HSSC II English Notes New Edition

APSACS, TARBEA
A CRITICAL APPROACH TO HSSC-II ENGLISH
Cadet’s Name: ……………………………..
MJ No: …….. House: ……………………...
Class & Section: …………………………....
“When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off against
the wind, not with it.”
Mr. Hamid Ali
Lecturer in English
Cadet Cadet College, Ghazi
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH NOTES FOR CLASS 12 SHORT QUESTIONS
THE FAREWELL SERMON
Q.1 When and where did the Holy Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬deliver his last sermon?
Ans. The famous sermon was delivered on the Ninth Dhul Hajj, in the Urannah Valley, Mount
Arafat, Saudi Arabia. The sermon is known for its content, religious vigour and clarity.
Moreover, the sermon has been mentioned in all the books of Hadiths.
Q.2 Whom did the Holy Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬ask to repeat the sermon sentence by sentence after him
and why?
Ans. The sermon has been noteworthy for its unique qualities. For example it was delivered in
the sacred month, on the sacred day and at a sacred place. Due to the witnessing crowd who
exceeded the figure 120,000 it was physically difficult to convey his message to them by Holy
Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬. The apostle of Allah asked Rab’ah Ibne Ummaya, who was known for his loud
voice to repeat the sermon after him.
Q.3 State in your own words what did the Holy Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬say about the sanctity of the life
and property of Muslim Brethren?
Ans. The Holy Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬emphasized on rights of Muslims over others. In addition to that,
he stressed on the sanctity of the Muslim as it is a sacred trust from Allah. No fellow Muslim is
allowed to shed any other Muslim or to use his property without his prior permission.
Q.4 What did the Holy Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬instruct the people with regard to their women?
Ans. Women have been proven partners to their husbands. That is why the Rasool of Allah
gave weight to the rights of women and asked the people to be kind to them. Furthermore, they
share the burden of their counterparts that is why the needed care and support.
Q.5 What did the Holy Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬say about the superiority of one individual over another?
What it depends upon?
Ans. It is a universal fact that all humans have been created form Adam and Eve. There is
rarely any difference between them except their deeds. Conversely, the people of ancient Arab
were out and out racists. That is why Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬stopped us to degrade anyone for colour of
his skin or geography.
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH NOTES FOR 12 SHORT QUESTIONS
Q.6 What did he (‫ )ﷺ‬say about Khatm-e-Nubuwwat?
Ans. Khatm-e-Nubuwwat means that Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬is the Last of the Prophets. The
process and routine of appointing Prophets and Messengers by Almighty Allah has been
terminated, finished, ended, stopped, and sealed. None will be appointed as Prophet after Hazrat
Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬. His Prophet-hood will continue until the Dooms day (Resurrection) and even
afterwards. In a nutshell, his prophet hood transcends the barriers to time and space.
Q.7 What did the Holy Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬ask the people toward the end of the sermon?
Ans. He summed up (wrapped) his sermon- the First Charter of Islam, by requesting the
audience to convey his message who could not reach to listen to word of Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬.
Moreover, he prayed to Allah that he wished that the absent could get better understanding that
those who were present at the moment. The miraculous voice of Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬which could
not reach to the mob (crowd) of 120,000 physically is being heard across the world.
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JINNAH’S VISION OF PAKISTAN
Q.1 When and where did the M.A Jinnah deliver his speech?
Ans. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founding father of Pakistan, delivered his famous speech on
11th August, 1947 at the Constituent Assembly Karachi. As he was recently been elected as the
first Governor General of Pakistan, he wanted to convey his vision to his fellow statesmen
through a historic speech.
Q.2 What two functions of the Constituent Assembly did M.A. Jinnah refer to in the
beginning of his speech?
Ans. The speech is singular for its start by defining what is the role of Constituent Assembly?
Moreover, he clearly stated the two roles of it. Firstly, it had to frame the future constitution of
Pakistan at the earliest; Secondly, It had to perform its duty as the Federal Legislature of
Pakistan as a sovereign and independent body.
Q.3 What did he say about the first function of the Assembly?
Ans. Quaid-e -Azam knew that country was an amalgam of different castes, creeds, and races.
Moreover, he was aware of the situation that by ensuring law and order, the government will
progress by leaps and bounds. He saw all the country as a single state and wanted to provide
security to the life, property, and religious beliefs of his countrymen at any cost.
Q.4 What did he say about the second function?
Ans, The founding father was aware of the fact that all the India was rolling in the slime of
corruption and bribery. He wanted to keep his newly born state from these two evils.
Furthermore, he was of the view that all the people should work hand in hand for progress of
their country.
Q.5 Which legacy does M.A. Jinnah refers to in his speech?
Ans. Quaid-e-Azam abhorred (disliked) the two moral epidemics i.e. nepotism and jobbery.
He knew that it was running in the veins of every Indian. These evils have been gifted to the
young generation of the time that is why he wanted to uproot them instantly.
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Q.6 What are the Quaid’s views about the division of India?
Ans. Only a shrewd and sage man like Quaid-e-Azam knew why it was difficult to live by
Hindus and Muslim as a single Nation for the following reasons:
1. Their way of living (lifestyle) is completely different.

2. Muslims worship a single deity - Allah; whereas, Hindus worshipped so many gods. That
is why they could not bear anyone anymore.
3. The delayed division of India could have so many horrific consequences such as
bloodshed and unrest between Muslims and Hindus.
Keeping in view the aforementioned reasons, he wanted a single sovereign state for the
Muslims of India immediately.
Q.7. What does he say about the minorities?
Ans. Quaid-e-Azam does not give importance to religion as much as the fundamentalist do. He
is of the view that the person who is living in state of Pakistan is primarily a citizen of it.
Similarly, he thinks that those who are Non-Muslims will be given their rights exactly the same
as Muslims do.
Q.8 What kind of freedom does M.A. Jinnah envision for the people of Pakistan in general?
Ans. Jinnah’s concept is quite liberal. He does not stop someone from going to his/her mosque,
church or temple. Therefore, while living in the state of Pakistan one must never bring his/her
religion is its way to progress. He motivates all the country men to work in consensus for the
well-being of nation.
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THE SOLITARY REAPER-William Wordsworth
Q.1 What is the theme of the poem “The Solitary Reaper”?
Ans: The poem offers so many themes such as immortality; music is a food for soul; and
pastoral beauty etc, but Love for Nature is more appropriate one.
Q.2 How does Wordsworth describe the song of the solitary reaper?
Ans: The poet experiences that beautiful song in the Highland-Scotland who is busy in cutting
crop. Although he is unable to understand the lyrics he does enjoy every bit of it and composes a
beautiful poem on it.
Q.3 What are the poet’s feelings about the song in the second stanza of the poem “The
Solitary Reaper?”
Ans: The poet is awe-stricken by the musicality of the song and can’t stop himself saying that as
the valley is receiving the song with keen interest. You (The readers) are invited to listen to it as
well.
Q.4. Describe in your own words the visual images depicted in the first stanza of the poem “The
Solitary Reaper?”
Ans: William Wordsworth brings forth the most usual scenes of pastoral beauty i.e. waving
crops, country girl, gentle breeze, lofty Mountain(s) and flying bird through poetic diction
(language).
Q.5 Give the examples of alliteration from the poem “The Solitary Reaper?”
Ans: Alliteration is a literary device where same sounds are repeated in succession i.e. she sells
seashells on seashore. Wordsworth’s alliterative verse adds prosody to his lines in this poem. No
Nightingale, Among Arabian, the silence of the seas etc. are some of them.
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Q.6 As you read the third stanza of “The Solitary Reaper” what pictures of the situation do
you make in your mind?
Ans: The remote past shows us that travelers would seek refuge under shady trees and listen to
the birds’ songs to unnerve themselves in the sandy areas of Arab countries. This frames our
minds that travelling in the past barefoot was irksome and tiresome.
Q.7 Explain the last stanza of the poem” The Solitary Reaper” in your own words?
Ans: The poet stores the song in his memory after actually experiencing it. Although he has left
the scene now he can still feel the beauty of that song and amuse him. The song gives him a
lifelong joy in a poetic experience.
Q.8 What is the dominant theme of the poem “The Solitary Reaper”?
Ans: Beauty is all around us. It is our selfish eyes, ears which ignore it. The poet says that even a
commonplace thing can have last effect on your memory if you pay attention to it. One must
value beauty and enjoys it by showing keen interest in it. The actual beauty does not need any
ornament.
Chapter No. 4 TRUCK ART -Rachel Redford
Q.1 Explain the connection which the writer makes between the camel caravans in the past
and modern decoration of trucks.
Ans: The ancestors of truck owners and drivers could be accessed deep in the past as camel
drivers. They would decorate their camels the way modern truckers garnish their trucks to show
their casts, creeds, and aesthetic senses.
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Q.2 Which point is the writer illustrating when she gives examples of decoration on trucks
from Peshawar and Rawalpindi?
Ans: The writer illustrates the uniqueness of trucks which belong to Peshawar and Rawalpindi
for their scenic views, portraits of legendary cricketers and army generals. In addition to that,
verses from Pashto and Urdu poetry could be found on the trucks as well. In short, the trucks
from Peshawar can stand aloof for their simplicity and pastoral views.
Q.3 which point is the writer illustrating in the lesson “Truck Art” by giving examples of the
specialists’ works?
Ans: She expresses the reality by showing us the business of Truck Art. It is the business of the
masses i.e. Masons, painters, electricians, carvers, poets, upholsterers etc. This booming business
is a source of earning for the skilled people of Pakistan. Although inflation is rising, yet the
truckers’ interest in decorating their trucks never fades.
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Q.4 Why do truckers spend too much money on decorating their trucks?
Ans: There are various reasons for truckers to decorate their trucks. First, they think it is
necessary because it attracts customers; second, it shows their good earnings; and third, they can
stand proudly among their truckers in the field. Keeping these factors in view, truckers never
compromise on the embellishment of their trucks like brides.
Q.5 Briefly describe how truck art developed from the 1940s to the 1970s?
Ans: Before the partition the truckers would simply display their logos on their trucks. After
the division, people started displaying the scenic views from the newly born country-Pakistan to
show their solidarity with it. It was in 1960s when people- the truckers started painting their
trucks out of interest and passion for the art.
Q.6 Why are truck drivers ‘nostalgic’ about the old Bedford trucks?
Ans: Bedford trucks do not find their rivals in the field of transportation & shipment for their
power and invincible structure. It is unfortunate that the company seized to manufacture other
trucks in 1990s. Those who have been driving those trucks cannot agree upon any other brand.
That is the reason the truckers always think about their Bedford than to go for Nissan and Hino.
Q.7 Explain how truck art at the present time can be seen as having reached ‘some kind of
apogee’?
Ans: Transportation is a thriving business in our country. Truckers earn money with both
hands. Truckers never leave any stone unturned to decorate their trucks. Trucks are a major
source of income for many families that is why the truckers lavishly spend money to ensure its
safety and look.
I HAVE A DREAM
Q.1 Who does Dr. King refer to by the epithet,” Great American?”
Ans. Dr. Luther King calls upon Abraham Lincoln, the first President of USA, as Great
American. He applauded the services of him for the abolishment of slavery, Civil War and
racism. That is why Dr. Kings wants to have the same rights for the Blacks of his country as
promised by Abraham Lincoln a century ago.
Q.2 After reading the first paragraph, can you guess what the Emancipation Proclamation
might mean?
Ans. As the world “Emancipation” means liberty, one can easily guess that this must have
been an announcement about freedom. If we could go into the depth, it was an official
announcement Abraham Lincoln made to bring freedom and liberty to the Negros of the country
in 1863.
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Q.3 How does King describe the life of the Negro in the US one hundred years after the
Emancipation Proclamation?
Ans. According to King the life of the Negro is still pathetic in the US. They still suffer from
poverty, injustice and discrimination. Moreover, they do not enjoy the basic rights of American
citizenship.
Q.4 Why in 1963, according to Dr King, not an end but a beginning? A beginning of what?
Ans: According to Dr King, 1963 is a fresh start of renewed struggle of the Blacks against their
miserable condition. The Negro will not be contended unless they are given their basic rights. Dr.
King thinks that 10963 will pave their way towards material and spiritual prosperity.
Q.5 What is Dr. King’s advice to the black people while marching on the road to freedom?
Ans. Dr. King advices every black fellow men who attend the conference to stay calm and
patient. In addition to that he tells them to show patience and forbearance as the task of achieving
their due rights needs so.
Q.6 When will they, the Negro, be satisfied or not satisfied, according to Dr. King?
Ans. According to him the Negro will not be satisfied unless they are given their due rights.
Moreover, he wishes to have a perfect freedom for the black from the police brutality and
injustice. He vows to give the blacks the right to vote.
Q.7 Dr.King speaks repeatedly of his dream. What is his dream?
And. The dream of Dr. King is the achievement of impartial justice and freedom for all the
Negro. In addition to that, he wants to unfetter all the black from the horrors of poverty, racial
discrimination and alienation. He wants to dress his dream at any cost.
Q.8 What does Dr. King mean by” This is the faith with which I return to the South? What
faith? Faith in what?
Ans. He has a passion to pursue his dream of freeing all the blacks from the slavery, poverty
and racial injustice in the US. He knows that by untiring efforts of mutual cooperation they will
be enjoying equal rights with the Whites of the US.
LINGKUAN GORGE
Q.1 What is the narrator’s job and the purpose of his journey? What physical conditions
persuade him to rest for a few hours?
Ans. The narrator, who is the Material Department Chief of a future railway station in the far
flung area of China, recounts his story of reaching the workplace. As the railway has to be built
in a valley, the writer tries his best to reach as early he can but the wild weather condition does
not let him do so. That is why he wants to have some rest to refresh himself.
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Q.2 About how old is Cheng Yu? What does he respond when the narrator asks, “Why isn’t
anybody home?
Ans. Cheng Yu is seven or eight years old. When the narrator ask him if someone is present
there, he holds his hands behind his back like an army officer, extend his chest and tells his
back,” Aren’t I someone, uncle?” That shows that he is full of confidence and shrewdness.
Q.3 What work do Cheng Yu parents do? What “Job” had Chang Yu been assigned, and what
explanation dos he gives for refusing the narrator’s advice to go sleep?
Ans. Cheng Yu’s father digs mountains for dynamite charge while his mother directs traffics.
As an obedient son he knows how to keep his parents words by staying in the cave and to look
after his younger sister. Moreover, he declines the idea of the narrator to take some rest.
Q.4 What does the narrator do in the final paragraph? What does he realize is waiting for
him?
Ans. The writer has been moved so much by the sage words of the young boy that he held him
against his cheeks and promised to reach the work place by the next morning.
Q.5 What sort of child is Cheng yu? What attitude does he display towards his parents and his
responsibilities?
Ans. Cheng yu is an epitome of obedience and loyalty. He every inches obeys the orders of his
parents. Moreover, he knows how to keep himself on the track by following the orders of his
parents.
DETERMINATION
Q.1 What two cities John Roebling thought of connecting through the bridge?
Ans. Besides an impossible task of connecting New York with the Long Island, John Roebling
took the challenge and achieved it by dint of hard work and commitment. He achieved what the
top engineers couldn’t do.
Q.2 What did the bridge building engineers throughout the world think of Roebling’s plan?
Ans. When he showed interest in building a bridge, the seasoned engineers started ridiculing
him for the work was rarely possible. In addition to that, they thought that challenge was
unattainable and complete wastage of time.
Q.3 How did Roebling finally succeed in convincing that the project could be accomplished?
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Ans. Through unending persuasion and justification he convinced his son that the bridge was
dream to be dramatized. He knew that he was not alone now to take the initiative. The stage was
now set to build a memorable bridge.
Q.4 What happened when the project was underway for only a few months?
And. The commencement of the bridge project wasn’t a pleasant one. An accident took the life
of his and made his son- George Washington bed ridden due severe head injury. As a result, his
son could not talk, walk or move.
Q.5 What was the response of the people after the accident on the site?
Ans. When the accident took place, people started cursing Roebling for endangering his family
life by chasing a wild goose. Moreover, they called him crazy. As a result he felt lonely, but he
was the one who did not give up.
Q.6 Unable to speak or write, what method did Washington use to communicate with his
wife?
Ans. As a result of severe head injury, Washington was unable to speak to anyone. He could only
move his finger via which he could pass directives to his wife regarding the construction of the
bridge. By following her husband’s instruction she would do what was to do.
Q.7 How did Washington communicate with his engineers for 13 long years?
Ans. The couple knew how to communicate through gesticulations. Washington’s wife would
receive the messages from his only moveable finger, and direct the engineers to follow the
instructions.
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH GUIDE HSSC PART-II THE MERCHANT OF VENICE
STUDY QUESTIONS
TALES FROM SHAKESPEARE
THE MERCHANT OF VENICE
Q.1 Who was Shylock and where did he live?
Ans. Shylock was a stone hearted money lender of Venice city. He was a middle aged rascal who
knew how to trap the poor Christians by lending them money in hard times and to get it back
with heavy profit.
Q.2 Who was Antonio? Why he hated Shylock?
Ans. Antonio, who was a real contrast to Shylock. He was a successful businessman of
Venice. He would help out the poor in rainy days. He was known for his generosity far and wide.
As a result, Shylock did not like him for to him he was spoiling his business.
Q.3 How would Antonio help the needy in Venice?
Ans. Antonio was a kind hearted person. Besides he was a successful businessman of Venice,
he would help out those who were in trouble. In contrast to Shylock, he would never charge
anyone for the service he offered. That is why he was disliked by Shylock so much and wanted
to teach him a lesson.
Q.4 Write down the character sketch of Shylock?
Ans. Shylock plays the role of an antagonist in the play of “Merchant of Venice.” He is a
middle-aged Jew who is money lender by profession. In addition to this, he is cruel and cunning.
He knows how to get his lent money back by hook or by crook. His greed for money knows no
bounds. He is married with a young daughter at home. As he does not like Antonio- the hero of
the play, he, too, is hated by those who love Antonio. Because of his jealousy for Antonio who
helps out all the needy and the poor without any profit, he wants to take revenge upon him at any
cost. That is why once when Antonio comes to lend money for his troubled friend-Bassanio,
Shylock finds the moment a perfect suit to take his revenge by trapping him. Deep in his heart he
is Jew, that is why he hated every Christian of Venice. Shylock knows that he cannot degrade or
harm Antonio that is why weaved a plan to debase him in the society by lending him money at
the cost of his life. As a tragic flaw the protagonist-Antonio accepts it without any fear. Shylock
knows that a high time is waiting for him when he will slay Antonio in the public. Time turns
and the day comes when he has to pay Shylock back what he has lent him but his ships which
were away for a business gets lost in the sea. Antonio traps himself badly and offers himself to
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the cruel Jewish, who has been waiting anxiously for the moment. Antonio is lucky enough to
have been saved by Portia- Bassano’s newly bride who comes in the guise of a lawyer and saves
his skin through her sheer intelligence and sagacity.
Q.5 Why did Antonio and Bassanio go to Shylock, the Jew?
Ans. Antonio and Bassanio were bosom friends. As Antonio was a successful trader of Venice,
he used to help out Bassanio in rainy days. Once, when Bassanio asked Antonio for financial
assistance for asking the hand of a rich lady Portia, Antonio could not provide him with money
because all his ships were away for trade. Therefore, they decided to lend money from the
notorious money lender i.e. Shylock.
Q.6 Why did Shylock lend money to Antonio?
Ans. Shylock and Antonio hated each other so much. Shylock knew that by lending money to
Antonio he would be able to conspire against him and teach him a better lesson. That is why he
was happy to have Antonio on his doorstep for money. It was a best chance for him to trap
Antonio and quench his thirst for revenge which he had been yearning for years.
Q.7 Who was Nerissa and whom did she marry?
Ans. Nerissa was Portia’s waiting maid. She was so close to Portia that she would share her all
secrets with her. She, like, her mistress was too unmarried. She was very intelligent and she
knew how to help out Antonio by playing the role of a clerk. She was married to Gratiano, the
attendant of Bassanio.
Q.8 What was the condition of the bond?
Ans. The bond was written for the occasion. It was written in the bond if Antonio, the
borrower, was unable to return the amount on due time, a pound of flesh from his body will be
cut off. Antonio and Bassanio were sure that before that day they would be able to repay the
money because Antonio’s ships would be back then.
Q.9 Who was Portia and whom did she marry?
Ans. She was a virgin lady of Belmont. Her father was recently dead leaving a good fortune
for her. As she was the sole heiress of the state, she wanted to have a sincere life partner. That is
why she loved Bassanio because he, too, deep in his heart loved her without any greed.
Q.10 Why did Shylock refuser to take back the money lend to Antonio?
Ans. Shylock was happy when he heard that all the ships of Antonio’s were lost. He knew it
was the best moment for him to teach him a lesson by taking his life. He had amassed enough
hatred inside his heart for Antonio that he didn’t even care about money. He wanted to run his
blade(knife) on Antonio’s throat.
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Q.11 What role did Portia play in the court?
Ans. When Portia heard about Antonio she rushed to her cousin who was counselor by
profession. She knew Shylock was cunning Jew. That is why she wanted to teach him a lesson in
the guise of a lawyer. She took her maid with her as clerk and reached Venice. She repeatedly
asked Shylock to accept the money and leave Antonio but he was not ready to do so. It was at the
end of the day when found out that Shylock could not take the life Antonio because it bond so
such thing was mentioned.
Q.12 How was Antonio’s life saved?
Ans. Portia and Nerissa played their part. Portia proved that Shylock could not take the life of
Antonio because by doing so he would shed the blood of Antonio’s body which was not
mentioned in the bond. Hearing this, Shylock started appealing her to give him money and settle
the issue. Portia, on the contrary, knew that now he had been badly trapped. Antonio’s life was
spared and Shylock was taught the worst lesson of his life for his bad actions.
Q.13 Do you think the verdict of the court was just and fair or not?
Ans. The verdict of the court, at the end of the play was just and fair. Shylock was an every inch
a culprit, fraudster and must have been dealt accordingly. He had been penalized for the wrong
deeds he had been doing to all the innocent people of Venice.
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH GUIDE HSSC PART-II POETRY COMPREHENSION
POETRY COMPREHENSION
IF
RUDYAR KIPLING
SUMMARY/CENTRAL IDEA
This poem is unique for its golden principles for successful life and hereafter. The poem is
interactive in its style where a father advices his son to follow those rules to become immortal.
His name will remain forever if he follows the injunctions offered by the old man. The poem
tells us to be patient, honest, trustworthy, punctual and obedient where all others-around you, are
behaving the contrary. The poem ends with a statement that by following those principles he will
become the master of the Earth.
I DREAM A WORLD
CENTRAL IDEA/ SUMMARY OF THE POEM
Langston Hughes envisions a world where there shall be no malice, greed or hatred. He calls his
world an “Ideal World” where harmony and peace will prevail. People will enjoy perfect
freedom of thought and action. Racism and Inequality will have no room to live in it. All the
creation will enjoy equal opportunities of the world. The world will be poverty free. Each person
on the surface of the Earth will not complain about anything. The poet leaves a question for the
readers whether such world is possible or not?
IT COULDN’T BE DONE
SUMMARY/CENTRAL IDEA
Edward Guest inspires the audience to come up with renewed energy and courage to win at the
difficult situation. Moreover, he tells us the man has got limitless powers which are still to be
used. In addition to that he wants to thwart hopelessness and frustration for a successful world.
The poet encourages the readers to be positive when they are in trouble. A successful person is
the one who does not listen to those people who are saying that the task is difficult and
unachievable.
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH GUIDE HSSC PART-II POETRY COMPREHENSION
THE SCHOOL BOY
The poem is replete with imagery when the poet tells us about the beauties of summer season.
The poet imparts his experience of waking up early in the morning, listening to the chirping of
birds and sound of blowing horns by the huntsmen. Moreover, he is so absorbed in the nature
that he does not want to spoil his day by going to school. To him going to school and listen to the
teacher is a boring experience.
The poet compares himself with a caged bird whose wings are clipped in a school. He
cannot go outside and enjoy the lovely weather. He requests all the parents and teachers to leave
the children to explore the world outside school. He wants to have complete freedom for children
to enjoy their life to the full in their childhood because time once passed cannot be reversed.
ONCE UPON A TIME
The poet draws a vivid comparison between the attitude of people of olden days and to those of
modern day. In the past people were candid, loyal, trustworthy, while today people have turned
cunning, wicked, wild and disloyal. Jealousy and malice is prevalent to every nook and cranny.
No one can be trusted. People make relation for the sake of monetary benefits. They do not care
about blood relations. That is why they are suffering from anxiety and depression. The poet
wants to have a safe escape from this world of duplicity and hypocrisy. Moreover, he wants to
unlearn all the modern education for a classical one. The poets want to see a genuine smile
without any plastic feelings. That is why yearns to have a life which is simple and cultural. The
poem is ante modernist for its theme
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH GUIDE HSSC PART-IIIDIOMATIC PHRASES
IDIOMATIC PHRASES
S# IDIOM MEANINGS USAGE

