of measurement tools. The EFA tests used in this study
include, the Kaiser Meyer Olkin coefficient (KMO), Bartlett's test of sphericity, percent total
variance extracted, and factor loadings. KMO and Bartlett's test of sphericity, in particular, were used
to assess sample adequacy and decide whether a factor was acceptable. KMO values range from 0.00
- 1.00. According to Child (2006), desired KMO values are usually ≥.70, and KMO values below 0.5
are generally not acceptable. The figure below shows the significance of the KMO values, according
to Kaiser (1974).

KMO values Interpretatio

n
KMO ≥ 0.9 Marvelous
0.9 > KMO ≥ 0.8 Meritorious
0.8 > KMO ≥ 0.7 Average
0.7 > KMO ≥ 0.6 Mediocre
0.6 > KMO ≥ 0.5 Terrible
0.5 > KMO Unacceptable
T ABLE 3: KMO V ALUE .
S OURCE : A UTHOR (2022)

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity is often used to test the objectivity of the feasibility of a correlation
matrix. In Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, the Sig value needs to be lower than 0.05 for the EFA to be
significant and for there to be a relationship between the observed variables. In this research, the
author will test EFA with both independent and dependent variables. (Watkins, 2018)

3.6.4. Correlation Matrix.

NGO HAI TRANG 20

Correlation is a measure of the relationship between two variables. In correlated data, a change in the
magnitude of one variable leads to a change in the magnitude of the other. Therefore, there are two
types of correlation: positive correlation (the value of one variable increases, the value of the other
variable increases), and negative correlation (the value of one variable increases, the value of the
other variable decreases (Schober, et al., 2018). Linear correlation, also known as Pearson correlation
coefficient, is a value that describes the strength of a linear relationship between two variables,
denoted r. Variance is used to measure the degree of change of a single variable, whereas, covariance
describe the change of two variables together. However, covariance depends on the scale of the
variables and its absolute magnitude cannot easy to interpret or compare between researchs.
Therefore, the Pearson correlation coefficient is often used and has a value in the range -1 to 1. Also
in the correlation table, the Sig coefficient of each relationship between two variables need to be less
than 0.05 for the correlation to be significant (Kwak & Kim, 2017).

3.6.5. Regression.

Regression, according to Fox (2008), is a statistical test used to determine the relationship between
independent variables and a dependent variable. In particular, regression analysisvanalyzes the
change in the independent variables to interpret the change in the dependent variable. Regression
analysis is widely used to make predictions and estimates about conditional expectations of
dependent variables with independent variables (Yang, 2017). As a result, the purpose of linear
regression is to provide a function that predicts the dependent variable based on the independent
variable values. For simple linear regression, the function can be expressed as:

Y = 𝛽0+ 𝛽1X + ε

Multivariate linear regression model has the form:

Y = 𝛽0 + 𝛽1𝑋1 + 𝛽2𝑋2 + 𝛽3𝑋3 + .. + 𝛽𝑛𝑋𝑛 + ε

3.7. Ethical Concerns.

Ethical concern is also an important part that the author needs to concern when doing a research. In
recent years, in response to expectations of social responsibility, the level of attention paid to ethical
behavior has increased (Haggerty, 2004) (Haggerty, 2004; Held, 2006; Zegwaard, Campbell, &
Pretti, 2017). In addition to appropriate study selection, Fleming (2018), also offers ethical

NGO HAI TRANG 21

considerations regarding disparate relationships between participants and researchers. It is still most
important to consider the basic principles of ethical research regarding participants. In particular, the
author should pay attention to the consent and voluntariness of the participants. Respondents consent
is required before starting to collect data from them. (Zegwaard, et al., 2017)

3.8. Conclusion.

In general, in this chapter, the author mentioned the method he chose to research, which is the
quantitative method. The author will collect data by surveying through google form and predictive
analysis using SPSS analysis software.

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS/FINDINGS.
4.
4.1. Introduction.

