Section-I 

  (25 Marks)
Left realism and right realism (2020
Phrenology and physiognomy (2020
Sociology of law, criminal etiology and penology (2020
Focus of typology (2021
II. Understanding Criminology

Definition, meaning and scope of criminology, Criminology and criminal law (2016; social
problems: Crime, Deviance, Sin, Vice (2022, Evil, Norms, Values; Security (Physical, Social,
Economic)

Nature vs Nurture debate on criminology (2020

Nature, scope and importance of criminology (2016, 2017, 2018

III.  Crime and Criminals

Occasional criminals, Habitual criminals, Professional criminals, White-collar crime (2016,

Organized crime, corporate crimes.

Term crime and criminals (2016

IV. Crime and Criminality: Theoretical Perspectives (2017

An early explanation of criminal behavior (2021

 Biological Theories (2021; Psychological Theories, Sociological Theories (social

bonding theory, differential association theory) (2019
 Social Disorganization theory
 Strain theory
 Social Control theory
 Learning theory
 Labeling Theory
 Islamic perspective on deviance, crime and punishment (2018
 Theory of anomie (2022
Section-II   (25 Marks)
Recidivism limits institution of prison + definition (2019, 2020

V. Juvenile Delinquency + nature, extent and causes in Pakistan + remedies + risk +

protective factors + history (2018, 2020, 2022

Meaning, definitions (Behavioral Vs Legal), Juvenile delinquent Vs status offender, Official

statistics of juvenile delinquency

VI. Juvenile Justice System + functions + responsibilities + suggestions + causes (2017,

2019, 2022

 Role of police + development history of police organization (2018, 2022

 Juvenile court process:
 pretrial, trial and sentencing
 Role of prosecutor, defense counsel, juvenile judge, juvenile probation
officer
 Juvenile correctional institutions, probation (2021 and non-punitive alternatives
VII. The Criminal Justice System:

 Police and its role

 Trial and Conviction of Offenders
 Agencies: formal and informal
 Role of crime control agencies (2016
 Criminal courts: procedures and problems (2021
 Role of prosecutors
 Prisons, Probation (definition and its conditions)(2016, 2017 and Parole (2017
VIII. Punitive and Reformative Treatment of Criminals

Corporal punishment and capital punishment (2020, Imprisonment, Rehabilitation of criminals.

Section-III   (25 Marks)
IX. Criminal Investigation + definition (2018, 2020

Principles of criminal investigation (2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, Manual of preliminary

investigation, Intelligence operations, Data base investigation, Electronic investigation, Forensic
Investigation (forensic science) 2019, 2022
X. Techniques of Investigations (define and differentiate between interviewing and
interrogation techniques) 2019

Gathering information from persons, Interviewing and interrogation techniques (2016, 2021,
Criminal investigation analysis,

XI. Legal and Ethical Guidelines for Investigators (2017, 2022

Stop and frisk operations, Arrest procedures, Search and seizure.

XII. International Policing Criminal Justice Monitoring Organizations

UNAFEI, INTERPOL (2018, 2020, 2021, EUROPOL (2021, UNODC, UNICEF, IPA, etc.

Section-IV   (25 Marks)
XIII. Modern Concepts in Contemporary Criminology

 Terrorism (2020, Radicalism and War on Terror

 Media’s representation of Crime and the Criminal Justice System
 Modern Law Enforcement and Crime Prevention (2019
 Intelligence-led Policing (2018, 2021
 Community Policing (2022), Institutional corrections and alternative
community corrections (2020)

 Private Public Partnership

 Gender and Crime in Urban and Rural Pakistan (2017
 Crime and Urbanization, Organized Crime and White-Collar Crime (2016
 Human Rights Abuses and Protection, especially Children, Women and Minorities
and the role of civil society and NGOs
 Money-laundering + cryptocurrency (2016, 2017, 2018, 2021
 Cyber Crime (2016, 2019
Role of NAB, FIA, ANF Law enforcement agencies (2017, 2022