DEFINITION

 AN URBAN CENTRE THAT ENJOYS SIGNIFICANT COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES AND THAT

SERVES AS A HUB WITHIN A GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC SYSTEM. THE TERM HAS ITS
ORIGINS IN RESEARCH ON CITIES CARRIED OUT DURING THE 1980S, WHICH EXAMINED
THE COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WORLD’S MOST IMPORTANT CITIES.
HOWEVER, WITH INCREASED ATTENTION BEING PAID TO PROCESSES OF
GLOBALIZATION DURING SUBSEQUENT YEARS, THESE WORLD CITIES CAME TO BE
KNOWN AS GLOBAL CITIES.

Reference:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/global-city

 EXAMPLES OF GLOBAL CITY (IMAGE LINKS)

1. NEW YORK:
https://blog-www.pods.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/MG_1_1_New_York_City-1.jpg
2. TOKYO:
https://media.audleytravel.com/-/media/images/home/north-asia-and-russia/japan/activities/tokyo-
gettyimages-1131743616-1000x3000.jpg?q=79&w=1920&h=640
3. SOUTH KOREA:
https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/SEDbCCs6BRa3Qn0BTPLyKWS074Y=/3865x2576/filters:fill(auto,1)/old-fortress-gate-with-
light-trails-at-downtown-455242307-58dea6143df78c5162e1ff3d.jpg

 TOP 10 GLOBAL CITIES INDEX 2021

IMAGE LINK: https://www.kearney.com/documents/291362523/291371217/FG-2021-

Global-Cities-divergent-prospects-and-new-imperatives-in-the-global-recovery-01.png/
9a2a8a58-d722-382e-4c56-d0bab6482ffa?t=1635356842000

SIMILARITIES OF GLOBAL CITIES

 A WORLD CITY IS SE
 EN IN TERMS OF POWERFUL POLITICS, DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE, CULTURE AND
EDUCATION WHILE A GLOBAL CITY IS CONSIDERED TO BE A CENTER WHICH INCLUDES
NOT ONLY TRADE, INFLUENTIAL POLITICAL ACTIVITY, EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL
ATTRIBUTES BUT ALSO LOCATED IN THERE HEADQUARTERS OF TNCS AND
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, PREVAILING FINANCIAL AND SERVICE SECTORS,
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATIONS, SPORTS MEGA-EVENTS HOSTING.
 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN WORLD AND GLOBAL CITIES CONSISTS IN THE FACT THAT THEY
BOTH OPERATE IN A GLOBALIZED ENVIRONMENT AND ARE USED BY THE GLOBAL
CAPITAL FOR ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION AND MARKETS.

THE ROLES OF CITIES TO THE GLOBALIZATION

1. ECONOMIC ATTRIBUTE
 NO CITY IS A GLOBAL CITY UNLESS IT IS AN ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE, DOMINANT IN
FINANCE, TRADE, MANUFACTURING, OR BUSINESS SERVICES.
EXAMPLES: DEVELOPED CITIES
A. NEW YORK
 The sheer size of the New York economy puts is on the list of most advanced cities in
the world, the home of wall street, the world’s largest stock exchange and accumulates
an estimated wealth of $23.1 trillion as of April 2018.
IMAGE LINK: https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_auto,q_glossy,ret_img,w_1024/https://www.hurstwoodholdings.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/08/New-York.jpg
B. LONDON
East London houses the world’s third-largest technology cluster and the city of London was
named by the world economic forum the most powerful city in the world, based on the metrics
of its economy, investment in R&D, cultural interaction, liveability, environment and accessibility,
London was scored with 1692.3 out of a possible 2,600 points.
IMAGE LINK: https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_auto,q_glossy,ret_img,w_1024/https://www.hurstwoodholdings.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/08/London.jpg

2. POPULATION SIZE
 ALL GLOBAL CITIES ARE BIG CITIES THREE MILLION PEOPLE OR MORE. IT TAKES SIZE TO
OFFER ALL THE ATTRIBUTES NEEDED TO BE A GLOBAL CITY.