After collects data from the survey, the author will perform data analysis using the SPSS tool. In this
chapter, the author will perform four methods of testing data that are Cronbach's Alpha, EFA,
Pearson correlation and regression to test the impact of independent and dependent variables.

4.2. Descriptive Statistics.

4.2.1. Demographics.

Table 5: Gender Data of Respondents.

Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Valid Male 134 43,93 43,93 43,93
Female 171 56,07 56,07 100,00
Total 305 100,00 100,00

NGO HAI TRANG 22

The pie chart above shows that there is no big difference in the proportion of men and women who
responded to the survey. According to statistics obtained from 305 valid survey panels, female
accounted for a higher proportion with 56.07 percent and 43.93 percent remain is male.

Table 6: Age Data of Respondents.

Age
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Valid 18-25 300 98,36 98,36 98,36
Above 25 5 1,64 1,64 100,00
Total 305 100,00 100,00

NGO HAI TRANG 23

In the demographic questionnaire, the age group was divided into 3 groups including: under 18 years
old, 18-25 years old and over 25 years old. However, the subjects of the survey focused on final-year
students, therefore, respondent who chooses the answer as under 18 years old will be considered as
ineligible. According to statistics from the valid sample, the majority of final year students are
between the ages of 18-25, accounting for 98.36 percent. Remaining, only 5 respondents are over the
age of 25, accounting for 1.94 percent of the total sample.

Table 7: Career Plan Data of Career Plan.

Career Plan
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Valid Yes 171 56,07 56,07 56,07
No 64 20,98 20,98 77,05
Maybe 70 22,95 22,95 100,00
Total 305 100,00 100,00

In order to better understand the career choice status of students at the time of final year, the author
had decided to asked a question about the respondents' career intentions in the survey. Specifically,
171 respondents answered that they already have chosen an appropriate career for them at the time of
answering the survey, accounting for 56.07 percent. 64 respondents said that they do not have a

NGO HAI TRANG 24

suitable career choice for themselves yet, the remaining 70 people are not sure, accounting for 20.98
percent and 22.95 percent of the total respondents.

Table 8: Interpersonal Data of Respondents.

Person who influenced you the most.

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Valid Father 178 58,36 58,36 58,36
Mother 66 21,64 21,64 80,00
Siblings 44 14,43 14,43 94,43
Other Relatives 17 5,57 5,57 100,00
Total 305 100,0 100,0

In the section examining the influence of family on the career choice of final-year students, the
author put a question about who respondents consider to have the most influence on their career
choice. Expectedly, when father and mother accounted for the highest percentage with 58.36 percent
and 21.64 percent, respectively. The rest, siblings account for 14.43 percent, and other relatives such
as grandparents, aunts and uncles account for the lowest percentage with 5.57 percent. It may be
deduced from this that the persons closest to each individual - father and mother - will impact that
individual's profession decision, particularly the father.

NGO HAI TRANG 25

 4.2.2. Descriptive Statistics.

After collecting demographic to evaluate the basic information of the respondents, the author will
continue to use the Likert scale to analyze descriptive statistics with 6 independent variables
including personal preferences, self- effectiveness, outcome expectation, remuneration, job
accessibility, family, and 1 dependent variable - career choice, through 22 questions. In which, the
answer is on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being strongly disagree, 2 agree, 3 being neutral, 4 agree and 5
strongly agree. Based on the results in the tables below, each table will indicate the varying status of
each variable as well as the final year students' thoughts when asked about career choice.

4.3. Cronbach’s Alpha.

4.3.1. Independent Factor.

Personal Interest (PI).

Item-Total Statistics
Cronbach's Scale Mean if Scale Corrected Cronbach's
Alpha Item Deleted Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Correlation Deleted
PI1 ,736 8,17 1,896 ,582 ,625
PI2 8,04 1,955 ,623 ,572
PI3 8,00 2,368 ,483 ,734

The personal interest factor has Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.736 - acceptable. Furthermore, in
the Corrected Item - Total Correlation section, all items are greater than 0.3. This means that all
items contribute to the value of the variable. Therefore, the reliability test of this variable is suitable
for the research.

