Name: Acevedo, Charles Vincent

Bales, Janna Mae

Deligero, Angelica
Francisco, Cheacky Nove
Subject and Section: GE102- Readings in Philippine History- CE12-A

a. Do the mapping out.

Claimants Date Place Basis

Lt. Olegario Diaz August 25, 1896 Balintawak Lt. Olegario Diaz (a Spanish guardia
civil officer) reported that the cry
occurred in Balintawak on August
25, 1896. It was mentioned in
Teodoro Kalaw's 1925 book "The
Filipino Revolution" that the event
occurred in Kangkong, Balintawak
during the last week of August 1896.

Teodoro Kalaw Last week of Kangkong, Balintawak The composer of the Katipunan,
Julio Nakpil, second husband of
August 1896 Gregoria de Jesus, deposited his
handwritten notes on the Philippine
Revolution in the National Library
under Teodoro M. Kalaw in 1925.
Here he wrote, “swearing before
God and before history that
everything in these notes is the
truth”: “The revolution started in
Balintawak in the last days of August
1896.”

Santiago Alvarez August 24, 1896 Bahay Toro In 1927, a pre-World War II Tagalog
weekly magazine named
Sampaguita began publishing the
Katipunan memoirs of Gen. Santiago
Virata Alvarez, (nom-de-guerre:
Kidlat ng Apoy) one of the leaders of
the Cavite revolution. The series
 appeared in 36 parts. It told the
story of the Philippine Revolution
starting in March 1896 until late
1897 interspersed with personal
accounts and stories of events
during the revolution taken from
Alvarez's notes. The series was later
published as a book, titled The
Katipunan and the Revolution (QC:
ADMU, 1992) with an English
translation by Paula Carolina Malay.
The story of the First Cry is found in
Chapter 6 of the memoirs. Alvarez
presents an account devoid of any
dramatic description as it is merely a
narration of the events that
happened in Bahay Toro (now part
of Project 8 in Quezon City) on
August 24, 1896.

Pio Valenzuela August 23, 1896 Pugad Lawin “The first Cry of the revolution did
not happen in Balintawak where the
monument is, but in a place called
Pugad Lawin.” In 1940, a research
team of a forerunner of the National
Historical Institute (NHI) which
included Valenzuela, identified the
location as part ofsitio Gulod,
Banlat, Kalookan City. In 1964, NHI
described this location as the house
of Tandang Sora.

Guillermo August 26, 1896 Balintawak According to Masangkay, on August

26, 1896, the Supremo summons all
Masangkay
katipuneros to a meeting to discuss
the early rebellion of revolt against
Spanish colonizers on August 29,
1896.

Gregoria de Jesus August 24, 1896 At the house of Published in La Opinion in 1928 and
1930, was captioned both times as
Tandang Sora at
 Pasong Tamo Road having been taken at the site of the
Cry on August 24, 1896, at the house
of Tandang Sora at Pasong Tamo
Road.
In documentary of Philippine
Gregorio Zaide August 26, 1896 Balintawak History, Volume 8 (Manila: National
Book Store,1990), 307-309August
26, a big meeting was held in
Balintawak, at the house of
Apolonio Samson, then cabeza of
that barrio of Caloocan. Bonifacio
asked the people to destroy their
cedulas as a sign of severance from
the Spaniards

Teodoro Agoncillo August 23, 1896 Pugad Lawin Teodoro Agoncillo based his account
from that Pio Valenzuela that
emphasized Pugad Lawin as the
place where the “cry” happened.

Milagros Guerrero, August 24, 1896 Tandang Sora’s barn in Manuel Sastron, the Spanish
Historian, institutionalized the
Emmanuel Gulod, Barangay
phrased for the Philippines in his
Encarnacion, and Banlat, Quezon City 1897 book, La Insurrection en
Ramon Villegas Filipinas. All these “cries” were
milestones in the several; colonial-
to-nationalist histories of the world.

Other Claimants 1895 Mt. Pamitinan in They wrote “long live Philippine
Independence” on the cave walls,
Montalban
which some Filipino historians
consider the “first cry” (el primer
grito).

b. Answer: How did the National Historical Commission of the Philippines resolve the controversy?

As mandated, NHI is tasked to resolve, clear, and declare historical controversies. As such, on 14
August 1986, through NHI Board Resolution No. 2, series of 1986, the NHI declared the event as the ‘Cry
of Pugadlawin’ which occurred on the 23rd  of August 1896.  
 And on 2001, a panel was formed to review the case and it resulted in the reaffirmation of the
previous declaration which is the Cry of Pugadlawin.

Dr. Pio Valenzuela, who happened to

be the eyewitness himself of the event.
In his
first version, he told that the prime
staging point of the Cry was in
Balintawak on Wednesday of
August 26, 1896. He held this
account when the happenings or
events are still vivid in his
memory. On the other hand, later in
his life and with a fading memory, he
wrote his Memoirs of
the Revolution without consulting
the written documents of the
Philippine revolution and
claimed that the “Cry” took place at
Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.
Dr. Pio Valenzuela, who happened to
be the eyewitness himself of the event.
In his
first version, he told that the prime
staging point of the Cry was in
Balintawak on Wednesday of
August 26, 1896. He held this
account when the happenings or
events are still vivid in his
memory. On the other hand, later in
his life and with a fading memory, he
wrote his Memoirs of
the Revolution without consulting
the written documents of the
Philippine revolution and
claimed that the “Cry” took place at
Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.