Architecture and Engineering

Drawing
AND ALLIED ENGINEERING
COURSES
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
COURSES
ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING DRAWING

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE OF ARCHITECTURE ,ENGINEERING DRAWING AND TECHNICAL DRAWING?

An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a
technical drawing of a building that falls within the
definition of architecture.
An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing that is used to convey information about
an object. A common use is to specify the geometry necessary for the construction of a
component and is called a detail drawing. Usually, a number of drawings are necessary to
completely specify even a simple component.
Technical drawing, drafting or drawing, is the act and discipline of composing drawings that
visually communicate how something functions or is constructed. Technical drawing is essential
for communicating ideas in industry and engineering
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
COURSES
ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING DRAWING

VIDEO / TOOLS IN DRAWING

✔ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KFmnySOFoI
The tools of an architect

✔ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxeynx2Vg0A
Must Have Items for First Year Architecture Students
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING COURSES
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS / ITS USES
DRAFTING / DRAWING / MECHANICAL PENCILS
A mechanical pencil (US English) or propelling pencil
(UK English), also clutch pencil, is a pencil with a
replaceable and mechanically extendable solid pigment
core called a "lead" /ˈlɛd/. The lead, often made of
graphite, is not bonded to the outer casing, and can be
mechanically extended as its point is worn away.
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
COURSES
ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING DRAWING

VIDEO / DEMO HOW TO USE PENCIL

✔ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDnjXUiEzqI
Understanding PENCIL GRADES - What you NEED to know

✔ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8B7xr1xqGk
Basic Drawing Technique - How to Sharpen A Drawing Pencil

✔ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcoZXYfohyo
This is how PROFESSIONAL Artists sharp their pencils
✔ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_L5rxYw_ISg
Differences between Mechanical Pencils and Lead Holders
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
COURSES
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS / ITS USES
COMPASSES / DIVIDERS
A pair of compasses, also known simply as a bow compass,
com·pass is a technical drawing instrument that can be used for
noun inscribing circles or arcs. As dividers, they can also be used as
tools to measure distances, in particular on
maps. Compasses can be used for mathematics, drafting,
navigation and other purposes.
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING COURSES
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS / ITS USES

COMPASSES ADAPTOR/s ( Optional )

INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
COURSES
ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING DRAWING

VIDEO / DEMO HOW TO USE COMPASS

✔ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5dl1esizM8&t=16s
Drafting Tools 101 - Learn How to Use the Compass
TRIANGLES / ADJUSTABLE TRIANGLE BUILT IN COMPASS
Drafting Triangles are precision tools for
drawing lines at specific angles. Triangles
made of plastic, aluminum, and steel. They
are used with a T-square to drawing vertical
and angled lines. A draftsman’s triangle
always has one right angle 90°.
A triangle featuring an adjustable arm capable
of being clamped at different angles. It was
created to eliminate a need of various triangular
shapes.

A protractor placed between the adjustable arm

and the place where it is hinged assesses the
angle of the clamped triangle.
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
COURSES
ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING DRAWING

VIDEO / DEMO HOW TO USE TRIANGLES

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-l-7mkVJWs
Manual Drafting: Equally Spaced, Parallel Angled Lines
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YE0oZZO7vbk&t=16s
Introduction to technical drawing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKmDy9hXI-4
Engineering Graphics - Introduction to hand drafting triangles
TRIANGULAR SCALE ( English / Metric )

A triangular scale is a ruler that has a 3-lobed cross-section with 6 different types of scales on
the edges (2 on each face) used for measuring and preparing scale drawings such as blueprints
and maps. It is also called an architect's scale.
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
COURSES
ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING DRAWING

VIDEO / DEMO HOW TO USE TRIANGULAR SCALES

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQY7fUmtjPw
Drafting Tools 101 - How to Read Architect and Engineer Scales
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NG7Bteujlbk
How to use a scale to read an architectural drawing
T-SQUARES / DRAFTING MACHINE

A T-square is a technical drawing instrument used

primarily as a guide for drawing horizontal lines on a
drafting table. It may also guide a set square to draw
vertical or diagonal lines. Its name comes from its
resemblance to the letter T.

A drafting machine is a tool

used in technical drawing,
consisting of a pair of scales
mounted to form a right angle
on an articulated protractor
head that allows an angular
rotation.
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
COURSES
ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING DRAWING

VIDEO / DEMO HOW TO USE T-SQUARES

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwiL_60e3Y0
T-square
TECHNICAL PENS
Technical pen is a specialized instrument used by an
engineer, architect, or drafter to make lines of constant width
for architectural, engineering, or technical drawings.
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
COURSES
ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING DRAWING

VIDEO / TECHNICAL PENS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_z12k9ESy8
Basics of Technical Pens - Part 1: Getting Started

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LA9JpjeLwfA
Basics of Technical Pens - Part 2: Pen Tip Sizes
ERASING SHIELD
An eraser shield is a simple metal or plastic plate, about 2 1/4 x 3 1/3 inches, with different sizes
and shapes of openings. These different shapes and sizes allow precise masking of small areas.
This allows you to erase without smearing or the accidental erasure of surrounding areas of
a drawing
gum eraser. Word Origin. noun. a block of gummy, easily
crumbled rubber used to erase smudges, pencil marks,
and the like especially from artwork.
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
COURSES
ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING DRAWING