Self-efficacy (SE).

NGO HAI TRANG 26

The total Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the Self-efficacy factor is 0.664, which is greater than the
conventional value of 0.6. However, if SE3 is deleted, the total Cronbach's Alpha coefficient rises to
0.716. As a result, the author opted to exclude the observed variable SE3 from the study.
Furthermore, the correlation coefficient of the other two observed variables is significantly greater
than 0.3, indicating that the scale is dependable enough to be used in the next analysis.

Outcome Expectation (OE).

Item-Total Statistics
Cronbach's Scale Mean if Scale Corrected Cronbach's
Alpha Item Deleted Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Correlation Deleted
OE1 ,801 12,28 4,387 ,589 ,763
OE2 12,34 4,161 ,619 ,749
OE3 12,22 4,262 ,687 ,716
OE4 12,18 4,543 ,566 ,773

According to the preceding table, the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the Outcome Expectation
component is good, with a value of 0.801. Furthermore, the Corrected item-total Correlation for all
variables is greater than 0.3, and Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted does not exceed 0.801 - the total
value of the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. As a result, the author finds that the scale is entirely
dependable and can be move to the exploratory factor analysis procedure (EFA).

Remuneration (R).

NGO HAI TRANG 27

 Item-Total Statistics
Cronbach's Scale Mean if Scale Corrected Cronbach's
Alpha Item Deleted Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Correlation Deleted
R1 ,776 12,20 4,233 ,572 ,726
R2 12,09 4,097 ,622 ,700
R3 12,02 4,549 ,526 ,749
R4 12,09 3,884 ,603 ,711

The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the Remuneration factor is satisfactory, with a value of 0.776,
which is greater than 0.6. All variables have a corrected item-total correlation ranging from 0.526 to
0.623, which is larger than 0.3. No variable in the Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted item, on the
other hand, exceeds the overall Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Based on the evidence presented
above, the author concludes that the above scale is totally reliable for the research.

Job Accessibility (JA).

Item-Total Statistics
Cronbach's Scale Mean if Scale Corrected Cronbach's
Alpha Item Deleted Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Correlation Deleted
JA1 ,733 3,95 ,958 ,578 .
JA2 3,94 ,944 ,578 .

The Job Accessibility factor has a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.733, which is greater than the
usual value of 0.6. Besides that, the Corrected item-total Correlation of all variables is greater than
0.3. As a result, the scale of Job Accessibility factor is reliable.

Family (F).

NGO HAI TRANG 28

 Item-Total Statistics
Cronbach's Scale Mean if Scale Corrected Cronbach's
Alpha Item Deleted Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Correlation Deleted
F1 ,735 7,99 1,954 ,590 ,611
F2 7,96 2,061 ,606 ,590
F3 7,81 2,508 ,488 ,726

The preceding data from the above table demonstrates that the family factor's total Cronbach's Alpha
coefficient is acceptable (0.735 is greater than 0.6). Furthermore, the coefficients in the two columns
The Corrected item-total Correlation and Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted are all standard,
indicating that the aforementioned scale is credible.

4.3.2. Dependent Factor.

Career Choice (CC).

Item-Total Statistics
Cronbach's Scale Mean if Scale Corrected Cronbach's
Alpha Item Deleted Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Correlation Deleted
CC1 ,777 8,09 2,002 ,625 ,686
CC2 8,03 1,887 ,704 ,594
CC3 8,04 2,318 ,519 ,796

The scale of the dependent variable Career Choice is considered reliable, with a Cronbach's Alpha
coefficient of 0.777, which is greater than 0.6. The value of the adjusted item-total correlation of the
three observed variables in the consumer behavior scale, on the other hand, is all 0.3 under an
illustration of data ranging from 0.519 to 0.704. As a result, the author believes that the scale is
reliable enough to conduct for the following analysis.