1 A red letter day ‫خوشی کا دن‬ Eid is a red letter day for Muslims
2 A bird eye view ‫طائرانہ جائزہ‬ We got a bird’s eye view of the city from the top of the tower
3 A bone of contention ‫فساد کی جڑ‬ Kashmir is a bone of contention between India and Pakistan
4 A blind alley ‫بند گلی‬ Corrupt politicians have put Pakistan into a blind alley
5 A bolt from the blue ‫ناگہانی آفت‬ The news of his son’s accident was a bolt from the blue for
him
6 A cat’s paw ‫کسی کا کام کرنے واال‬ He is a cat’s paw of his boss
7 Child’s play ‫بچوں کا کھیل‬ It is not a child’s play to write a good book in a month
8 Bad blood ‫رنجش ہونا‬ There is no bad blood between the two brothers
9 Blue blood ‫اعلی نسب‬ Though Ali is poor, he has blue blood in his family
10 A gala day ‫خوشی کا دن‬ Eid is a gala day for Muslims
11 A man of letters ‫پڑھا لکھا شخص‬ Quaid-e-Azam was a man of letters
12 Dark horse ‫چھپا رستم‬ Saleem is a dark horse; I did not know that he had written a
novel
13 Blessing in disguise ‫ایک چھپی ہوئی رحمت‬ Sometimes, a misfortune comes as a blessing in disguise to us
14 Break the ice ‫خاموشی توڑنا‬ Saleem broke the ice by suggesting that they should play cards
15 A fishy story ‫فرضی کہانی‬ Nobody trusts him because of his fishy stories
16 A fish out of water ‫سخت بے چینی میں‬ I felt like a fish out of water in my new school
17 A man of parts ‫اصولوں کا پکا‬ Quaid-e-Azam was a man of parts
18 A wet blanket ‫ایک حوصلہ شکن انسان‬ Nobody likes a wet blanket because of his discouraging
behaviour
19 A wild goose chase ‫بےکار کی کوشش‬ Your attempt to pass the examination without hard work
would be a wild goose chase
20 A white elephant ‫سفید ہاتھی‬ Ali is a white elephant for his family as he is sit idle
21 A feather in one’s cap ‫باعث تسکین کا نامہ‬ This success is a feather in your cap
22 A rainy day ‫مشکل دور کیلئے‬ Saleem saves money for the rainy days of old age
23 A narrow escape ‫بال بال بچنا‬ Saleem fell into the river but had a narrow escape from
drowning
24 An axe to grind ‫اپنا مطلب نکالنا‬ I have no political axe of grind
25 At a stone’s throw ‫قریب ہیں واقع ہونا‬ I never arrive late because my college is a stone’s throw from
my house.
26 At a loss ‫پریشان ہو جانا‬ Saleem is at a loss to decide whether he should marry or not
27 At stake ‫خطرے میں‬ We cannot take the risk when our life is at stake
28 An eye wash ‫فضول بات‬ Do not talk such eye wash
29 At dagger’s drawn ‫دشمنی ہونا‬ She is at a daggers drawn with her husband
30 At a stretch ‫لگاتار‬ The hardworking students study long at a stretch
31 At one’s back and call ‫حکم کا منتظر رہنا‬ He did not want to be at her back and call all day long
32 Apple pie order ‫ترتیب سے‬ His desk is always in apple-pie order
33 At the eleventh hour ‫عین وقت پر‬ He called off his plan at the eleventh hour
34 At cross purposes ‫مختلف مقاصد رکھنا‬ I think we are talking at cross purposes
35 At large ‫آزاد کرنا‬ The two robbers are still at large
36 All ears ‫کان لگا کر سننا‬ Keep on speaking, I am all ears
37 At sixes and sevens ‫بےترتیب‬ All the files are at sixes and sevens on the desk
38 Back out ‫وعدہ توڑنا‬ He backed out his promise
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39 Bag and baggage ‫ساز و سامان کے ساتھ‬ He threw her out of the house, bag and baggage
40 Beat about the bush ‫ادھر ادھر کی باتیں کرنا‬ Stop beating about the bush and get to the point
41 Around the clock ‫لگاتار‬ He was working hard around the clock
42 At length ‫آخرکار‬ At length, Saleem won her love
43 Better half ‫بیوی‬ His better half is a lady doctor
44 Black out ‫یاداشت کم ہو جانا‬ He has a total black out for events of the evening
45 Break the news ‫اچانک خبر سنانا‬ He broke the news of her father’s death to her
46 Bear out ‫تصدیق کرنا‬ He bore out the news of his father’s death
47 Burn midnight oil ‫محنت کرنا‬ He burnt the midnight oil to pass the examination
48 A blue eyed boy ‫پسندیدہ‬ Ali is a blue eyed boy for everyone
49 A blue stocking ‫ادیب عورت‬ Haseena Moin is a blue stocking; she often writes new dramas
50 A bull in china shop ‫دیہاتی‬ A villager entered in the library like a bull in the china shop
51 A broken reed ‫ناقابل اعتبار شخص‬ I cannot trust him, as he is a broken reed
52 A fair weather friend ‫مطلبی دوست‬ Fair weather friends leave in difficulties
53 A hard and fast rule ‫واضح اصول‬ We have to follow the hard and fast rules of this office
54 A live wire ‫پھرتیال‬ The manager of this company is really a live wire
55 At logger heads ‫جھگڑے میں ہونا‬ Pakistan and Afghanistan are at logger heads in these days
56 All moonshine ‫نظر کا دھوکا‬ Fancy dresses are all moonshine
57 A maiden speech ‫پہلی تقریر‬ He delivered his maiden speech in the college
58 A hair breadth escape ‫بال بال بچنا‬ He had narrow escape from drowning.
59 Casting vote ‫فیصلہ کن ووٹ‬ Last match between Pakistan and England will be a casting
vote match.
60 Bring home ‫سمجھانا‬ The teacher brought home this topic.
61 Blow hot and cold ‫کبھی کچھ کبھی کچھ‬ He blows hot and cold about going abroad.
62 Beside oneself ‫آپے سے باہر ہونا‬ The teacher was beside himself with anger when Aslam told a
lie.
63 Carry the day ‫جیت جانا‬ Our team carried the day in the final.
64 Carry weight ‫اہمیت ہونا‬ His arguments carry weight.
65 Cast a spell ‫ جادو‬،‫سحر زدہ کرنا‬ Her matchless beauty casts a spell over me.
‫دینا کر‬
66 Cock and bull story ‫بے تکی کہانیاں‬ He told me a cock and bull story about his failure in the
exams.
67 Burn the candle at both ‫دولت ضائع کرنا‬ You will fall ill if you keep on burning the candle at both
ends ends.
68 Call into question ‫شک کا اظہار کرنا‬ His honesty cannot be called into question.
69 As cool as cucumber ‫پرسکون مطمئن‬ A great leader remains cool as a cucumber in all
circumstances.
70 Close shave ‫ قریب قریب‬،‫بال بال‬ He had close shave from drowning.
71 Come into play ‫استمال میں آنا‬ His abilities came into play as soon he started his career.
72 Bring to book ‫سرزنش کرنا‬ He brought the servant to book for his carelessness.
73 Bury the hatchet ‫دشمنی ختم کرنا‬ The two enemies buried their hatchet and became friends.
74 Cast down ‫افسردہ‬ She is cast down at her failure.
75 Crocodile tears ‫ مگرمچھ کے‬،‫دکھاوا کرنا‬ He was shedding crocodile tears at the death of his enemy.
‫آنسو‬
76 Cut a sorry figure ‫شرمندگی اٹھانا‬ He cuts a sorry figure on his failure in exams.
77 Cats and dogs life ‫لڑائی جھگڑے والی زندگی‬ The couple is leading a cats and dog life.
78 Deliver the goods ‫وعدہ پورا کرنا‬ Government of Pakistan should delivered the goods in all
circumstances.
79 Do away with ‫رسم و رواج ختم کرنا‬ We should do away with bad manners.
80 Die in harness ‫عملی زندگی میں مرجانا‬ Quaid-e-Azam died in harness.
81 Egg on ‫اکسانا‬ Do not egg him on fight.
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82 Eat one’s words ‫اپنے الفاظ واپس لینا‬ We should not eat our words in any circumstances.
83 Eat a humble pie ‫ شرمندگی اٹھانا‬،‫سامنا کرنا‬ You will eat a humble pie if you do not act upon my plan.
84 Every inch ‫ہر لحاظ سے‬ He looked every inch a gentleman.
85 End in smoke ‫ناکامی‬ All his efforts ended in smoke.
86 Give the cold shoulder ‫بے رخی سے پیش آنا‬ I ask him to return my money but he gives me the cold
shoulders.
87 Give and take ‫کچھ لو کچھ دو‬ We should develop relations with our neighbours give and
take policy.
88 Hue and cry ‫خوف سے شور مچانا‬ The family started hue and cry when they saw robber.
89 Face the music ‫سامنا کرنا‬ He will have to face the music of what he has done.
90 Feather in one’s nest ‫ناجائز دولت کمانا‬ The corrupt politicians only feather their nest.
91 Fall out ‫لڑنا جھگڑنا‬ Two friends fall out for nothing.
92 Fall back upon ‫سہارا ہونا‬ He has his father’s property to fall back upon.
93 Feel the pulse ‫نبض دیکھنا‬ The doctor felt the pulse of the patient.
94 Follow suit ‫تقلید کرنا‬ Our school offered free admission and other school follow
suit.
95 Give away ‫تقسیم کرنا‬ He gives away money in poor.
96 Give in ‫چھپ جانا‬ The Kashmir will never give in.
97 Go to the dog ‫برباد ہو جانا‬ His business will go to the dogs because of his carelessness.
98 Get better of ‫غلبہ پا لینا‬ Pakistan army will get the better of.
99 Hard nut to crack ‫بڑا مسئلہ‬ Kashmir issue is a hard nut to crack.
100 Hit on ‫اچانک خیال آ جانا‬ She hit upon a clever idea.
101 For good ‫ہمیشہ کے لئے‬ Saleem has left D.G Khan for good.
102 Few and far between ‫کبھی کبھار‬ He calls on me few and far between.
102 Cheek by jowl ‫ساتھ ساتھ‬ The fans entered the stadium check by jowl to see match.
103 Gift of the gab ‫زبان کی طاقت‬ Politicians should have gift of the gab.
104 Go to rack and ruin ‫ختم ہو جانا‬ His business is going to rack and ruin.
105 Hold water ‫معیار پر پورا اترنا‬ His arguments do not hold water.
106 Hold a brief ‫وکالت کرنا‬ You should hold no brief for this criminal.
107 Heart and soul ‫دل و جان سے‬ He loves her son heart and soul.
108 Hale and hearty ‫تندرست و توانا‬ He is a hale and hearty man.
109 In the air ‫افواہ پھیلی ہونا‬ The news of prime minister illness is in the air.
110 In the pipeline ‫تیار ہونا‬ The upcoming budget of Pakistan is in the pipeline.
111 In black and white ‫تحریری شکل میں‬ He makes every agreement in black and white.
112 In full swing ‫پورے عروج پر‬ The party was in full swing when the police came.
113 In letter and spirit ‫ مکمل طور پر‬،‫ہر لحاظ‬ You should follow these orders in the true letter and spirit.
114 Keep abreast of ‫اپنے آپ کو باخبر رکھنا‬ I read newspaper daily to keep abreast of.
115 In the teeth of ‫مخالفت کے باوجود‬ The parliament has passed the bill in the teeth of opposition.
116 Keeping with ‫مطابق ہونا‬ Being a Muslim, our life should be in keep with in teaching of
Islam.
117 In cold blood ‫بے رحمی سے‬ He murdered his friend in cold blood.
118 Kick the bucket ‫انتقال کر جانا‬ The patient had kicked the bucket last night.
119 Kith and thin ‫رشتے دار‬ We should care our kith and thin.
120 Keep up appearance ‫ظاہر داری برقرار رکھنا‬ In the days of inflation, it is very difficult to keep up
appearance.
121 Keep body and soul ‫ بڑی مشکل سے گزارا کرنا‬It has become difficult for poor to keep the body and soul
together together.
122 Lion’s share ‫بڑا حصہ‬ The investor has a lion’s share in his company.
123 Lay by ‫بچت کرنا‬ We should lay by electricity.
124 Leave in the lurch ‫مشکل میں چھوڑ جانا‬ Fair weather friends always leave in the lurch.
125 Let down ‫شرمندہ کرنا‬ Your mistake will let you down.
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126 Make amends ‫تالفی کرنا‬ I shall make amends to the loss.
127 Move heaven and earth ‫پوری کوشش کرنا‬ She moved heaven and earth to get her aim.
128 Make good ‫نقصان پورا کرنا‬ Who will make good this loss?
129 Make away with ‫لے کر بھاگ جانا‬ The thief made away with the precious things.
130 Be at large ‫آزاد کرنا‬ The two robbers are still at large.
131 Lame excuses ‫جھوٹے بہانے‬ You cannot win her favour by lame excuses.
132 Laugh up in your ‫چپکےچپکے ہسنا‬ He laughed up his sleeve at the false affection of his step
sleeve mother.
133 Laughing stock ‫ہنسی کا گول گپا‬ This fat man is a laughing stock of the village.
134 Lead somebody astray ‫گمراہ کرنا‬ Ali was led astray by some of his friends.
135 A leap in the lock ‫اندھیرے میں تیر چالنا‬ To start such a big business without experience is a leap in the
lock.
136 Leave in the lurch ‫ مصیبت میں ساتھ چھوڑ جانا‬Do not leave your friends in the lurch.
137 Leave no stone ‫کوئی کسر نہ اٹھا رکھنا‬ She left no stone unturned to pass the examination.
unturned
138 Lend an ear ‫ہمدردی سے بات سننا‬ This land lady lends an ear to the problems of the poor.
139 At length ‫آخرکار‬ At length, Saleem won her love.
140 To lick the dust ‫ناکام ہونا‬ His plan to win the race lick the dust.
141 Live by one’s wits ‫مکاری سے رقم بھٹو لنا‬ He does not work hard and lives by his wits.
142 Live from hand to ‫مشکل سے گزر بسر کرنا‬ The poor man lives from hand to mouth.
mouth
143 Be living in ‫احمقوں کی جنت میں رہنا‬ He lives in a fool paradise if he think that he will pass the
foul’s paradise examination without hard work.
144 Lock, stock and barrel ‫مکمل طور پر‬ They shifted their business lock, stock and barrel to a new
city.
145 Look ahead ‫مستقبل پر نظر‬ The wise man always looks ahead.
146 Look sharp ‫جلدی کرنا‬ Please bring me a glass of water and look sharp.
147 Be at loose end ‫فارغ ہونا‬ Let us play cricket if you are at loose end.
148 At a loss ‫شش و پنج میں ہونا‬ He was at a loss to decide whether he took admission college
or university.
149 Lose ground ‫برتری گواہ بیٹھنا‬ India has lost his moral ground after persecuting Kashmir.
150 Maiden voyage ‫بحری سفر‬ Titanic sank during his maiden voyage.
151 Make both ends meet ‫مشکل سے گزر بسر کرنا‬ It is very difficult for poor to make both ends meet.
152 Make fun of ‫مذاق اڑانا‬ The whole class made fun of her odd clothes.
153 Make headway ‫مشکل کے باوجود ترقی‬ They have made headway towards finding the solution of the
‫کرنا‬ problem.
154 Make light of ‫اہمیت نہ دینا‬ He had a bad fall but he made light of his cuts.
something
155 Make one’s mark ‫نا م پیدا کرنا‬ He is making his mark as a good writer.
156 Make the best of it ‫ناکامی کو کامیابی میں بدلنا‬ The job was against her taste but she made the best of it.
157 Make the most of it ‫پورا فائدہ اٹھانا‬ We have got only one day in Naraan; so we should make most
of it.
158 Make up one’s mind ‫فیصلہ کرنا‬ They have made up their minds to settle in Pakistan.
159 A man of iron will ‫مضبوط ارادے واال‬ A man of iron will can tackle the present crises of Pakistan.
160 A man of his words ‫عہد کا پکا‬ You can trust him as he is a man of his words.
161 As a matter of fact ‫درحقیقت‬ He will not help you as a matter of fact, he is a selfish man.
162 Mind one’s business ‫اپنے کام سے کام رکھنا‬ Do not advise me, mind your own business.
163 Miss the bus/boat ‫موقع ضائع کر دینا‬ You will miss the boat/bus if you do not propose to her on her
birthday.
164 More or less ‫تقریبا‬ He earns more or less fifty thousand a month.
165 A necessary evil ‫ناگریز برای‬ A war is a necessary evil.
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166 Neck or nothing ‫سردھڑ کی بازی لگانا‬ I drove neck or nothing to reach the examination hall on time.
167 Next to nothing ‫کچھ نہ ہونا‬ We have left next to nothing now.
168 Nip in the bud ‫ابتدا میں کچل دینا‬ Nip every evil in the bud.
169 Now and then ‫کبھی کبھار‬ Now and then, we meet our old friends.
170 Null and void ‫کالعدم‬ His contract is null and void.
171 Of one’s own accord ‫بالکل اپنی مرضی سے‬ She married Ali of her own accord.
172 Off and on/on and off ‫کبھی کبھار‬ It rained on and off all day.
173 Off colour ‫قدرے بیمار‬ I have been feeling a bit of colour
174 Flesh and blood ‫انسانی فطرت‬ This baby is his mother’s flesh and blood.
175 First and foremost ‫سب سے اولین‬ The first and foremost task of the teacher is to teach.
176 Fair sex ‫خواتین‬ We should respect the fair sex.
177 Get through ‫نکلنا‬ He has ability to get through his situation.
178 Hand in glove ‫سازش میں شریک‬ India and America are hand in glove with each other
179 Hope against hope ‫موہوم امید رکھنا‬ Saleem waited all day, hoping against hope that Ali would
come to him.
180 Give up ‫چھوڑ دینا‬ I will never give up in the match.
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH GUIDE HSSC PART-II ENGLISH GRAMMAR
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Part of Speech
There are traditionally eight parts of speech, but we shall add determiners and modifiers
to the list for better understanding.
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Verb
4. Adjective
5. Adverb
6. Article/Determiners
7. Preposition
8. Conjunction
9. Interjection
10. Modifier
Noun:
The word Nomen was taken from Latin language which meant a thing. It is a name of place,
person, thing or an idea. For instance; Islamabad, William Shakespeare, chair, census etc.
There are FIVE types of noun.
Common Noun
a. CountableNouns:Five Pencils, three boys etc.

