7

Society and you

7.2| Red Tape
SPEAKING & VOCABULARY
 Have you ever been in a long
queue? What was it for? How
long where you there? Where
do we usually make queues?
 Look at the images. Where do you think they are?
1
What is happening? How do they feel? Why?
What does bureaucracy
mean?
 Work in groups. Ask and answer the questions.
3
Add extra information.

1) Have you had to fill out any official

forms recently?
2) Was it a complicated procedure? Did
you have to provide any extra
documents? If so, which ones?
3) Do you often have to deal with
paperwork? Why? Why not?
4) What problems do people usually
face when dealing with
bureaucracy?
LISTENING
Do you disagree with any of Sanjay’s
tips? Which ones? Why? Are there
any suggestions you would add?
GRAMMAR
Past Modals of Speculation
There are different past modals we can use. However, each one has a different
connotation. Use must have when there is a big probability that it happened.

I live with my brother, my

must
mom and my dad. My Subject + + P. P. + complement
have
brother loves cake, but my
father hates it. Yesterday, Your brother must have eaten it.
I bought some cake and
put it in the refrigerator.
At night, I opened the
refrigerator and my cake
had disappeared. Who ate
my cake?
Past Modals of Speculation
There are different past modals we can use. However, each one has a different
connotation. Use may, might or could + have when it possibly happened.

I live with my brother, my

modal
mom and my dad. My Subject + + P. P. + complement
have
brother loves cake, but my
father hates it. Yesterday, Your mom may have eaten it.
I bought some cake and
put it in the refrigerator.
At night, I opened the
refrigerator and my cake
had disappeared. Who ate
my cake?
Past Modals of Speculation
There are different past modals we can use. However, each one has a different
connotation. Use may not or might not + have when it possibly didn’t happen.

I live with my brother, my

Modal not
mom and my dad. My Subject + + P. P. + complement
have
brother loves cake, but my
father hates it. Yesterday, Your mom may not have eaten it.
I bought some cake and
put it in the refrigerator.
At night, I opened the
refrigerator and my cake
had disappeared. Who ate
my cake?
Past Modals of Speculation
There are different past modals we can use. However, each one has a different
connotation. Use can’t or couldn’t have when it is not possible to have happened.

I live with my brother, my

Modal not
mom and my dad. My Subject + + P. P. + complement
have
brother loves cake, but my
father hates it. Yesterday, Your dad can’t have eaten it.
I bought some cake and
put it in the refrigerator.
At night, I opened the
refrigerator and my cake
had disappeared. Who ate
my cake?
 !
Talk for a Based on the statements, create
minute sentences using past modals of
speculation.

1. You see your

boyfriend/girlfriend
talking to your best
friend.
2. You see the police at the
mall.
3. Your classroom is
decorated with roses.
4. Your partner is crying.
 !
Talk for a Look at the picture, What do you think
minute has happened? Use the ideas from the
box and your own ideas.
SPEAKING
 !
Talk for a Think of a time you had a problem or
minute misunderstanding in one of the
situations in the box
 Work in groups. Talk about each problem,
2
using your notes from 1.

Do you agree with your

group’s ideas about your
situation?

For other people’s problems,

do you think they resolved the
situation well? Why? Why not?
Picture References
Slide 1 Buildings: https://images.pexels.com/photos/374023/pexels-photo-374023.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-burst-374023.jpg&fm=jpg

Slide 2 Banks: https://images.pexels.com/photos/351264/pexels-photo-351264.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-expect-best-351264.jpg&fm=jpg

Slide 3 Line: https://images.pexels.com/photos/122477/pexels-photo-122477.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-freestocksorg-122477.jpg&fm=jpg

Slide 5 Embassy: https://images.pexels.com/photos/606789/pexels-photo-606789.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-alec-d-606789.jpg&fm=jpg

Slide 6 Student: https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2020/08/08/19/25/student-5473769_1280.png

Slide 7 Headphones: https://images.pexels.com/photos/374876/pexels-photo-374876.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-burst-374876.jpg&fm=jpg

Slide 8 People talking: https://images.pexels.com/photos/601170/pexels-photo-601170.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-tirachard-kumtanom-601170.jpg

Slide 9 Writing: https://images.pexels.com/photos/210661/pexels-photo-210661.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-picjumbocom-210661.jpg&fm=jpg

Slide 10 – 13 Cake: https://images.pexels.com/photos/132694/pexels-photo-132694.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-alexander-dummer-132694.jpg&fm=jpg

Surprised: https://images.pexels.com/photos/3777931/pexels-photo-3777931.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-andrea-piacquadio-3777931.jpg
Slide 14
Timer: https://webstockreview.net/images/clipart-clock-emoji-6.png
Timer: https://webstockreview.net/images/clipart-clock-emoji-6.png
Slide 15
Talking: https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2019/09/04/11/48/men-4451373_1280.png
Slide 16 Students talking: https://images.pexels.com/photos/1078741/pexels-photo-1078741.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-mentatdgt-1078741.jpg
Timer: https://webstockreview.net/images/clipart-clock-emoji-6.png
Slide 17
Students: https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/04/01/10/17/blackboard-1299841_1280.png
Slide 18 Group: https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2019/08/22/12/06/team-4423339_1280.png