4.4. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).

NGO HAI TRANG 29

After analyzing and evaluating the reliability of the data through Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, the
variable SE3 was excluded. The author will continue to evaluate the factor through exploratory
factor analysis (EFA).

4.4.1. Independent factors.

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. ,822
Approx. Chi-Square 2105,219
Bartlett's Test of
df 136
Sphericity
Sig. ,000

NGO HAI TRANG 30

From the above EFA analysis table, it is easy to see that the KMO value of the independent variables
is 0.822. This index greater than 0.5 and less than 1 indicates that this exploratory factor fits the
criterion. Moreover, the Sig value in Bartlett's Test reached 0.00 < 0.05, showing that the observed
variables are correlated with each other in the population. From that, it can be said that the variables
are important to each other and are suitable for factor research conditions. On the other hand, the
extraction sums of squared loading (Cumulative %) is 65,965 percent greater than 50 percent -
qualified. This demonstrates that 65,965 percent of the variation in the data is explained by five
factors. Therefore, EFA analysis is appropriate. Thus, after EFA analysis, 17 observed variables of
independent variables all met EFA analysis criteria (satisfactory), no variables were excluded at this
stage.

NGO HAI TRANG 31

The accompanying rotation matrix illustrates that the independent variables are organized in 5
columns, with 17 observed variables. All load factors are greater than 0.5, and no observed variable
is uploaded more than once. However, due to the similarity of the questions, the observed variables
were mingled together. As a result, the author chose to keep 5 new independent variables and 17
observed variables reflecting the total variables for the following analysis.

4.4.2. Dependent factor.

NGO HAI TRANG 32

 KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. ,656
Approx. Chi-Square 274,550
Bartlett's Test of
df 3
Sphericity
Sig. ,000

Total Variance Explained

Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings
Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative %
1 2,077 69,246 69,246 2,077 69,246 69,246
2 ,598 19,944 89,190
3 ,324 10,810 100,000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Component Matrixa

Component

CC2 ,887

CC1 ,843

CC3 ,762

The dependent variable has three observed variables including CC11 to CC3, in which the KMO
value is 0.656 > 0.5, satisfying the first requirement of EFA analysis. Furthermore, the Sig value in
Bartlett's Test is 0.00<0.05. From there, prove the relationship between the above observed variables.
The value of extraction sums of squared loadings (Cumulative %) is 69,246 percent > 50 percent and
passes the criteria. This means that the upload dependent variable explains 69.246 percent of the
panel meaning. Moreover, in the Component Matrix table, the total factor loads of the three observed

NGO HAI TRANG 33

variables are all greater than 0.5. Based on the above information, the author concludes that the data
of the dependent variable is acceptable and reliable.

4.5. Correlations.

Correlations
F_CC F_PI F_F F_R F_SE F_OE
Pearson Correlation 1 ,596** ,385** ,553** ,120* ,381**
F_CC Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,036 ,000
N 305 305 305 305 305 305
Pearson Correlation ,596** 1 ,430** ,575** ,125* ,471**
F_PI Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,029 ,000
N 305 305 305 305 305 305
Pearson Correlation ,385** ,430** 1 ,521** ,172** ,599**
F_F Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,003 ,000
N 305 305 305 305 305 305
Pearson Correlation ,553** ,575** ,521** 1 ,177** ,545**
F_R Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,002 ,000
N 305 305 305 305 305 305
Pearson Correlation ,120* ,125* ,172** ,177** 1 ,229**
F_SE Sig. (2-tailed) ,036 ,029 ,003 ,002 ,000
N 305 305 305 305 305 305
Pearson Correlation ,381** ,471** ,599** ,545** ,229** 1
F_OE Sig. (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000
N 305 305 305 305 305 305
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