b. Uncountable Nouns: 5 kg rice /sugar
c. CollectiveNouns: Army, committee, jury
d. MaterialNouns: Chair, Oxygen, oil, tissue etc.
e. AbstractNouns: beauty, sound, hospitality, sense, taste etc.
Proper Noun
Pakistan, Xiaomi, Nokia, Bill Gates, Cristiano Ronaldo etc.
Pronouns: The word/phrase that substitutes a noun is called a pronoun.
1. Personal—I/we/you/he/she/it/they
2. Definite Pronouns: I, me, mine, myself, she, her, hers, herself, we, us, etc.
3. Interrogative Pronouns: Who, where, which, why etc.
4. Relative Pronouns: which, that, whose, whoever, whomever, who, and whom etc.
5. Possessive Pronouns: My, his, her, its, your, their etc.
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6. Demonstrative Pronouns: This, that, those, these
7. Reflexive myself, herself, himself, itself, themselves etc.
8. Emphatic/Intensive Pronouns:
9. Indefinite Pronouns: all, another, any, anybody/anyone, anything, each,
everybody/everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, one, several,
some, somebody/someone.
10. Distributive Pronouns: Each, every, either, neither, everyone, none, any, etc.
Adjective: Definition & Types
An adjective describes or modifies noun/s and pronoun/s in a sentence. It normally

indicates quality, size, shape, duration, feelings, contents, and more about a noun or pronoun.
Adjectives usually provide relevant information about the nouns/pronouns they modify/describe
by answering the questions: What kind? How many? Which one? How much? Adjectives enrich
your writing by adding precision and originality to it.
Example:
o The team has a dangerous batsman. (What kind?)
o I have ten candies in my pocket. (How many?)
o I loved that red car. (Which one?)
o I earn more money than he does. (How much?)
More Examples of Adjective
However, there are also many adjectives which do not fit into these questions. Adjectives are the
most used parts of speech in sentences. There are several types of adjectives according to their
uses.
Types of Adjectives
 Descriptive Adjectives
 Quantitative Adjectives
 Proper Adjectives
 Demonstrative Adjectives
 Possessive Adjectives
 Interrogative Adjectives
 Indefinite Adjectives
 Articles
 Compound Adjectives
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Descriptive Adjectives:
A descriptive adjective is a word which describes nouns and pronouns. Most of the adjectives
belong in this type. These adjectives provide information and attribute to the nouns/pronouns
they modify or describe. Descriptive adjectives are also called qualitative adjectives.
Participles are also included in this type of adjective when they modify a noun.
Examples:
o I have a fast car. (The word ‘fast’ is describing an attribute of the car)
o I am hungry. (The word ‘hungry’ is providing information about the subject)
o The hungry cats are crying.
o I saw a flying Eagle.
More Examples of Descriptive Adjective
Quantitative Adjectives:
A quantitative adjective provides information about the quantity of the nouns/pronouns. This
type belongs to the question category of ‘how much’ and ‘how many’.
Examples:
o I have 20 bucks in my wallet. (How much)
o They have three children. (How many)
o You should have completed the whole task. (How much)
More Examples of Quantitative Adjectives
Proper Adjectives:
Proper adjectives are the adjective form of proper nouns. When proper nouns modify or
describe other nouns/pronouns, they become proper adjectives. ‘Proper’ means ‘specific’ rather
than ‘formal’ or ‘polite.’
A proper adjective allows us to summarize a concept in just one word. Instead of writing/saying
‘a food cooked in Chinese recipe’ you can write/say ‘Chinese food’.
Proper adjectives are usually capitalized as proper nouns are.
Example:
o American cars are very strong.
o Chinese people are hard workers.
o I love KFC burgers.
o Marxist philosophers despise capitalism.
More Examples of Proper Adjectives
Demonstrative Adjectives:
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A demonstrative adjective directly refers to something or someone. Demonstrative adjectives
include the words: this, that, these, those.
A demonstrative pronoun works alone and does not precede a noun, but a demonstrative
adjective always comes before the word it modifies.
Examples:
o That building is so gorgeously decorated. (‘That’ refers to a singular noun far from the
speaker)
o This car is mine. (‘This’ refers to a singular noun close to the speaker)
o These cats are cute. (‘These’ refers to a plural noun close to the speaker)
o Those flowers are heavenly. (‘Those’ refers to a plural noun far from the speaker)
More Examples of Demonstrative Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives:
A possessive adjective indicates possession or ownership. It suggests the belongingness of