GLOBAL CITY POPULATION 2022

Tokyo (Population: 37,435,191)
Delhi (Population: 29,399,141)
Shanghai (Population: 26,317,104)
Sao Paulo (Population: 21,846,507)
Mexico City (Population: 21,671,908)

POPULATED CITY IN THE PHILIPPINES 2022

CITY 2022 Population

Quezon City 2,761,720

Manila 1,600,000

Caloocan City 1,500,000

Davao 1,212,504

3. HUMAN CAPITAL
 THIS MEAN HAVING A STOREHOUSE OF SMART, EDUCATED, CREATIVE PEOPLE. THE
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION WITH A COLLEGE DEGREE COUNTS. SO DOES THE
NUMBER OF UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR QUALITY.

Reference link: https://www.slideshare.net/PiterBiswas/global-city-index-66001951

4. CULTURE
 A STRONG ECONOMY PAYS FOR THE MUSEUMS, UNIVERSITIES, SYMPHONIES, AND
THEATERS THAT MAKE A CITY MORE THAN A LABOR POOL. THIS IS ALSO A DRAW FOR
GLOBAL CITIZENS WHO HAVE A PALETTE OF PLACES TO LIVE, WORK, AND DO BUSINESS.

Reference link: https://www.slideshare.net/PiterBiswas/global-city-index-66001951

5. TOURIST
 BECAUSE GLOBAL CITIES ARE SO BIG, SO VIBRANT, SO MUCH FUN, THEY ARE MAGNETS FOR
TOURISTS. TOURISTS THEMSELVES ARE A MAJOR EXPORT INDUSTRY: THEY COME FROM
OUTSIDE TO BUY WHAT A CITY HAS TO OFFER.

TOP 5 WORLDS VISITED CITIES

A. Bangkok - 22 millions international visitors
https://files.travelness.com/media/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/bangkok-tourists.webp

B. Paris - International Visitors: 19.10 million international visitors

https://files.travelness.com/media/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/champs-elysees-shopping-in-
paris.6b81b2ed.webp

C. London - 19.09 million international visitors

https://files.travelness.com/media/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/london-tourists.webp

D. Dubai - 15.93 million

https://files.travelness.com/media/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/dubai-burj-khalifa-palm-
trees.webp

E. Singapore -14.67 million

https://files.travelness.com/media/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/singapore-900x600.webp

Reference: https://travelness.com/most-visited-cities-in-the-world

6. CONNECTIVITY
 FOR THE MOST PART, THIS MEANS AIR AND DIGITAL CONNECTIONS TO THE REST OF THE
WORLD. IF GLOBAL CITIES ARE WHERE GLOBAL CITIZENS MEET THEN A MAJOR AIRPORT
WITH A FULL SCHEDULE OF NONSTOP FLIGHTS TO OTHER GLOBAL CITIES IS CRUCIAL.

BUSIEST CITY AIRPORT SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD

A. London - 180,957,374 Total Passengers (Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, Southend)
B. New York- 143,797,000 Total Passengers (JFK, Newark, LaGuardia, Newburgh, Islip, White
Plains)
C. Japan Tokyo - 128,706,040 Total Passengers (Haneda, Narita, Chōfu, Ibaraki)
Reference link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_busiest_city_airport_systems_by_passenger_traffic

7. QUALITY OF LIFE.
 THIS INCLUDES PUBLIC TRANSIT, THE ENVIRONMENT, SAFE STREETS, GOOD HEALTH CARE,
AND EFFICIENT AND HONEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT. A REPUTATION FOR CORRUPTION,
POLLUTION, OR CRIME WILL DAMAGE A CITY’S COMPETITIVE POWER

Rank City Country/region

1 Vienna Austria

2 Zürich Switzerland

3 Vancouver Canada

3 Munich Germany

3 Auckland New Zealand

6 Düsseldorf Germany

7 Frankfurt Germany

8 Copenhagen Denmark

9 Geneva Switzerland

10 Basel Switzerland

Reference link: https://mobilityexchange.mercer.com/insights/quality-of-living-rankings