After analyzing and evaluating data through Cronbach's Alpha and EFA, the author will move on to
Pearson correlation analysis. Pearson's correlation test aims to determine the relationships between
the independent variable and the dependent variable and between the independent variables. First of
all, about the correlation between the independent variable and the dependent variable, the Sig values
of these correlations are all less than 0.05, so the conclusion of linear correlation is significant. Based
on Pearson's value, the author determines the degree of correlation between the independent
variables and the dependent variable. Specifically, PI has the strongest linear relationship with the

NGO HAI TRANG 34

dependent variable CC, with a Pearson value of 0.596. Followed by R, F and OE with good
correlation, respectively 0.553, 0.385 and 0.381. Based on the theory of Pearson correlation
mentioned in Chapter 3, the Pearson value less than 0.3 indicates a weak correlation. Therefore, with
the number 0.120, SE and CC have a weak linear correlation but still satisfy Pearson's condition.
Another point worth noting is that the correlation of the independent variables on the dependent
variable is all positive. Regarding the correlation between the independent variables, it is easy to see
that the Sig values of these correlations are all qualified to be less than 0.05. In which, the correlation
between variable OE and variable F is strongest with Pearson value of 0.599. The remaining
correlations all meet the conditions of Pearson correlation with Pearson values ranging from 0.125 to
0.575. In which, the worst linear correlation is between PI and SE.

4.6. Regression.

Model Summaryb
Model R R Adjusted R Std. Error of Change Statistics Durbin-
Square Square the Estimate R Square F df1 df2 Sig. F Watson
Change Change Change
a
1 ,651 ,424 ,414 ,52214 ,424 43,985 5 299 ,000 1,693
a. Predictors: (Constant), F_OE, F_SE, F_PI, F_F, F_R
b. Dependent Variable: F_CC

NGO HAI TRANG 35

 Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig. Collinearity Statistics
Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
(Constant) ,999 ,251 4,974 ,000
F_PI ,406 ,056 ,404 7,298 ,000 ,627 1,594
F_F ,064 ,060 ,062 2,075 ,023 ,581 1,720
1
F_R ,281 ,058 ,290 4,857 ,000 ,542 1,846
F_SE ,009 ,042 ,009 ,205 ,838 ,943 1,061
F_OE -,006 ,061 -,006 -,106 ,916 ,541 1,847
a. Dependent Variable: F_CC

ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Regression 59,958 5 11,992 43,985 ,000b
1 Residual 81,516 299 ,273
Total 141,474 304
a. Dependent Variable: F_CC
b. Predictors: (Constant), F_OE, F_SE, F_PI, F_F, F_R

After testing Cronbach Alpha, EFA and Pearson correlation, to determine the influence of
independent variables PI, SF, OE, R, and F on career choice of final year students. The author will
continue to switch to the linear regression test. From the ANOVA table, the Sig value of 0.00 is less
than 0.05, showing that the regression model is suitable for the study. In addition, the adjusted R
squared value is 0.414. This means that the 5 independent variables explain 41.4 percent of the
significance of the dependent variable. The remaining 58.6 percent are in variables outside the
research model as well as errors that may occur during the analysis. On the other hand, the value of

NGO HAI TRANG 36

Durbin-Watson is 1.693, which is within the allowable range, therefore the autor concluded that
there is no autocorrelation. The results of the coefficients show that the VIF values of the variables
are all less than 2, which means there is no multicollinearity. In addition, the variables PI, R and F
have a Sig number that smaller than 0.05. From the above information, it is easy to see that
meaningful data is consistent with 4 independent variables and helps to clarify the career choice of
final year students. The linear regression equation is: CC= 0,404PI + 0,062F + 0,290R + ε.

4.7. Conclusion.

After performing the tests on SPSS, the reliability of the dependent and independent variables have
certain reliability and are consistent with the study. However, after performing the next test tables,
there are three independent variables that are eliminated, that is, self-efficacy, outcome expectation
and job accessibility.

CHAPTER 5 : DISCUSSION.

5.
5.1. Introduction.

In this chapter, the author will conclude that the data results after performing the tests on SPSS are
consistent or not with the hypotheses that the author has made.