something to someone/something.
Some of the most used possessive adjectives are my, his, her, our, their, your.
All these adjectives always come before a noun. Unlike possessive pronouns, these words
demand a noun after them.
Examples:
o My car is parked outside.
o His cat is very cute.
o Our job is almost done.
o Her books are interesting.
More Examples of Possessive Adjective
Interrogative Adjectives:
An interrogative adjective asks a question. An interrogative adjective must be followed by a

noun or a pronoun. The interrogative adjectives are: which, what, whose. These words will not be
considered as adjectives if a noun does not follow right after them. ‘Whose’ also belongs to the
possessive adjective type.
Examples:
o Which phone do you use?
o What game do you want to play?
o Whose car is this?
More Examples of Interrogative Adjective
Indefinite Adjectives:
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An indefinite adjective describes or modifies a noun unspecifically. They provide
indefinite/unspecific information about the noun. The common indefinite adjectives are few,
many, much, most, all, any, each, every, either, nobody, several, some, etc.
Examples:
o I gave some candy to her.
o I want a few moments alone.
o Several writers wrote about the recent incidents.
o Each student will have to submit homework tomorrow.
Articles
Articles also modify the nouns. So, articles are also adjectives. Articles determine the
specification of nouns. ‘A’ and ‘an’ are used to refer to an unspecific noun, and ‘the’ is used to
refer to a specific noun.
Examples:
o A cat is always afraid of water. (Here, the noun ‘cat’ refers to any cat, not specific.)
o The cat is afraid of me. (This cat is a specific cat.)
o An electronic product should always be handled with care.
Compound Adjectives:
When compound nouns/combined words modify other nouns, they become a compound
adjective. This type of adjective usually combines more than one word into a single lexical unit
and modifies a noun. They are often separated by a hyphen or joined together by a quotation
mark.
Example:
o I have a broken-down sofa.
o I saw a six-foot-long snake.
o He gave me an “I’m gonna kill you now” look.
The Degree of Adjectives:
There are three degrees of adjectives: Positive, comparative, superlative.
These degrees are applicable only for the descriptive adjectives.
Examples:
Positive degree: He is a good boy.
Comparative degree: He is better than any other boy.
Superlative: He is the best boy.
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Adverb: Definition & Types
An adverb is a word/a set of words that modifies verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. It
tells when, where, and how an action is performed or indicates the quality or degree of the
action.
Many adverbs end in -ly but some words which end in -ly (such as friendly) are not adverbs.
Many words can be both adverbs and adjectives according to their activity in the sentence.
Example:
o Robin is always hungry for success.
o I love her very much.
o He is running fast.
o Alex works hard.
o He wrote that willingly.
Adverb Clauses and Adverb Phrases are clauses and phrases that modify the verbs, adjectives
or other adverbs in the sentence.
Example:
o He ran toward the bus until he was tired. (Adverb Clause)
o He came carrying his box with two hands. (Adverb Phrase)
o We were panicked without any reason. (Adverb Phrase)
Types of Adverbs:
 Conjunctive Adverbs
 Sentence Adverbs
 Adverbs of Time/Frequency (When?)
 Adverbs of Place/Direction (Where?)
 Adverbs of Degree (How Much?)
 Adverbs of Manner (How?)
Conjunctive Adverbs:
A conjunctive adverb connects phrases or independent clauses. It provides transitions between

ideas and shows relationships.
Conjunctive adverbs are also called connectors.
Example:
o It rained last night. Nonetheless, the final match has not been cancelled.
o We are still confused, however, if the umpires will come.
o Last season there was a great drought; consequently, we could not grow crops.
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Sentence Adverbs:
A sentence adverb starts the sentence and modifies the whole sentence.
Example:
o Hopefully, we will win the match.
o Apparently, the sky is getting cloudy.
o Certainly, I did not think of coming here.
Adverbs of Time/Frequency (When?)
Adverbs of time/frequency indicate time or frequency of the action in the sentence. They
answer the question ‘when/how frequently is the action performed?’.
Always, never, often, eventually, now, frequently, occasionally, once, forever, seldom, before,
Sunday, Monday, 10 AM, 12 PM, etc. are common adverbs of time/frequency.
Example:
o I went to school a little late yesterday.
o He always gets a good result.
o I will leave Monday.
o He smokes occasionally.
Adverbs of Place/Direction (Where?)
Adverbs of place/direction that indicate place/direction of the action in the sentence. They
answer the question ‘ where is the action performed?’.
Across, over, under, in, out, through, backward, there, around, here, sideways, upstairs, in the
park, in the field, in that place, etc. are some common adverbs of place/direction.
Example:
o I went through the jungle.
o He plays in the field.
o Alex is going to school.
o He is staying at my home.
Adverbs of Degree (How Much?)
Adverbs that express the importance/degree/level of the action in the sentence are called adverbs
of degree. They answer the question ‘how much is the action performed?’.
Completely, nearly, entirely, less, mildly, most, thoroughly, somewhat, excessively, much, etc. are
common adverbs of degree.
Example:
o She completely forgot about her anniversary.
o I read the newspaper thoroughly.
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o I am so excited about the new job.
o Robin hardly studies
Adverbs of Manner (How?)
Adverbs that express the manner/approach/process of the action in the sentence are
called adverbs of manner. They answer the question ‘how is the action performed?’.
Beautifully, equally, thankfully, carefully, handily, quickly, coldly, hotly, resentfully, earnestly,
nicely, tirelessly, etc. are common adverbs of manner. These adverbs usually end in ly.
Example:
o Let's divide the prizes equally.
o Please, handle the camera carefully.
o Mike is walking slowly.
o He is running fast.
Conjunction: Definition & Types
Conjunctions are used to join clauses, phrases, and words together for constructing sentences.
Conjunctions make a link between/among words or groups of words to other parts of the
sentence and show a relationship between/among them.
Example:
o Alex and Robin are playing together.
o Alex plays well, but Robin plays better than him.
o I play cricket, and Robin plays football.
o When he was sick, I went to see him.
Types of Conjunctions
 Coordinating Conjunctions
 Correlative Conjunctions
 Subordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions:
The job of a coordinating conjunction is to join two words, phrases, or independent clauses,
which are parallel in structure. There are seven coordinating conjunctions which are by far the
most common conjunctions: and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet.
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Example:
o We went to the stadium and enjoyed the cricket match.
o Do you want an ice cream or chocolate?
o Go away and never come back.
Correlative Conjunctions:
A correlative conjunction uses a set of words in a parallel sentence structure to show a contrast
or to compare the equal parts of a sentence. The words of correlative conjunctions have a special
connection between them.
The correlative conjunctions are not only - but also, either- or, neither - nor, both - and, not -
but, whether - or.
Example:
o Neither Alex nor Robin can play baseball.
o I want both ice cream and
o He ate not only the ice cream but also the chocolate.
Subordinating Conjunctions:
A subordinating conjunction joins elements of an unparallel sentence structure. These elements

are usually a dependent clause and an independent clause.
Most commonly used subordinating conjunctions are:
After, how, than, when, although, if, that, where, as, in order that, though, which, as much as,
inasmuch as, unless, while, because, provided, until, who/whom, before, since, what,
whoever/whomever.
Example:
o Before we left home, I had had my breakfast.
o Provided they come, we can start class Tuesday.
o When he was washing my car, I went to the store.
o Even though the weather was horrible, they still went outside.
Adversative Conjunctions:
An adversative conjunction expresses opposition or contrast between two
statements. Examples are: but, still, yet, whereas, while, nevertheless etc. The rope was thin
but it was strong. He is rich still he is unhappy.
Illative conjunctions:
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These are called illative conjunctions. Examples are: for and so. Somebody came, for I heard a
knock at the door. He must be asleep, for there is no light in his room
5 Types of Prepositions
 There are five types of prepositions in the English language.
 A preposition is a word that helps connect nouns and pronouns with a verb or adjective in a
sentence.
 The five types of prepositions are simple, double, compound, participle, and phrase
prepositions.
 Prepositional phrases contain a preposition plus a noun or pronoun.
There are five types of prepositions. They are simple, double, compound, participle,
and phrase prepositions. A preposition is used to show a relationship between
the noun, pronoun, or phrases in a sentence. They are used to connect people, objects, time,
and locations.
What is a Preposition?
The definition of a preposition is a word or phrase that connects a noun or pronoun to
a verb or adjective in a sentence. They are usually short words, and they normally are found in
front of nouns. On rare occasions, prepositions can be found in front of gerund verbs.
If the subject, noun, and verb are the bricks of sentence, then prepositions are the mortar that
connects them. They express position, movement, possession, time, and how an action is
completed.
How Many Types of Prepositions are There?
There are five types of prepositions:
 Simple preposition
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 Double preposition
 Compound preposition
 Participle preposition
 Phrase preposition
These are spoken and written quite often in English. In fact, many of us use all types of
prepositions naturally without realizing that they are distinct and have a name.
for, with, on, that, of, to
Common prepositions are also some of the shortest words | Jane Samoilova –
Shutterstock.com License
What are the Most Common Prepositions?
The Top 10 most common prepositions in the English language
are: of, with, at, from, into, during, including, until, against. These represent the most frequently
used prepositions. They are also called “simple prepositions.”
What is a Simple Type of Preposition?
Simple prepositions are the short words used to show the relationship between nouns, pronouns,
or to join parts of a clause or sentence.
List of Simple Prepositions
Here are some of the most common or simple prepositions:
Aboard about above across after against along
alongside amid among around at before behind
below beneath beside besides between beyond but
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by concerning considering despite down during except
excepting for from in inside into` like
nearof off on onto opposite out outside
over past regarding round save since
throughthroughout till to towardunder
underneathuntilunto up upon via with
within without
Examples of Simple Prepositions Used in Sentences
The dog jumped out while the car was moving.
Car is the object of the preposition out.

Dorothy came upon the Tin Man.
Upon is the preposition. Tin Man is the object.

She came home without her homework.
Homework is the object and the preposition is without.
What are Prepositions of Place?
Writers use this type of preposition to describe where something is located. There are
four Prepositions of Place. “At” describes a specific point in space. “In” describes an enclosed
space. “On” describes an object’s relationship to a surface. “By” describes an object’s proximity
to something else.
Many common prepositions are also “Prepositions of Place”. These are used to indicate a noun’s
location.
Prepositions of Place Examples
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“At”
Meet me at the library.
“In”
[example]I’m trapped in the elevator!
“On”
Is that a cat sleeping on your car?
“By”
I’ve always wanted to try that cafe by the train station.
Prepositions of Direction
If you ask “Where?”, this type of preposition is usually part of the answer. Prepositions of
Direction let you know where something is going. They indicate which direction something is
moving. There are dozens of examples, but the most common examples of Prepositions of
Direction are:
above, across, along, among, around, at, behind, below, beside, over, through, toward, up, down
, between, by, inside, in, near, past, under
“Without” is an example of a preposition of direction, a common preposition, and a simple
preposition | QuickMeme – Creative Commons License
What is a Double Preposition?
Easily form a Double Prepositions by joining two simple prepositions.
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Examples of Double Prepositions in Sentences
The dog jumped out of the moving car.
The child hid inside of the cabinet.
What is a Compound Preposition?
Double prepositions and compound prepositions are very similar. Both are two-word phrases.
The double preposition is formed through the conjunction of two simple prepositions. Whereas
the compound preposition is formed through the conjunction of a non-prepositional word and
a simple preposition.
Note: Compound prepositions can sound dated or stuffy. For readability’s sake consider attempting to
simplify the phrase.
At that point in time I didn’t know the answer.
This sentence can be simplified to:
Then, I didn’t know the answer.
or
I didn’t know the answer.
The Most Common Compound Prepositions
according to ahead of along with alongside of
apart from around about as against as between
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as compared with as compared to as for at that point in time
at this point in time at the point of at the time of because of
by force of by means of by reason of by virtue of
by way of due to during the course of except for
for fear of for lack of for the purpose of for the reason that
for the sake of from above from among from behind
from beneath from between from the point of view of
in accordance with in a manner similar to in care of
in case of in close connection with in common with
in comparison to in compliance with in connection with
on account of on behalf of on the basis of
on the part of on the point of on top of
out of outside of owing to
previous to prior to pursuant to
regardless of relating to relative to
short of similar to subsequent to
under cover of what with with a view to
with regard to with reference to with respect to
with the intention of in consequence of in consideration of
in contrast to in default of in deference to
in exchange for in excess of in favor of
in front of in lieu of in opposition to
in order to in place of in preference to
in receipt of in regard to in relation to
in search of in spite of in terms of
in the course of in the event of in the face of
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in the immediate vicinity of in the nature of independently of
inside of instead of on account of
on behalf of on the basis of on the part of
on the point of on top of out of
outside of owing to previous to
prior to pursuant to regardless of
relating to relative to short of
similar to subsequent to under cover of
what with with a view to with regard to
with reference to with respect to with the intention of
Participle Prepositions
Participle prepositions have endings such as -ed and -ing.

assuming, barring, considering, during, given, notwithstanding, provided, regarding,
and respected.
Prepositional Phrase Example Sentences
The baby cries during the day and sometimes at night.
All the children were in the classroom including the teacher.
Considering she was sick, she still put up her best times.
“Sing along” is an example of a command using a Preposition of Direction | The Bazillions
How do you identify a Prepositional Phrase?
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A prepositional phrase is a group of words that doesn’t contain a verb or a subject. It functions
as a unified part of speech. A prepositional phrase normally has a simple preposition and
a noun or a simple preposition and a pronoun.

Think of prepositional phrases as making a hamburger. You must have meat (or a protein) and
bread. A simple preposition and the object of the preposition are the basics of a prepositional
phrase.
You can jazz up your hamburger by adding cheese, grilled onions, mustard, tomatoes, etc. The
same can be done for prepositional phrases. Add adverbs and adjectives to make your sentence
more enjoyable to read.
Prepositional Phrase Examples
Prepositional phrases contain a preposition followed by an article followed by a noun.

The hamburger with cheese is yours.
Let’s spice up this sentence.
The hamburger with ooey-gooey cheese is yours.
I danced on the stage.
Next, we add more details.
I danced on the concert stage.
The puppy ran through the grass.
Adjectives make the sentence more enticing to read.
The puppy ran through the lush green grass.
Of the types of prepositions, I think simple prepositions are the easiest.
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Adding a number adjective makes the sentence for informative.
Of the five types of prepositions, I think simple prepositions are the easiest.
Phrase: Definition, Types & Examples
Phrase and clause are the most important elements of English grammar. Phrase and clause cover
everything a sentence has. Clauses are the center of sentences and phrases strengthen the
sentences to become meaningful. If the clauses are the pillars of a building, the phrases are the
bricks. A phrase usually is always present within a clause, but a phrase cannot have a clause in it.
The basic difference between a clause and a phrase is that a clause must have a finite verb and a
phrase must not.
A phrase, therefore, is a group of words which has no finite verb in it and acts to complete the
sentence for making it meaningful.
“A phrase is a small group of words that form a meaningful unit within a clause.”-Oxford
Dictionary
“In linguistic analysis, a phrase is a group of words (or possibly a single word) that
functions as a constituent in the syntax of a sentence, a single unit within
agrammatical hierarchy.”- Osborne, Timothy, Michael Putnam, and Thomas Gross (2011)
Types of Phrases
The phrases are generally of six types.
 Noun Phrase
 Adjective Phrase
 Adverbial Phrase
 Prepositional Phrase
 Conjunctional Phrase
 Interjectional Phrase
Noun Phrase
A noun phrase is usually assembled centering a single noun and works as a subject, an object or
a complement in the sentence.
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Example:
o I like to swing the bat hard when I am at the crease. (An object)
o Reading novels is a good habit. (A subject)
o The probability of happening that match is not much. (A subject)
o We are sorry for her departure.
Adjective Phrase
An adjective phrase is comprised of an adjective and works as a single adjective in the

sentence.
Example:
o Alex is a well-behaved man.
o He is a man of friendly nature.
o Julie is a woman of gorgeous style.
o She leads a very interesting life.
o A lot of people do not sleep at night.
Adverbial Phrase
An adverbial phrase modifies the verb or the adjective and works as an adverb in the sentence.
Example:
o The horse runs at a good speed.
o I was in a hurry then.
o I ran as fast as possible.
o He works very slowly.
Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase always begins with a preposition and connects nouns.