VIDEO / ERASERS / ERASING SHIELD

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrCpQbXjQV0
Drafting Tools 101 - Erasers for Drafting
DRAFTING BRUSH
Comfort-fitting curved handle brush that holds sterilized mixed
horsehair in a single row of tufts to provide a stiff brushing action.
In a convenient 10" size for the drafting room or
portable drafting units.
MASKING TAPES
Masking tape, also known as
painter's tape, is a type of
pressure-sensitive tape made of
a thin and easy-to-tear paper,
and an easily released
pressure-sensitive ...
VIDEO MASKING TAPES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKVgsQszsTI
Mechanical Drafting- How To Tape Down Your Paper
DRAWING PAPER

trac·ing pa·per
/ˈtrāsiNG ˌpāpər/ noun
Tracing paper is paper made to have
low opacity, allowing light to pass
through. It was originally developed for
architects and design engineers to
create drawings which could be copied
precisely using the diazo copy
process; it then found many other
uses.
VIDEO ON DRAWING PAPER
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdLLzlBbvN4
Drafting Tools 101 - Paper for Drafting
ACTIVITIES / PLATES
An engineering drawing is a subcategory of technical
drawings. The purpose is to convey all the information
necessary for manufacturing a product or a
part. Engineering drawings use standardised language
and symbols. This makes understanding
the drawings simple with little to no personal
interpretation possibilities.
INTRODUCTION TO
LETTERING
INTRODUCTION TO
LETTERING USING GUIDELINES
Guide lines can be used to help produce
neat lettering when drawing. Guide lines are a
useful aid for creating accurate and neat layout.
Here's some examples of how to use guide
lines to create neat lettering. Lettering should
be either vertical or sloped at an angle of 2:5.
INTRODUCTION TO
LINES
Technical drawing Lines are used for different purposes to provide specific information for
designers, manufacturers, etc. ... The person who will read drawings have to learn what they
mean. Line types are also a language type to communicate between technical people.
Technical drawing is a form of design communication based on line symbols recognized and
understood worldwide. Hence, technical drawing is often referred to as a universal language
understood (readable) by anyone regardless of the language they speak. Contractors,
estimators, tradesmen and builders rely totally on technical drawings for the information
they need to build, construct and manufacture a product. To work in design and
manufacturing industries, the study of technical drawing –ability to prepare, read and
interpret technical drawing is essential.
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
TYPES OF LINES
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
DIMENSIONING

Dimensioning. The purpose of dimensioning is to provide a clear and complete description of

an object.
A complete set of dimensions will permit only one interpretation needed to construct the part.
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

An orthographic drawing represents a three-dimensional

object using several two-dimensional views of the object.
It is also known as an orthographic projection
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
ELEVATIONS
Geometrically, an elevation is a horizontal orthographic projection a building on to a vertical
plane, the vertical plane normally being parallel to one side of the building. Designers also use
the word elevation as a synonym for façade, so the north elevation is literally the north-facing
wall of the building.
What is an elevation drawing?
An elevation drawing is an orthographic projection drawing that shows one side of the house.
The purpose of an elevation drawing is to show the finished appearance of a given side of the
house and furnish vertical height dimensions. Four elevations are customarily drawn, one for
each side of the house.
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
EXTERIOR ELEVATIONS
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
SECTIONS
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
SITE PLANNING
What is site design planning?
Site planning in landscape architecture and architecture refers to the organizational stage of the
landscape design process. It involves the organization of land use zoning, access, circulation,
privacy, security, shelter, land drainage, and other factors.
What does site plan mean?
A site plan is a landscape architectural plan, and a detailed engineering drawing of proposed
improvements to a given lot. ... A site plan is a "set of construction drawings that a builder or
contractor uses to make improvements to a property.

What is a site location plan?

Most planning applications require a location plan and a site plan (also known as a
block plan), to be submitted as supporting documents. A location plan shows the proposal in its
surrounding context and a site plan shows the development in.
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN
PROCESS
SITE PLANNING
What should a site plan include?
A site plan usually shows a building footprint, travelways, parking, drainage facilities, sanitary
sewer lines, water lines, trails, lighting, and landscaping and garden elements.
What scale is a site plan?
The site plan (also known as a block
plan) should be drawn at an identified
standard metric scale
(typically 1:100, 1:200 or 1:500). It
should show the proposed
development in relation to the site
boundaries and other existing
buildings on the site, with dimensions
specified including those to the
boundaries.
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
SITE PLANNING
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN
PROCESS
FLOOR PLANS
What is in a floor plan?
In architecture and building engineering, a floor
plan is a drawing to scale, showing a view from
above, of the relationships between rooms,
spaces, traffic patterns, and other physical
features at one level of a structure. Dimensions
are usually drawn between the walls to specify
room sizes and wall length.
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN
PROCESS
FOUNDATION PLANS
The foundation plan
is a plan view drawing,
in section, showing the
location and size of
footings, piers,
columns, foundation
walls, and supporting
beams.
A foundation is the element
of a structure which
connects it to the ground,
and transfers loads from the
structure to the ground.
Foundations are generally
considered either shallow or
deep
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN
PROCESS
FOUNDATION / FOOTING
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
DETAILS
work·ing draw·ing
a scale drawing that serves
as a guide for the
construction or manufacture
of something such as a
building or machine.
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
STRUCTURAL DETAILS
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
UTILITIES SANITARY
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
UTILITIES ELECTRICAL
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
UTILITIES MECHANICAL
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN PROCESS
EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVES
per·spec·tive
The art of drawing solid objects on
a two-dimensional surface so as to
give the right impression of their
height, width, depth, and position in
relation to each other when viewed
from a particular point.
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN
PROCESS
SPECIFICATIONS
A specification often refers to a
set of documented requirements
to be satisfied by a material,
design, product, or service. A
specification is often a type of
technical standard. There are
different types of technical or
engineering specifications, and
the term is used differently in
different technical contexts
INTRODUCTION TO THE DESIGN
PROCESS
SAMPLE OF SPECIFICATIONS