EXPLANATION

Find the meanings of these words!

1. Touch 16. Throat
2. Face 17. Lungs
3. Average 18. Inhale
4. Involves 19. Droplet
5. Eyes 20. Release
6. Nose 21. Infect
7. Mouth 22. Coughs
8. Pick up 23. Sneezes
9. Turn 24. Make sense
10. doorknob 25. Recommend
11. Surface 26. Avoid
12. Pathogens 27. Land
13. Get into 28. Explain
14. Act 29. Expert
15. Pathways 30. Break

Do you know that touching eyes is one way for covid 19 to get into our body. Let’s
get the explanation. According to a 2015 study in the American Journal of Infection
Control, people touch their faces more than 20 times an hour on average. About 44
percent of the time, it involves contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth
From picking up objects to turning doorknobs, we’re constantly touching surfaces
contaminated with pathogens. These pathogens can be picked up by our hands and get
into the body through mucous membranes on the face — eyes, nose, and mouth —
that act as pathways to the throat and lungs
The coronavirus that causes Covid-19 is believed to be spread mostly by inhaling
droplets released when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. But these droplets
can also land on surfaces that we touch with our hands.
All of which explains why it makes sense for health officials to recommend that
people try to avoid touching their faces. But as anyone who has consciously tried to do
so knows, it’s hard.

Experts say one way to break the cycle is to simply make it more difficult to touch
your face.

1. What does the text tell us about?

2. Why do health officials recommend that people avoid touching their

faces?

3. What is the simple way to break the covid 19 cycle?

4. How do the virus transmit to our body?

5. How do droplets on the surface get into our body?

Have you ever wondered why the ocean is salty? Have you wondered why
lakes might not be salty? Here's a look at what makes the ocean salty and why
other bodies of water have a different chemical composition.
It's really easy to understand why the ocean is salty. The oceans have been
around a very long time, so some of the salts were added to the water at a time
when gases and lava were spewing from increased volcanic activity. The carbon
dioxide dissolved in water from the atmosphere forms weak carbonic acid which
dissolves minerals. When these minerals dissolve, they form ions, which make the
water salty. While water evaporates from the ocean, the salt gets left behind. Also,
rivers drain into the oceans, bringing in additional ions from rock that was eroded by
rainwater and streams.
So, lakes get water from streams and rivers. Lakes are in contact with the
ground. Why aren't they salty? Well, some are! Think of the Great Salt Lake
and the Dead Sea. Other lakes, such as the Great Lakes, are filled with
water that contains many minerals, yet doesn't taste salty. Why is this? Partly
it is because water tastes salty if it contains sodium ions and chloride ions. If
the minerals associated with a lake don't contain much sodium, the water
won't be very salty. Another reason lakes tend not to be salty is because
water often leaves lakes to continue its trip toward the sea. According to an
article at Science Daily, a drop of water and its associated ions will remain in
one of the Great Lakes for around 200 years. On the other hand, a water
droplet and its salts may remain in the ocean for 100-200 million years.

6. What is the text about?

7. What is the purpose of writing the text above?
8. Ions are formed when …
9. What can we find out in the last paragraph?
10. Why does the water in the lake tend not to be salty?

Everybody yawns - from unborn babies to the oldest great-grandparent. Animals

do it, too. But why, exactly, do people and animals yawn? No one knows for sure. But
there are many theories (ideas) about why people yawn.
One is that when we are bored or tired, we just don't breathe as deeply as we
usually do. As this theory goes, our bodies take in less oxygen because our breathing
has slowed. Therefore, yawning helps us bring more oxygen into the blood and move
more carbon dioxide out of the blood. Yawning, then, would be an involuntary reflex to
help us control our oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
Other people believe that yawning is a protective reflex to redistribute the oil-like
substance called surfactant (say: sur-fak-tint) that helps keep lungs lubricated inside
and keeps them from collapsing. So, if we didn't yawn, according to this theory, taking a
deep breath would become harder and harder - and that would not be good!
But there is one idea about yawning that everyone knows to be true. If you yawn
in class, you'll probably notice a few other people will start yawning, too. Even thinking
about yawning can get you yawning. How many times have you yawned while reading
this article? We hope not many!

11. What does the text explain?

12. What do we need to lubricate our lungs and to keep them from collapsing?
13. What happens when we are yawning we?
14. How does yawning protect the lungs?
15. From the last paragraph we get an idea that yawning …