Example:
o He sacrificed his life for the sake of his country.
o In the end, we all have to die.
o He is on the way.
o By working aimlessly, you will not get success.
o In spite of working hard, he was insulted by his boss.
Note: Prepositional phrases include all other types of phrases.
Conjunctional Phrase
A conjunctional phrase works as a conjunction in the sentence.

Example:
o As soon as you got in, he went out.
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o We have to work hard so that we can win the next match.
o I will attend the ceremony provided that you come.
o John started working early in order that he could finish early.
Interjectional Phrase
Interjections that have more than one word (functioning as a single interjection) are called
the interjectional phrases.
Example:
o What a pity! He is dead.
o What a pleasure! I won the first prize.
o Oh please! Don’t say that again.
Clauses: Definition, Types & Examples
A clause is comprised of a group of words which includes a subject and a finite verb. A
clause contains only one subject and one verb. The subject of a clause can be mentioned or
hidden, but the verb must be apparent and distinguishable.
A clause “a group of words containing a subject and predicate and functioning as a

member of a complex or compound sentence.” – Merriam-Webster
Example:
o I graduated last year. (One clause sentence)
o When I came here, I saw him. (Two clause sentence)
o When I came here, I saw him, and he greeted me. (Three clause sentence)
Types of Clause
Clauses are mainly of two types:
 Independent Clause
 Dependent Clause
Independent Clause
An independent clause functions on its own to make a meaningful sentence and looks much like
a regular sentence.
In a sentence two independent clauses can be connected by the coordinators: and, but, so, or,
nor, for*, yet*.
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Example:
o He is a wise man.
o I like him.
o Can you do it?
o Do it please. (Subject you is hidden)
o I read the whole story.
o I want to buy a phone, but I don’t have enough money. (Two independent clauses)
o He went to London and visited the Lords. (Subject of the second clause is ‘he,' so “he
visited the Lords” is an independent clause.)
o Alex smiles whenever he sees her. (One independent clause)
Dependent Clause
A dependent clause cannot function on its own because it leaves an idea or thought unfinished.
It is also called subordinate clause. Dependent clauses help the independent clauses complete the
sentence. A dependent clause alone cannot form a complete sentence.
The subordinators do the work of connecting the dependent clause to another clause to complete
the sentence. In each of the dependent clause, the first word is a subordinator. Subordinators
include relative pronouns, subordinating conjunctions, and noun clause markers.
Example:
o When I was dating Daina, I had an accident.
o I know the man who stole the watch.
o He bought a car which was too expensive.
o I know that he cannot do it.
o He does not know where he was born.
o If you don’t eat, I won’t go.
o He is a very talented player though he is out of form.
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH GUIDE HSSC PART-II FIGURES OF SPEECH
Figures of Speech
Definition of Figure of Speech
A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used in a non-literal way to create an effect. This
effect may be rhetorical as in the deliberate arrangement of words to achieve something poetic,
or imagery as in the use of language to suggest a visual picture or make an idea more vivid.
Overall, figures of speech function as literary devices because of their expressive use of
language. Words are used in other ways than their literal meanings or typical manner of
application.
For example, Margaret Atwood utilizes figures of speech in her poem “you fit into me” as a
means of achieving poetic meaning and creating a vivid picture for the reader.
you fit into me
like a hook into an eye
a fish hook
an open eye
The simile in the first two lines sets forth a comparison between the way “you” fits into the poet
like a hook and eye closure for perhaps a garment. This is an example of rhetorical effect in that
the wording carefully achieves the idea of two things meant to connect to each other. In the
second two lines, the wording is clarified by adding “fish” to “hook” and “open” to “eye,” which
calls forth an unpleasant and even violent image. The poet’s descriptions of hooks and eyes are
not meant literally in the poem. Yet the use of figurative language allows the poet to express two
very different meanings and images that enhance the interpretation of the poem through contrast.
Types of Figures of Speech
The term figure of speech covers a wide range of literary devices, techniques, and other forms of
figurative language, a few of which include:
 Simile
 Metaphor
 Personification
 Paradox
 Understatement
 Metonymy
 Apostrophe
 Hyperbole
 Synecdoche
 Irony
 Pun
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 Euphemism
 Epigram
 Oxymoron
 Antithesis
 Litotes
 Alliteration
 Onomatopoeia
 Circumlocution
 Pleonasm
Common Examples of Figures of Speech Used in Conversation
Many people use figures of speech in conversation as a way of clarifying or emphasizing what
they mean. Here are some common examples of conversational figures of speech:
Hyperbole
Hyperbole is a figure of speech that utilizes extreme exaggeration to emphasize a certain quality
or feature.
 I have a million things to do.

 This suitcase weighs a ton.
 This room is an ice-box.
 I’ll die if he doesn’t ask me on a date.
 I’m too poor to pay attention.
Understatement
Understatement is a figure of speech that invokes less emotion than would be expected in
reaction to something. This downplaying of reaction is a surprise for the reader and generally has
the effect of showing irony.
 I heard she has cancer, but it’s not a big deal.

 Joe got his dream job, so that’s not too bad.
 Sue won the lottery, so she’s a bit excited.
 That condemned house just needs a coat of paint.
 The hurricane brought a couple of rain showers with it.
Paradox
A paradox is a figure of speech that appears to be self-contradictory but actually reveals

something truthful.
 You have to spend money to save it.

 What I’ve learned is that I know nothing.
 You have to be cruel to be kind.
 Things get worse before they get better.
 The only rule is to ignore all rules.
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Pun
A pun is a figure of speech that contains a “play” on words, such as using words that mean one
thing to mean something else or words that sound alike in as a means of changing meaning.
 A sleeping bull is called a bull-dozer.

 Baseball players eat on home plates.
 Polar bears vote at the North Poll.
 Fish are smart because they travel in schools.
 One bear told another that life without them would be grizzly.
Oxymoron
An oxymoron is a figure of speech that connects two opposing ideas, usually in two-word
phrases, to create a contradictory effect.
 open secret
 Alone together
 true lies
 controlled chaos
 pretty ugly
Common Examples of Figure of Speech in Writing
Writers also use figures of speech in their work as a means of description or developing
meaning. Here are some common examples of figures of speech used in writing:
Simile
Simile is a figure of speech in which two dissimilar things are compared to each other using the
terms “like” or “as.”
 She’s as pretty as a picture.

 I’m pleased as punch.
 He’s strong like an ox.
 You are sly like a fox.
 I’m happy as a clam.
Metaphor
A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two different things without the use of the terms
“like” or “as.”
 He is a fish out of water.

 She is a star in the sky.
 My grandchildren are the flowers of my garden.
 That story is music to my ears.
 Your words are a broken record.
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Euphemism
Euphemism is a figure of speech that refers to figurative language designed to replace words or
phrases that would otherwise be considered harsh, impolite, or unpleasant.
 Last night, Joe’s grandfather passed away (died).

 She was starting to feel over the hill (old).
 Young adults are curious about the birds and bees (sex).
 I need to powder my nose (go to the bathroom).
 Our company has decided to let you go (fire you).
Personification
Personification is a figure of speech that attributes human characteristics to something that is not
human.
 I heard the wind whistling.

 The water danced across my window.
 My dog is telling me to start dinner.
 The moon is smiling at me.
 Her alarm hummed in the background.
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH GUIDE HSSC PART-II REPORT WRITING
REPORT WRITING
Write down a report to the Chief Editor of Daily The News about the recent Earthquake
and its havocs in your locality.
To: The Chief Editor February 17, 2021
The Dawn, Karachi
From: A News Reporter
Subject: Earthquake and its Consequences
Respected sir,
With reference to the severity of the weather after a cold and chilly spell when all
around the country we all family members were partly sleeping. I, too, was feeling drowsy,
when all of a sudden my bed started rocking as if I As were being swung like a baby in the
cradle. The Earth behaving oddly and it was a tremor of 6.4 magnitudes on Richter scale,
which I knew later on news.
All the people in my street were rushing outside their dugouts seeking the mercy of
Allah. Some of them were prostrated and were crying for their sins. I managed to get hold of
myself and tried to call my nears and dears ones. The Earthquakes are secret messages for
those whom Allah wants to bless and forgive. Besides the onrush of the event, no physical
and tangible damage was noted.
The report is submitted for your kind consideration, please.
Truly,
Name: X.Y.Z.
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH GUIDE HSSC PART-II REPORT WRITING
Write down a report to the Deputy Commissioner of your district telling him about the
violation of Covid- 19 SOP’s in public place. Add precautionary steps and your valuable
suggestions if possible.
To: The Deputy Commissioner
District, Swabi
Dated:17/ 03/2021
From: A Citizen
Subject: Violation of Covid 19 SOP’s
Respected sir,
With reference to the critical condition of all around the globe, it has been observed
that besides public notices and awareness programs public do not take the issue of Novel
disease seriously. Hawkers, passersby, Reuters and even governmental employees do not
follow SOP’s inside or outside their workplaces. Smoking is prohibited in public places
such as bus stops, parks, waiting rooms and hotels, but still people do not bother to take it
seriously. Therefore, the threats of Corona are more severe that it had been before.
Suggestions:
Keeping in view the aforementioned it is highly recommended to fine all those who
breach the law. The must be put to lockups for a day or two so those who are vulnerable to
the disease i.e. children and aged may be kept safe.
Conclusion:
It is the duty of the state to ensure public safety at any cost. Prevention is better than
cure; hence, strict measures should be taken to ensure the use of masks and social distancing.
Those who are in the government must cooperate with the public and find out those who do
not abide by the rules and regulation.
I hope this report will ensure the safety of the masses.
Truly,
Name: X.Y.Z.
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH GUIDE HSSC PART-II ESSAY WRITING
ESSAY WRITING
1.My Aim in Life to Become a Doctor
To become A doctor is a prestigious profession these days. To become a doctor is not only a desire of
every girl but it has now become then aim of all the boys too. To become a doctor is not at all piece
of cake. If you want to be the part of this prestigious and noble profession then you have to work
very hard and you have to study for hours and even have to burn the midnight oil. Why everyone
wants to become a doctor, there are some reason of opting this ambition line:
Wish Of My Parents:
It is my utmost wish to become a doctor because it is also the dire wish of my parents too. There
cannot be a single child who can neglect the wish of her parents. Those parents will be one of the
lucky and fortunate parents whose kids will become doctors one day and that day will come when I
will be fulfilling this wish of my parents.
Desire to Help The Poor:

It is my aim to become a doctor because I have this strong desire to help the poor. It is seen that poor
do not know much about better health measures. They live in unhygienic way and face many
diseases. By becoming a doctor, I will be spreading awareness among all the poor that it is only your
health that can give the utmost happiness in your life.
Wish To Do Self Servicing:

I want to become a doctor because I have this desire to do self-servicing for all the needy and poor. If
hospitals like that of Shaukat Khanum can do the needful then such kind of more and more hospitals
should be built up and one day it will building that hospital too where free medical treatment will be
given to the poor patients.
Want To Educate That How Much Health Important Is:

I have this desire to spread this awareness and concept that health is wealth. I want to enlighten and
inform the people about this concept that it is only their health that can make them to live for ages
and ages.
Hence, it is only a matter of dedication as well as passion and hard work that can allow all the
students to become a doctor. If you are focused then you can for sure complete this aim of yours.
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2. Democracy vs. Dictatorship in Pakistan
Democracy VS. Dictatorship In Pakistan Essay: In democracy, there is a form of government, a