5.2. Restatement.

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 Hypothesis 1 ( H1): Personal interest (PI) has influence on career choice. ACCEPTED

Hypothesis 2 (H2): Self Efficacy (SE) has influence on career choice. REJECTED

Hypothesis 3 (H3): Outcome Expectation (OE) has influence on career REJECTED

choice.

Hypothesis 4 (H4): Remuneration (R) has influence on career choice. ACCEPTED

Hypothesis 5 (H5): Job Accessibility (JA) has influence on career choice. REJECTED

Hypothesis 6 (H6): Family (F) has influence on career choice. ACCEPTED

SOURCE : A UTHOR (2022)

As mentioned in chapter 2, there are 6 hypotheses put forward in this research model. After
analyzing the data, 3 out of 6 hypotheses were accepted.

With hypothesis H1: Personal Interest is related to student's career choice. The regression coefficient
has a value of 0.404 and the Sig coefficient is 0.000, indicating that this hypothesis is accepted.
Specifically, the value of the PI variable is 0.494, which means that personal preferences have the
strongest and positive influence on students' career choice. This is also demonstrated in the studies of
Tekke et al. (2015) and Bubic (2014) with worldwide survey respondents. This means that
Vietnamese students are also strongly influenced by personal preferences when choosing a career.

With the hypothesis H4: Remuneration has an influence on the career choice of final year students in
HCMC. With a coefficient of 0.29 after regression testing and a Sig value of 0.00. The author
concludes that Remuneration has a positive influence on students' choice decisions.

Hypothesis H6: Family has an influence on the career choice of final year students. From the Beta
coefficient in the regression table reaching the value of 0.062 and the Sig coefficient less than 0.05,
the author concludes that the family factor, especially the father has a relative influence on the
student's career choice decision.

NGO HAI TRANG 38

For the rejected hypotheses include H2, H3 and H5. Hypothesis H5, was rejected in the EFA test
because it did not meet the requirements. Hypothesis H2 and H3 although have a high correlation
value, but in the regression table, the Sig coefficient is greater than 0.05. Therefore, these 3
hypotheses were rejected by the author.

5.3. Conclusion.

Overall, after analyzing and discussing, the author realized that the most influential factor on
students' career choices after graduation is their own preferences, followed by the factor
remunaration and family.

CHAPTER 6 : CONCLUSION.

6.1. Limitation.
6.2. Recommendation.
6.3. Conclusion.
Theoretically, this study has provided evidence on the relationship between personal preference, self-
efficacy, outcome expectation, remuneration, job accessibility and family on career choice of final
year students. Significantly, research reinforces the view that people make career decisions based on
personal preferences, remuneration, and family. In particular, the study also reinforces the view of
the strong influence of fathers on students' career choice. In addition, the present study offers a
reliable research tool that will be used for future research in the field of management. In addition, a
model for factors affecting career choice of university students in HCMC has been developed, which
can contribute to future research in this field. In fact, this study provides stakeholders with the factors
influencing college students' career choices in Ho Chi Minh City.

Therefore, further research can increase the number of respondents to achieve robust results and can
also qualitatively complement the research approach to the work to obtain a full representation of the
perception. of the participants. In addition, future research should focus on exploring the factors that
influence the career choices of students enrolled in a particular discipline, such as engineering or
medical courses, to obtain a get more accurate results. Such studies should also explore factors such
as family structure, cultural factor, and socioeconomic background of students. This study has shown
that an understanding of the factors that influence students' career choices and how this influence is
exercised will help the author investigate a number of other important factors that ultimately have

NGO HAI TRANG 39

can help students make better career choices in the future. Besides, the contribution of this study to
the analysis of factors affecting career choice has also been explained. Finally, limitations of the
study, expected future work, and recommendations were discussed.

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APPENDIX: Survey questions.

Part 1: Personal Information.

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Part 2: Factors affecting career choice of final-year students.

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