systematic process of working of institutions with legal frameworks formulated by the
representatives of majority. Democracy was adopted as a primary system of Pakistan, when it was
emerged as a nation on the map of World. Since the inception Pakistan, it faced many challenges for
the formation and development of democracy. Democratic rule is better for the development and
growth of the economy. Though, Pakistan was created on the basis of democracy but democracy was
diminished too many times by the power hunger persons. They manipulated the basic forms of
democracy for their personal interests and benefits.
In the following passage procedure of the selection of democratize members is given. Representative
are selected from all classes of social cluster by free and fair elections, democratic government
represents all classes of the society irrespective of their religious , ethnic and professional
background. Women’s to marginalized group people of deferent background participate in election.
In addition to this, more than one party participates in election and there is freedom of speech and
association. People gather in the form of group and canvass for their candidates and party. In the
whole procedure people should cast their votes to elect their members of National and Provincial
Assemblies.
Dictatorship
There is one party, one programming one man show in the dictatorship. Pakistan itself faced a huge
period as govern by the dictators. Initially, it was started in 1958, when the coups take over the
country leadership and dismissed the constitutional assembly. Furthermore, Pakistan faced three
major periods of dictatorship and it faced strong sanctions from the western side of the world. One
should not say that, in the Military coups Pakistan did not growth its economy. It is a fact that the
General Ayub era considered as a “Golden era” in the 68th years history of Pakistan.
In addition to this, the worse form of democracy is better than dictatorship. Only one person decides
about the fate of the people of a country. His decision is supreme and all in all. Legal, religious,
educational, economical and social policy making is in the hand of one man, his seat is only the pivot
of power in this autocratic system, only one party is allowed in this form of government.
Alongside this, the autocratic system destabilized the economy of the country. If we talk about
Pakistan, it faced three times dictatorship in its history. These autocrats molded the law of the
country for their own interests and benefits. They did not work co-heartedly for the betterment of the
country. Pakistan faced sanctions in the international community because of the panic political
scenario of the country.
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To conclude, democracy is the government of the people but dictatorship is the government of one
man. Somehow, both form of governments are suitable the scenario of Pakistan. Similarly, one
should say that the worst form of democracy is better than dictatorship. If we look at the progress of
the economy, it shows that a devastating progress in the regime of dictatorship. The politicians are
looting the wealth of the nation and not doing any progressive work for the betterment of the country.
These are the politicians who are providing ways to army man’s to take over the countries
management.
3. Impact of Terrorism on Pakistan Economy
The unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation is known as terrorism and one who
perform such activities is known as a terrorist. These types of activities always distract the
economical graph of any country especially Pakistan is a country which is facing one of the most
destructive situation of terrorism. Here I am discussing the impact of terrorism on Pakistan economy
along with its introduction, reasons, solution and conclusions. Not only government and armed forces
but also the nation of Pakistan is on the urge of war with the terrorism . From more than two decades
terrorist have killed thousands of innocent people and several hundred of soldiers and security
official have laid their lives in their cause. This curse has not only affected the humans of Pakistan in
the form of bloodshed and killing but it has also affected the economy of Pakistan negatively, which
have mad the economical conditions of the country unstable. So now, let’s have a look on these
impact of terrorism on Pakistan economy…
One of the most important reason which have affected the economy of Pakistan is that the terrorism
has restricted the foreign investment in the country as the international investments in the source of
projects and financial assistance for development of existing projects have been dramatically reduced
because the investors have taken the threat of terrorism on their investment very seriously and have
considered it unsafe to invest in Pakistan because it can affect their finance as well as their image, if
they become the victim of the terrorist attack.
Not only the foreign investors have stopped their projects and investments in Pakistan but the
residents of Pakistan and the national investors which are the part of Pakistan are also investing and
taking their money out of the country in more safe countries like UK, USA, Middle East and Europe.
This money, which is being invested outside instead of being invested in Pakistan, is causing harm to
the economy of the country, as there are less projects and investments which have restricted the job
opportunities so ultimately increase the unemployment of the country as more and more people are
getting jobless so they are not contributing in to the national gross product GNP.
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So terrorism is considered as one of the biggest threat to the economy of the country as its attack
also affected the infrastructure of many of the established businesses and production units so is
destroying the economy of the country and if this problem is no being dealt on high priorities by the
administration of the country than one might an expect more horrible and terrible affects on both the
image of the country in the international world and the economy of the country.
4. Problems of Female Education in Pakistan
Pakistan has one of the lowest literacy rates in the macrocosm. The picture of educational conditions
is grim in Pakistan. More than 40 % of young women have never shown in school. “The condition is
especially alarming in rural areas due to societal and cultural Obstacle. Specifically, in KPK and
Baluchistan women are rigorously bound by educational constraints and biases. They are mostly
involved in producing, reproductive and community work for 14-18 hours. So, in these countries, the
female literacy rate stands at 15 % and 25 %. The northern tribal regions are also strictly prohibited
the education of females on the religious basis. Those young women who go to school, their
attendance rates in primary, secondary, and post-secondary schools are more depressed than
boys.”This is a complete misconception of Islam.
In a society, like Pakistan females, comprised 49.19 of the total population of the country which is
reckoned to be massive. Brushing off the population ratio factor still being the Islamic state Pakistan
should give equal chances for the females as far as education is considered so that they perform a
critical function in the growth and betterment of the country’s economic system. Both males and
females are stimulated to acquire education not only at the basic level, but are also motivated and
encouraged to attain higher education in their respective fields of interest. The literacy rate of
females in the developed and modern cities of Pakistan, which includes Karachi, Lahore and
Islamabad compared to the rural areas, is 74.79%.
The situation of female education in the tribal areas of the country is worse because here
females do not give the right to get them educated on their own. Tribal women are not only restrained
to remain at home, but at the same time are also enforced and pressurized both emotionally and
physically. Due to this reason, the literacy rate of females in these areas of Pakistan is just as low as
7.2 % of the entire female population.
The major cause of this unfair treatment with the females regarding their education in
Pakistan, especially in rural and tribal areas is due to the conservative thinking of extremists. Such
people consider women’s education to be superfluous and pointless and are against the rules and
ordinances of Islam. This thinking must be reviewed so that the faults should be eliminated. Thus, the
females which are kept out from the education should be given equal rights so that they can make
them civilized and should later contribute to the empowerment of the national economy.
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There is a famous quote by Brigham Hill, which states
“You educate a man, you educate a man. You educate a woman, you educate a generation”
Let’s hope our future generations are in secure hands.
5. Importance of Technical Education in Pakistan
Essay on Importance of Technical Education in Pakistan. Pakistan is a developing country and in this
respect it has to be very much concerned regarding its economy so that it should be stable and their
run for development should not be affected. A country starts to grow when its imports become lesser
than their exports. The cash inflow increases and the cash outflow decreases, for that purpose major
production should be made at the country and should not be imported from the foreign countries.
Production of things requires the technical know-how of the processes and the equipment because
without it the production cannot be done. If we talk about Pakistan we are lacking in the technical
education and we are far behind in producing goods as compared to other countries as we are relying
heavily on the imports. To enhance our production we need our people and our youth to indulge
themselves in the technical field so that they can come forward and control and enhance the
production department and the production capability of our country.
So that in result we can reduce our imports and increase our exports so there should be a
positive difference between both the two cash flows. India is one major example which has grown
due to just enhancing their technical information. They have all the production units of all the major
brands at their home which have reduced their imports to almost 53%. All this has contributed in to
their GDP and their ultimate growth due to the stability of the economy.
As far as Pakistan is concerned it is very much crucial and significant that the Pakistani youth
and the upcoming students capitalize to the situational demand and adopt the opportunity to play
their role in the upbringing of the economy of our country. In that respect the initial stage is to impart
the awareness. The utmost step is to make people aware regarding the deficit and the necessity of this
field and how they can contribute to the national cause. If the awareness is imparted than the people
will be attracted automatically. The next major phase is to establish technical institutes and schools
which can facilitate the students with quality and productive information and education.
This will increase the interest of people in this field which is not that much popular amongst
the nation as the other fields like medical and engineering are. So if Pakistan gets successful in
attracting and diverting its nation towards this field; which is the field of technology than Pakistan
can reduce their imports and will be able to start their own production of numerous products and
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brands. There is no doubt that the upcoming century is the century of technology and for the survival
in the competitive world Pakistan has to bring this change and mind shift if they want to become a
developed country and to stand besides many developed countries of the World on the large scale.
6. Importance of English Language in Pakistan

In some of the countries including Pakistan, English Language is mainly taken as the
means of best communication. This is the main reason that almost all the countries adding with
Pakistan is making the best use of the English Language just for getting into communication with rest
of the world. In simple Pakistan is taking English Language as the main berried for the
communication with rest of the world.
Hence English Language plays one of the vital roles in the development of the whole nation towards
the brighter future. In many countries of the world such as USA and UK, English Language is
considered to be the main national official language. This is the main reason that today they are
developing so much in each and every single corner of the world. This is the main factor that
Pakistan is trying hard to make the English Language as part of their language so that they can walk
shoulder to shoulder with other developed countries.
English Language plays one of the important role for the people of Pakistan. It is not just vital in the
personal grooming but it is even found to be the best one in the development of the nation. If the
Pakistan wants to increase its trade and mechanism then it is important that they should make them
experienced and confident enough.
So all the people of Pakistan if you want to move ahead in bright future then start learning English
Language right now!
7. Mobile Phone Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of Mobile Phone:
There are a number of advantages of Mobile Phone which we are going to discuss below in detail.
 One of the most useful advantages of using Mobile Phone is communication, with the invention of
mobile phone we are able to communicate from one place to another place of the world easily
within seconds or minutes.
 With the help of mobile phone, we are able to keep data within our pocket and easily extract when
needed instead of maintaining contact and further data on the register or a diary.
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 The smartphone is helpful by providing internet to their users, now you can easily download your
favorite apps on mobile instead of going market to purchase them. There are so many beneficial
apps are easily available on your smartphone
 Calculator, torch, calendar, and alarm are one of the useful things which are supremely helpful for
students to make schedules and plans in order to work on time.
Mobile Phone Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Disadvantages of Mobile Phone:
Everything in this world bears some advantages and disadvantages similarly a Mobile Phone has also
some advantages as well as disadvantages which we are going to discuss below in detail.
 Using mobile harms the ability and efficiency of your brain. Continuous use of Mobile Phone n
daily basis and weakens your ability of the brain to work well and may involve in following
diseases such as blood-brain barrier, dizziness, and ear problems.
 Many scientists also proves that the radiations emitting from mobile phone are very harmful and
most cause of cancer if one will us mobile phone 1
 Most of the people who use computer become addicted to games, facebook, and other social media
and toll may distract the users.
 Use of Mobile Phone late at night harms your sleeping schedule and ultimately their user suffers
from a sleep disorder which leads to so many health complications.
 Due to keeping personal data and images on a mobile phone there is always a threat of hacking and
blacking in which cybercrime is one of the leading crimes falls.
 We can say that the reason for most of the accidents on roads is only used to using mobile phones
while driving.
 Too much attractive SMS, call and Internet packages addict’s user to sue for undue friendships on
Facebook and other social networks which are running on mobile phones.
This was the essay about mobile phone advantages and disadvantages essay For Matric, Inter and
Graduation students. You can prepare this essay for your examination. While in case of any further
preparation of essay for your exams you can get from this website.
8. Advantages and disadvantages of internet for students

Here in this post I have all discussed about the advantages and disadvantages of internet for students.
Internet is one of the biggest creating of the 21 st century and it has brought a lot of benefits to the
entire world on all the aspects. Everything has two sides one which is the positive side and the other
is the negative side, it depends upon the users of that feature that whether they want to use it is
positive manner which will bring them reimbursements and benefited outcomes or they want it to use
in negative manner which will waste their time and resources. Internet is also one of those facilities
which have both adverse and advantageous results depend upon the usage of the user. Internet has
millions of benefits for the users only if it is being used positively, internet is the source of
information throughout the world, and you can find any information regarding any topic or aspect on
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internet which can assist you in accomplishing any task or enhancing your knowledge. News
regarding everything happening in the world can be brought to your desktop with just a single click
which makes you exposed to all the information regarding the world. Internet is one of the biggest
source which have resulted in the making the world a global village this is because it has connected
everyone which were far apart on the geographical scale.
The mode of communication has become more feasible and economical through this facility
as now people can get connected to their relatives and friends away from them in different cities and
even countries. One of the most significant need of the people are their social needs they are willing
to get socialized and internet has provided them the source through the which they can get connected
to the social world, through internet one can get connected to several social portals and websites.
But if this heavenly facility is being used negatively it can be devastating and disastrous, as it has
been reported that cyber-crimes and internet hacking has increased and is being penetrated in the
youth of the world. Bank robberies and online frauds have been increased due to the negative and
unproductive usage of internet and the assisting features. There are other un ethical activities in
which the people have involved themselves on the internet which includes the pornography; as
internet has open the gates for the people of every age to visits such sites which contains adult
contents which is dangerous for the youngster as their concentrations are diverted towards such
activities which have increase the underage sex and rape incidents all over the world.
Internet is a very affective source and it should be used or for the productive reasons through which
the individual can enhance their knowledge and scope and should be benefited from this blessing
instead of using it unproductively and making it a curse rather than a blessing.
9. Importance of Science and Technology in Our Daily Life
Importance Of Science And Technology In Our Daily Life Essay: Science and Technology are
the most two important field of our life and are closely associated with our everyday life. We are
living in the world of Science and Technology. The man has gained success and is progressing only
through science and technology. With the help, we science we are able to discover new technologies
and inventions. Undoubtedly with the help of science and technology, we are able to make our life
easy and comfortable. Here below we are going to discuss the importance of science and technology
in our daily life and how both of they play a vital role and being the necessity of our life.
Science and technology make of life easy in sense of traveling. In ancient times we travel on horses,
mules, and camels and even on foot through miles but science had made our life easy and smooth.
Science made so many facilities of traveling such as for air transportation we can easily travel on
aero plans for sea transportation ships are available, for road transportation we can easily travel
through car buses trucks etc. no traveling is very ear any fast even we can cover a long distance in
minutes even hours or days.
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Telecommunications are also one of the best and leading invention of Technology which almost 99%
makes our work easier and faster. We are now fully able to send and convey our message within
seconds and minutes by means of telecommunication. The Internet has makes our life smooth and
easier than that of bookish knowledge. Almost everything’s knowledge of the world, we can easily
find out on the internet within seconds. Social media is also playing a vital role in our lives and best
source of entertainment.
Mobiles, telephones cameras, and television are also referred to those inventions of science and
technology which are using in our daily life. With the help of mobile phone, we are able to talk with
our loved ones too far of places easily within minutes. The camera is one of the wonders of science,
with the help of which we can easily capture the happy moments of our life. Television is also
considered one of the marvelous invention of science and technology from which we are able to see
far of events on a distance of few meters on the television screen, we can easily up to date with the
latest news and events happening in the other corner of the world.
Importance of Science and Technology in Our Daily Life Essay

The most important benefit of Science and Technology is the luxury or comfort of life. How we can
forget it. The human effort has automatically reduced the invention of machines which are we using
in our industrial sector. The computer is also one of the leading inventions of technology and is using
in almost every field of life on daily basis. The home base appliances that are using in houses are the
successful result of our effects in the field of Science and Technology.
In short Science and Technology are the most important element of our life and are closely
associating with each other. Everything in this world comprises of some advantages and
disadvantages similarly some of the inventions we made form science and technology also have
some negative effects but if we can use it positively we can lead the world to the right path. We can
proudly say that the Science and Technology made our life easy in every respect.
So this is the importance of science and technology in our daily life essay. Students of Matric and
intermediate as well as the graduation can prepare this essay for exams purpose. I suggest you that
you must add your own passage and ideas in this essay so that you can write a unique essay which is
good for marks obtaining.
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH GUIDE HSSC PART-II SYNONYMS & ANTONMS
Spelling Bee: Words List
Acquiescence Patriarchal Hierarchy Perseverance Epitome Debut
Choreography Special thorough Wednesday Disastrous Ecstasy
Mediocre Sovereignty Judiciary Antenna Pendulum Entrepreneur
Clichés Solemn Debt Champagne Column Pneumonia
Miscellaneous Susceptible Available Government Commitment Treacherous
SchizophreniaSergeant Tyranny Vacuum Straight Trough
Tough Schedule Electrician Pseudonym Accommodation Indicted
HandkerchiefWriggle Pursuit Scholar Ketchup Ninety
Grateful Explanation Precaution Occupation Piety Queue
Quinine Phoenix Esophagus Luggage Enzyme Camouflage
Demagogue Gauge Plague Typhoid Mischievous Criterion
Commission Locomotive Peninsula Superintendent Invigilator Alleviate
Osteoporosis Moustache Rendezvous Tableau Bureau Flamboyant
Opaque Judgment Interchangeable Discipline Epoch Decorum
Ointment Apostle Cache Memory Sloth Sigh Dryer
Nymph Audacious Goitre Centre Reign Wallet
Nausea Tertiary Adieu Crotchet Embroidery Mystique
Mayonnaise Surveillance Fatigue Repertoire Chagrin Bureaucracy
Croquette Rogue Renaissance Badge Choir Machinery
Hyperbole Synecdoche Reconnoiter Proprietor Reckon Oblique
Liaison Etiquette Rhythm Conscientiously Czechoslovakia Suspicion
Superstition Chameleon Voyeur Vague Ecclesiastical Nautical
Seismology Scheme Funeral Silhouette Wrestling Phlegm
Humorous Leisure Maneuver Perseverance Occasionally Questionnaire
Geyser Demeanor Seizure Dementia Substantial Brochure
Mnemonics Gestures Glycerin Pathetic Exceptional Excel
Fascinate Occurrence Mysterious Pigeon Glacier Pediatrician
Exertion Massachusetts Grease Omelette Cigarette Parachute
Equilibrium Emphasis Crotch Lyceum Hypnotism February
Embarrass Chivalry Voluptuous Guarantee Dengue Tsunami
Elixir Luxurious Inertia Finite Committee Massacre
Dodge Cruise Missile Doughnut Dough Feasible
Nourishment Entertainment Hydraulic Turbine Electricity Travelogue
Symphony Epitome Résumé Automobile Reservoir Texture
Recruitment Casino Extinguish Choir Cholesterol Diesel
Deodorant Bonnet Pomegranate Circuit Pauper Measles
Deceit Appropriately Necessity Deficiency Desert Lead
Critique Chauffeur Restaurant Fiancée Souvenir Boutique
Pronunciation Beautician Acceleration Conscience Pharaoh Avalanche
Orchestra Oviparous Mountaineer Besiege Tantrum Marijuana
Crescent Fluorescent Resuscitate Coulomb Xerox Siesta
Christmas Wrath Vogue Typhoon Pizza Jaundice
Chocolate Tuition Intuitive Irreparable Plateau Pleasure
Cemetery Rhythm Playwright Millennium Descendant Discernable
Gourmet Bouquet Muscle Receipt Knead Subtle
Canoe Exhibition Conveyer Employee Meadow Crucial
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Calamity Squirrel Onomatopoeia Millionaire Eccentric Wrinkle
Bruise Weight Island Aisle Slaughter Pledge
Bough Sausage Saucer Aero plane Hippopotamus Rhinoceros
Beginning Solace Malice Piece Raspberry harassment
Autumn Knuckle Parliament Monarch Corrigendum Benign
Asparagus Fissure Duodenum Insignia Intelligentsia Gonorrhea
Adolescent Quintessential Masseur Stupendous Diarrhea Connoisseur
Quotation Precocious Precaution Ridiculous Simultaneous Antebellum
Kneel Oasis Bibliography Graphite Vendetta Feud
Vignette Malaise Adjudicate Jurisprudence Rhetoric Maneuver
Negotiation Sleight Mischievous Millennium Magistrate Unfathomable
Affidavit Manageable Remittance Boundaries Mnemonic Thieves
Indigestible Shielded Instantaneously Preposterous
************************
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SYNOYMS & ANTOYNMS LIST
S# Word Synonyms Antonym

1 Acumen Awareness, brilliance Stupidity, Ignorance
2 Adhere Comply, Observe Condemn, disjoin
3 Abolish Abrogate, annul Setup, establish
4 Abash Disconcert, rattle Uphold, discompose
5 Abound Flourish, proliferate Deficient, Destitute
6 Abate Moderate, decrease Aggravate
7 Abject Despicable, servile Commendable, Praiseworthy
8 Abjure Forsake, renounce Approve, Sanction
9 Abortive Vain, Unproductive Productive
10 Absolve Pardon, forgive Compel, Accuse
11 Accord Agreement, harmony Discord
12 Acrimony Harshness, bitterness Courtesy, Benevolence
13 Adamant Stubborn, inflexible Flexible, soft
14 Adherent Follower, discipline Rival, Adversary
15 Adjunct Joined, added Separated, subtracted
16 Admonish Counsel, reprove Approve, Applaud
17 Adversity Misfortune, calamity Prosperity, Fortune
18 Alien Foreigner, outsider Native, Resident
19 Allay Pacify, soothe Aggravate, Excite
20 Alleviate Abate, relieve Aggravate, enhance
21 Allure Entice, fascinate Repulse, repel
22 Ascend Climb, escalate Descend, Decline
23 Amplify Augment, deepen Lesson, contract
24 Audacity Boldness, courage Mildness, cowardice
25 Authentic Accurate, credible Fictitious, unreal
26 Awkward Rude, blundering Adroit, clever
27 Axiom Adage, tourism Absurdity, blunder
28 Baffle Astound, faze Facilitate, clarify
29 Bewitching Alluring, charming Repulsive, repugnant
30 Bleak Grim, Austere Bright, pleasant
31 Brittle Breakable, crisp Tough, enduring
32 Bustle Commotion, tumult Slowness, quiet
33 Barbarous Frustrate, perplex Civilized
34 Baroque Florid, gild Plain, unadorned
35 Barren Desolate, sterile Damp, fertile
36 Barrier Barricade, obstacle Link, assistance
37 Base Vulgar, coarse Summit, noble
38 Bawdy Erotic, coarse Descent, moral
39 Befogged Becloud, dim Clear headed, uncloudy
40 Benevolent Benign, generous Malevolent, Miserly
41 Bind Predicament Release
42 Blunt Dull, insensitive Keen, sharp
43 Boisterous Clamorous, rowdy Placid, calm
44 Busy Active, Engaged Idle, Lazy
45 Calculating Canny, Devious Artless, honest
46 Calamity Adversity, misfortune Fortune
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47 Callous obdurate, unfeeling Compassionate, Tender
51. Calamity adversity, misfortune Fortune
52. Callous obdurate, unfeeling Compassionate, Tender
53. Calumny defamation, aspersion Commendation, Praise
54. Capable competent, able Incompetent, Inept
55. Captivate Charm, fascinate Disillusion offend
56. Captivity imprisonment, confinement Freedom, Liberty
57. Cease terminate, desist Begin, Originate
58. Chaste virtuous, pure Sullied, Lustful
59. Chastise punish, admonish Cheer, encourage
60. Compassion kindness, sympathy Cruelty, Barbarity
51. Calamity adversity, misfortune Fortune
52. Callous obdurate, unfeeling Compassionate, Tender
53. Calumny defamation, aspersion Commendation, Praise
54. Capable competent, able Incompetent, Inept
55. Captivate Charm, fascinate Disillusion offend
56. Captivity imprisonment, confinement Freedom, Liberty
57. Cease terminate, desist Begin, Originate
58. Chaste virtuous, pure Sullied, Lustful
59. Chastise punish, admonish Cheer, encourage
60. Compassion kindness, sympathy Cruelty, Barbarity
61. Comprise include, contain Reject, lack
62. Concede yield, permit Deny, reject
63. Concur approve, agree Differ, disagree
64. Consent agree, permit Object Disagree
65. Consequence effect, outcome Origin, Start
66. Consolidate solidify, strengthen Separate, Weaken
67. Conspicuous prominent, obvious Concealed, hidden
68. Contempt scorn, disregard Regard, Praise
69. Contradict deny, oppose Approve, Confirm
70. Contrary dissimilar, conflicting Similar, Alike
71. Calm Harmonious, unruffled Stormy, turbulent
72. Callous Insensitive, indurated Kind, merciful
73. Camouflage Cloak, disguise Reveal
74. Candid Blunt, bluff Evasive
75. Captivate Beguile, bewitch Repel
76. Carnal Earthly, fleshly Spiritual
77. Catholic Generic, liberal Narrow- minded
78. Celebrated Acclaimed, lionized Unknown, Inglorious
79. Cement Plaster, mortar Disintegrate
80. Censure Rebuke, reprimand Praise, Acceptance
82. Clandestine Covert, fruitive Open, Legal
83. Classic Simple, Typical Romantic, Unusual
84. Coarse Bawdy, Boorish Fine, Chaste
85. Comic Clown, Jester Tragic, tragedian
86. Compact Bunched, thick Loose, Diffuse
87. Compress Abbreviate, Shrink Amplify, Expand
88. Conceit Egotism, Immodesty Modesty
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89. Concord Agreement, accord Discord
90. Condemn Castigate, Chide Approve, Praise
91 Confident Bold, Undaunted Diffident, cowardly
92. Consolidate Centralize, Fortify Weaken

93. Courtesy Generosity, Reverence Disdain, Rudeness
94. Creation Formation, foundation Destruction
95. Cunning Acute, Smart Nave, Coarse
96. Decay Collapse, decompose Flourish, Progress
97. Deceit deception, artifice Veracity, Sincerity
98. Decipher interpret, reveal Misinterpret, distort
99. Defile contaminate, pollute Purify, sanctity
100. Defray spend, pay Disclaim, Repudiate
101. Deliberate cautious, intentional Rash, Sudden
102. Demolish Ruin, devastate Repair, construct
103. Deprive despoil, divest Restore, Renew
104. Deride mock, taunt Inspire, Encourage
105. Disdain detest, despise Approve, praise
106. Dissuade Remonstrate, Counsel Insite, Persuade
107. Denounce Blame, boycott Defend
108. Dense Opaque, piled Sparse, brainy
109. Derogatory Sarcastic, critical Laudatory, appreciative
110. Despair Depression, misery Contentment, Hope
111. Destructive Catastrophic, pernicious Creative, Constructive
112. Docile Pliable, pliant Headstrong, obstinate
113. Dwarf Diminutive, Petite Huge, Giant
114. Eager Keen, acquisitive Indifferent, apathetic
115. Eclipse Diminution, Dimming Shine, eclipse
116. Eccentric strange, abnormal Natural, Conventional
117. Ecstasy delight, exultation Despair, Calamity
118. Efface destroy, obliterate Retain, Maintain
119. Eloquence expression, fluency Halting, Stammering
120. Encumbrance hindrance, obstacle Incentive, stimulant
121. Endeavour undertake, aspire Cease, quit
122. Enormous colossal, mammoth Diminutive, negligible
123. Epitome precise, example Increment, expansion
124. Equivocal uncertain, hazy Obvious, lucid
125. Eradicate destroy, exterminate Secure, plant
126. Fabricate construct, produce Destroy, Dismantle
127. Fallacy delusion, mistake Veracity, Truth
128. Falter stumble, demur Persist, Endure
129. Fanatical narrow-minded, biased Liberal, Tolerant
130. Feeble weak, frail Strong, Robust
131. Ferocious cruel, fierce Gentle, Sympathetic
132. Feud strife, quarrel Harmony, fraternity
133. Fluctuate deflect, vacillate Stabilize, resolve
134. Forsake desert, renounce Hold, maintain
62 | P a g e
135. Fragile weak, infirm Enduring, Tough
136. Frantic violent, agitated Subdued, gentle
137. Frivolous petty, worthless Solemn, significant
138. Frugality economy, providence Lavishness, extravagance
139. Gather Converge, huddle Disperse, Dissemble
140. Gloom obscurity, darkness Delight, mirth
141. Glut stuff, satiate Starve, abstain
142. Gorgeous magnificent, dazzling Dull, unpretentious
143. Gracious courteous, beneficent Rude, Unforgiving
144. Grisly disgusting, atrocious Pleasing, attractive
145. Grudge hatred, aversion Benevolence, Affection
146. Guile cunning, deceit Honesty, frankness
147. Generosity Altruism, bounty Stinginess, greed
148. Genuine Absolute, Factual Spurious
149. Gloomy Bleak, cloudy Gay, Bright
150. Glory Dignity, renown Shame, Disgrace
151. Hamper retard, prevent Promote, facilitate
152. Hapless unfortunate, ill-fated Fortunate, Lucky
153. Harass irritate, molest Assist, comfort
154. Haughty arrogant, pompous Humble, Submissive
155. Hazard Peril, danger Conviction, security
156. Heretic non-conformist, secularist Conformable, religious
157. Hideous frightful, shocking Attractive, alluring
158. Hamstrung Cripple Debilitate Strengthen, Encourage
159. Harmony Conformity, Amicability Discord, discord
160. Hasty Abrupt, Impetuous Leisurely, Cautious
161. Honor Adoration, Reverence Denunciation, Shame
162. Humble Meek, Timid Proud, Assertive
163. Humility Resignation, Fawning Boldness, Pride
164. Hypocrisy Deception, Pharisaism Sincerity, frankness
165. Impenitent Uncontrite, Obdurate Repentant
166. Impulsive Flaky, Impetuous Cautious, Deliberate
167. Indifferent Equitable, Haughty Partial, Biased
168. Indigent Destitute, Impoverished Rich, Affluent
169. Infernal Damned, Accursed Heavenly,
170. Insipid Tedious, Prosaic Pleasing, appetizing
171. Interesting Enchanting, Riveting Dull, Uninteresting
172. Immaculate unsullied, spotless Defiled, Tarnished
173. Immense huge, enormous Puny, Insignificant
174. Immerse submerge, involve Emerge, uncover
175. Imminent impending, brewing Distant, Receding
176. Immunity prerogative, privilege Blame, Censure
177. Impair diminish, deteriorate Restore, Revive
178. Impartial just, unbiased Prejudiced, Biased
179. Impediment hurdle, obstruction Assistant, Concurrence
180. Impious irreligious, unholy Pious, Devout
181. Impute attribute, ascribe Exculpate, support
182. Inclination disposition, affection Indifference, Disinclination
63 | P a g e
183. Incompetent inefficient, unskilled Dexterous, Skilled
184. Incongruous inappropriate, absurd Compatible, harmonious
185. Inevitable unavoidable, ascertained Unlikely, Doubtful
186. Infringe violate, encroach Comply, Concur
187. Ingenuous undisguised, naive Wily, Craftly
188. Insinuate allude, hint Conceal, Camouflage
189. Insipid tasteless, vapid Delicious, luscious
190. Insolvent indigent, destitute Wealthy, solvent
191. Instill inculcate, inject Eradicate, extract
192. Intricate tangled, complicated Regulated, Orderly
193. Intrigue scheme, conspiracy Candor, Sincerity
194. Intrinsic genuine, fundamental Extraneous, incidental
195. Invective accusation, censure Approval, acclamation
196. Invincible unconquerable, impregnable Effeminate, languid
197. Irrepressible irresistible, unconfined Composed, hesitant
198. Immaculate Exquisite, Impeccable Defiled, Tarnished
199. Jaded tired, exhausted Renewed, recreated
200. Jejune dull, boring Interesting, exciting
201. Jovial frolicsome, cheerful Solemn, morose
202. Jubilant rejoicing, triumphant Melancholy, depressing
203. Judicious thoughtful, prudent Irrational, foolish
204. Just honest, impartial Unequal, unfair
205. Justify defend, exculpate Impute, arraign
206. Juvenile young, tender Dotage, antiquated
207. Keen sharp, poignant Vapid, insipid
208. Kindred relation, species Unrelated, dissimilar
209. Knave dishonest, scoundrel Paragon, innocent
210. Knell death knell, last blow Reconstruction, rediscovery
211. Knotty complicated difficult Simple, manageable
212. Lavish abundant, excessive Scarce, deficient
213. Lax slack, careless Firm, reliable
214. Lenient compassionate, merciful Cruel, severe
215. Liable accountable, bound Unaccountable, apt to
216. Liberal magnanimous, generous Stingy, malicious
217. Linger loiter, prolong Hasten, quicken
218. Lucid sound, rational Obscure, hidden
219. Lunacy delusion, insanity Normalcy, sanity
220. Lure attract, entice Repel, dissuade
221. Luscious palatable, delicious Unsavory, tart
222. Luxuriant profuse, abundant Scanty, meagre
223. Languid Sluggish, apathetic Energetic, spirited
224. Malice Vengefulness, grudge Goodwill, Kindness
225. Mandatory Imperative, requisite Optional
226. Masculine Gallant, strapping Feminine, meek
227. Merit Stature, Asset Demerit, dishonour
228. Miraculous marvelous, extraordinary Ordinary, trivial
229. Mitigate alleviate, relieve Augment enhance
230. Modest humble, courteous Arrogant, pompous
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231. Molest harass, tease Console, soothe
232. Mollify appease, assuage Irritate, infuriate
233. Momentous notable, eventful Trivial, insignificant
234. Monotonous irksome, tedious Varied, pleasant
235. Morbid Nasty, Macabre Healthy, Cheerful
236. Munificent liberal, hospitable Frugal, penurious
237. Murky dusky, dreary Bright, shining
238. Mutinous recalcitrant, insurgent Submissive, faithful
239. Mutual joint, identical Separate, distinct
240. Niggardly miser, covetous Generous, profuse
241. Nimble prompt, brisk Sluggish, languid
242. Nonchalant indifferent, negligent Attentive, considerate
243. Novice tyro, beginner Veteran, ingenious
244. Noxious baneful, injurious Healing, profitable
245. Nullify cancel, annual Confirm, Uphold
246. Notion Conceit, Apprehension Reality, Concrete
247. Numerous profuse, various Scarce, deficient
248. Obstruct impede, prevent Hasten, encourage
249. Obliging Complaisant, Willing Mulish, Obstinate
250. Obscure Arcane, Vague Prominent
251. Obstinate Stubborn, Adamant Pliable, flexible
252. Obtain Access, Inherit Forfeit
253. Obvious Evident, apparent Obscure, ambiguous
254. Odious Malevolent, obnoxious Engaging, fascinating
255. Offensive Abhorrent, obnoxious Engaging, fascinating
256. Occult latent, ambiguous Intelligible, transparent
257. Offspring descendant, sibling Ancestor, forefather
258. Ominous Menacing, Foreboding Auspicious
259. Opaque obscure, shady Transparent, bright
260. Optimist Idealist Pessimist
261. Oracular cryptic, vague Lucid, distinct
262. Ordain Order, impose Revoke abolish
263. Ornamental decorative, adorned Unseemly, plain
264. Outbreak eruption, insurrection Compliance, subjection
265. Outrage offence, maltreatment Praise, favour
266. Pacify Appease, Chasten Irritate, worsen
267. Persuade Cajole, Impress Dissuade, halt
268. Perturbed Flustered, anxious Calm
269. Propagate Inseminate, fecundate Suppress, deplete
270. Progress Pace, Betterment Retrogress, worsening
271. Prompt Precise, Punctual Slow, Negligent
272. Prudence Vigilance, Discretion Indiscretion
273. Pamper Flatter, indulge Deny, disparage
274. Paramount foremost, eminent Trivial, inferior
275. Peerless matchless, unrivalled Mediocre, commonplace
276. Peevish perverse, sullen Suave, amiable
277. Pertness flippancy, impudence Modesty, diffidence
278. Perverse petulant, obstinate Complacent, docile
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279. Placid tranquil, calm Turbulent, hostile
280. Pompous haughty, arrogant Unpretentious, humble
281. Precarious doubtful, insecure Assured
282. Predicament plight, dilemma Resolution, confidence
283. Quack Impostor, deceiver Upright, unfeigned
284. Quaint Queer, strange Familiar, usual
285. Quarantine seclude, screen Befriend, socialize
286. Quell subdue, reduce Exacerbate, agitate
288. Quibble equivocate, prevaricate Unfeign, plain
289. Raid Incursion, Foray Retreat, release
290. Rapidity Quickness, Velocity Inertia, languidity
291. Reason Acumen, Bounds Folly, Speculation
292. Rebellious Restless, attacking Submissive, Compliant
293. Rectify Amend, Remedy Falsify, Worsen
294. Reluctant Cautious, Averse anxious, Eager
295. Restrain Detain, Confine Incite
296. Ratify consent, approve Deny, dissent
297. Ravage Destroy, ruin Reconstruct, renovate
298. Redeem Recover, liberate Conserve lose
299. Remnant Residue, piece Entire, whole
300. Remonstrate Censure, protest Agree, loud
301. Remorse Regret, penitence Ruthlessness, obduracy
302. Rescind Annul, abrogate Delegate, permit
303. Resentment Displeasure, wrath Content, Cheer
304. Retract Recant, withdraw Confirm, assert
305. Reverence Respect, esteem Disrespect, affront
306. Rout Vanquish, overthrow Succumb, withdraw
307. Rustic Rural, uncivilized Cultured, Refined
308. Ruthless Remorseless, inhumane Compassionate, lenient
309. Sacred Cherish, Divine Ungodly, Profane
310. Savage Wild, untamed Polished, Civilized
311. Startled Frightened, Shocked Waveringly
312. Steep Course, lofty Flat, gradual
313. Stranger Immigrant, guest Acquaintance, national
314. Sublime Magnificent, eminent Ridiculous
315. Succinct Concise, Terse Lengthy, polite
316. Sympathy Tenderness, harmony Antipathy, Discord
317. System Scheme, Entity Chaos, Disorder
318. Sarcastic Ironical, derisive Courteous, gracious
319. Saucy Impudent, insolent Modest, humble
320. Shrewd Cunning, craftly Simple, imbecile
321. Scanty scarce, insufficient Lavish, multitude
322. Servile Slavish, Docile Aggressive, Dominant
323. Shabby miserable, impoverished Prosperous, thriving
324. Slander defame, malign Applaud, approve
325. Sneer mock, scorn Flatter, praise
326. Solicit entreat, implore Protest oppose
327. Subterfuge Deceit, Stratagem Frankness, Openness
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328. Stain blemish, tarnish Honor, purify
329. Spurious Fake, Counterfeit Genuine, Authentic
330. Sporadic intermittent, scattered Incessant, frequent
331. Spry Nimble, Brisk Lethargic, Sluggish
332. Squalid dirty, filthy Tidy, Attractive
333. Successful Propitious, Felicitous Destitute, Untoward
334. Sterile Barren, Impotent Profitable, Potent
335. Stupor lethargy, unconsciousness Sensibility, Consciousness
336. Subsequent consequent, following Preceding, previous
337. Substantial Considerable, solid Tenuous, fragile
338. Subvert Demolish, sabotage Generate, organize
339. Superficial Partial, shallow Profound, discerning
340. Sycophant Parasite, flatterer Devoted, loyal
341. Taboo Prohibit, ban Permit, consent
342. Taciturn Reserved, silent Talkative, extrovert
343. Tedious Wearisome. Irksome Exhilarating, lively
344. Temperate Cool, moderate Boisterous, violent
345. Tenement Apartment, Digs Breakeven, dislodge
346. Tenacious Stubborn, Dodge Docile, non- resinous
347. Throng Assembly, crowd Dispersion, sparsity
348. Timid Diffident, coward Bold, intrepid
349. Tranquil Peaceful, composed Violent, furious
350. Transient Temporal, transitory Lasting, enduring
351. Trenchant Assertive, forceful Feeble, ambiguous
352. Treacherous Dishonest, duplicitous Forthright, reliable
353. Trivial Trifling, insignificant Significant, veteran
354. Tumultuous Violent, riotous Peaceful, harmonious
355. Tyro Beginner, riotous Proficient, veteran
356. Tame Compliant, Subdued Wild, untamed
357. Terse Incisive, Compact Diffuse, Gentle
358. Thick Chunky, massive Thin, attenuated
359. Thrifty Frugal, prudent Extravagant
360. Tranquil Amicable, Calm Agitated, Fierce
361. Transparent Diaphanous Opaque
362. Tremble Vibrate Steady
363. Uncouth Awkward, ungraceful Elegant, Compensate
364. Utterly Completely, entirely Deficiently, incomplete
365. Umbrage Chagrin, offense Sympathy, goodwill
366. Uncouth Boorish, Clownish Elegant, Compensate
367. Urchin Foundling, Orphan Creep, Knave
368. Urge Incite, Implore Abhorrence, Abomination
369. Vain Arrogant, egoistic Modest
370. Vagrant Wander, roaming Steady, settled
371. Valor Bravery, prowess Fear, cowardice
372. Vanity Conceit, pretension Modesty, Humility
373. Venerable Esteemed, honoured Unworthy, immature
374. Venom Poison, malevolence Antidote, Benevolent
375. Veteran Ingenious, experienced Novice, tyro
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376. Vicious Corrupt, obnoxious Noble, Virtuous
377. Vigilant Cautious, alert Careless, negligent
378. Vivacious Spirited, Energetic Dispirited, Unattractive
379 Vilify Malign, Slur, Defame Cherish, Commend
380. Vouch Confirm, consent Repudiate, prohibit
381. Virtue Ethic, morality Vice, dishonesty
382. Vivid Eloquent, lucid Dull, Dim
383. Waive Relinquish, remove Impose, Clamp
384. Wan Pale, faded Bright, healthy
385. Wane Decline, Dwindle Ameliorate, Rise
386. Wary cautious, circumspect Heedless, negligent
387. Wed marry, combine Divorce, Separate
388. Wicked vicious, immoral Virtuous, Noble
389. Wield Exert, employ Forgo, avoid
390. Wile Trickery, Artifice Naivety, honour
391. Winsome Beautiful, Comely Alluring, Rapturous
392. Wilt wither, perish Revive, bloom
393. Yell shout, shriek Whisper muted
394 Yield surrender abdicate Resist, protest
395. Yearn languish, crave Content, satisfy
396. Yoke connect, harness Liberate, Release
397. Zeal eagerness, fervour Apathy, lethargy
398. Zenith summit, apex Nadir, base
399. Zest delight, enthusiasm Disgust, passive
400. Zig –zag oblique, wayward Straight, unbent
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MANJAANBAZAM ENGLISH GUIDE HSSC PART-II Paper Pattern
ENGLISH COMPULSORY HSSC-II

Time allowed: 25 Minutes
NOTE: Section-A is compulsory. All parts of this section are to be answered on the
questions paper itself. It should be completed in the first 25 minutes and handed over to
the Centre superintendent. Deleting/overwrite is not allowed. Do not use lead pencil.
SECTION-A (Marks 20)
Q-1 Encircle the correct option I.e. A/B/C/D .Each part carries one mark.
1. This sermon,the Holy Prophet deliveredon the….day of Dulhijjah.
A) first B) second C) third D.ninth
2. Muhammad Ali Jinnah,s…..August speech is one of the most famous speeches.
A) 9th B) 10th C) 11th D) 12th
3. The poem”The Blades of Grass’’ is written by ……..
A) Blake B.Wordworth C)Shakespear D) Stephen Cranes
4. Choose the correct spelling.
A) Mediocre B) midiocre C) mediacre D) mediocar
5. An Adjective is a word use to add something to the meaning of ……
A. Pronoun B. Noun C. Adverb D .adjective
6. The horse never kicks. The underlined word is a/an
A) Transitive verb B) intransitive verb C) adverb D) adjective
7. According the lesson .I have a dream what were the Negroes of America
deprived of?
A) Right to vote B) Right to go to church
C) Their citizenship rights D) Brotherhood
8. Which lesson did the Muslims learn from The Battle of Uhud?.
A) Not to disobey the Prophet B)Not to be demoralized
C) Be united D) Keep their weapons ready.
9. He comes daily. The underlined word is a/an:
A) adverb of time B) adverb of quantity C) adverb of frequency
D) adverb of manner
10. You will pass if you work hard. The underlined word is a/an:
A) Adversative conjunction B) sub-coordinating conjunction
C) coordinating conjunction D) compound conjunction
11. He agreed __________ what I said.
A) on B) with C) of D) to
12. Zakat must be dealt __________ fairly.
A) in B) out C) into D) away
13. Why did Bassanio in the play ask Antonio to lend him the money?
A) To return his debt B) To buy some goods
C) To marry lady Portia D) To test his loyalty.
14. In the lesson “Determination” the name of the creative engineer was …..
A) Martin B)Stephen C) John D) John Roebling
15. May God preserve us _____all evils.
A) out B) away C) over D) from
16. Select the correct sentence.
A. Neither she nor I are interested in this proposal.
B. Neither she nor I am interested in this proposal.
C. Neither she nor I is interested in this proposal.
D. Neither she nor I will interested in this proposal.
17. Portia disguised by putting on the dress of a …….in the court.
A. Lawyer B. Doctor C. Judge D.Teacher
69 | P a g e
18. As a result of Mandela’s peaceful movement against the apartheid system?
A) He was sent to jail B) He was given Nobel prizeC)He
became president D) The apartheid system was dismantled
19. The lesson “The Man who planted trees”is written by …………
A) Hemmings way B) Jean Giono C) Edgar D) Anonymous
20. I both thanked him and rewarded him. This sentence is _______sentence.
A) compound B) complex C) simple D) compound
complex
ENGLISH COMPULSORY HSSC –II
Time allowed: 2:35 Hours Total Marks Section B and C: 80
NOTE: Answer all the questions from Section ’B’ and Section ‘C’. Use supplementary
answer sheet i.e. Sheet-B if required. Write your answer neatly and legibly.
______________________________________________________________________
SECTION-B (Marks 40)
Q-2 Answer ALL the questions in about 40 to 50 words each. (5x4=20)
i. What did the Holy Prophet say about khatam Nubuwwat?
ii. What does M.A Jinnah say about the minorities?
iii. What is the dream of Dr MartinLuther king?
iv. Who are the people Nelson Mandela is addressing and what is the
occasion?
v. What changed the course of the battle of Uhud?
vi. What is the narrator’s job and the purpose of his journey? What physical
conditions
persuaded him to rest for a few hours?(Lingkuan Gorge)
vii. How did Washington communicate with his engineers for 13 long years
with his wife?
B) Answer any two questions. (2x4=8)
i) Write down the theme of the poem “The Blades of the Grass”.
ii) Write down the central idea of the poem “IF”
iii) How does a determined man do his work?
Q.3 Plays (2x6=12)
Answer any two questions in 60 to 70 words(Tales from Shakespeare)
i) What is the theme of the play “The Merchant of the Venice”
ii) What is the role of lady PORTIA?
iii) What type of person is shylock?
SECTION-C (Marks 40)
Q.4) Write a report to the Principal of your collegeinforming him about the
violation of SOP’s in the College Premises. Your report should cover the
following points. (8)
i. SUBJECT
ii. Opening paragraph
iii. Findings/Observations
iv. Suggestions
v. conclusion
70 | P a g e
Q5.a .Correct the following paragraph for the kind of errors listed in
brackets.There is six errors in all. Re-write the paragraph as you have revised it.
Errors in the use of spellings, noun, tense, conjunction, punctuation and adverb.6
Almost two thousands of years after being baried by falling ash from a two-day
volcanic eruption, Pompeii revealing fascinating details about day to day life in
the Roman Empire. Pompeii’s population roughly 20,000 inhabitants practiced
several religions. This is evidences by temples dedicated to the Egyptian
goddess Isis, as well as the presence of Jews and worshipers of Cybele (called
the “Great Mother” by her followers). Pompeii’s citizens practiced all of these
religions in apparent peacefully coexistence with followers of the state religion,
and worshipped Jupiter and the Roman emperor, they led astonishingly long
lives, assisted by doctors and dentists, and were very well educated.
b.Use any four of the idioms/phrasal verbs in sentences of your own. 4
(i) By fits and starts (ii) Break the ice (iii) Burn mid night oil
(iv) Bury the hatchet (v) By and large (vi)Burning question (vii)
Carry on
Q6. Read the following passage and answer the questions appended to it. (10)
A life of action and danger moderates the dread of death. It not only gives us
fortitude to bear pain, but teaches us at every step the precarious tenure on
which we hold our present being. Sedentary and studious men are the most
apprehensive on this score. Dr. Johnson was an instance in point. A few years
seemed to him soon over, compared with those sweeping contemplations on
time and infinity with which he had been used to pose himself. In the still life of a
man of letters there was no obvious reason for a change. He might sit in an arm
chair and pour out cups of tea to all eternity would it had been possible for him to
do so. The most rational cure after all for the inordinate fear of death is to set a
just value on life. If we mere wish to continue on the scene to indulge our head-
strong humour and tormenting passions, we had better be gone at once,; and if
we only cherish a fondness for existence according to the good we desire from it,
the pang we feel at parting which it will not be very server.
Questions:
1. Suggest a suitable title for the passage. 2
2. What type of people are afraid of death and why? 2
3. Make a précis of the passage. 6
7. Write an essay (250 – 300 words) on any one of the following topics. 12
(i) A Picnic Party
Outline:
During holidays the plan was made- family and friends planned it-
preparations-journey-
Enjoyment-eating-rest-departure.
(ii) Media
Outline:
Definition- types of media- impact on social, practical and personal life-
uses and abuses of media- solution-conclusion
71 | P a g e

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APSACS, TARBEA

A CRITICAL APPROACH TO HSSC-II ENGLISH

Cadet’s Name: ……………………………..

MJ No: …….. House: ……………………...

Class & Section: …………………………....

Mr. Hamid Ali

Cadet Cadet College, Ghazi

THE FAREWELL SERMON

Q.4 What did he say about the second function?

Q.5 Which legacy does M.A. Jinnah refers to in his speech?

1. Their way of living (lifestyle) is completely different.

Q.7. What does he say about the minorities?

THE SOLITARY REAPER-William Wordsworth

Q.1 What is the theme of the poem “The Solitary Reaper”?

Chapter No. 4 TRUCK ART -Rachel Redford

Q.7 Dr.King speaks repeatedly of his dream. What is his dream?

Q.2 Who was Antonio? Why he hated Shylock?

Q.3 How would Antonio help the needy in Venice?

Q.4 Write down the character sketch of Shylock?

Q.5 Why did Antonio and Bassanio go to Shylock, the Jew?

Q.6 Why did Shylock lend money to Antonio?

Q.7 Who was Nerissa and whom did she marry?

Q.8 What was the condition of the bond?

Q.9 Who was Portia and whom did she marry?

Q.12 How was Antonio’s life saved?

CENTRAL IDEA/ SUMMARY OF THE POEM

THE SCHOOL BOY

CENTRAL IDEA/ SUMMARY OF THE POEM

ONCE UPON A TIME

CENTRAL IDEA/ SUMMARY OF THE POEM

S# IDIOM MEANINGS USAGE

There are FIVE types of noun.

a. CountableNouns:Five Pencils, three boys etc.

Pakistan, Xiaomi, Nokia, Bill Gates, Cristiano Ronaldo etc.

Pronouns: The word/phrase that substitutes a noun is called a pronoun.

Adjective: Definition & Types

An adjective describes or modifies noun/s and pronoun/s in a sentence. It normally

Proper adjectives are usually capitalized as proper nouns are.

A possessive adjective indicates possession or ownership. It suggests the belongingness of

An interrogative adjective asks a question. An interrogative adjective must be followed by a

The Degree of Adjectives:

There are three degrees of adjectives: Positive, comparative, superlative.

These degrees are applicable only for the descriptive adjectives.

Adverb: Definition & Types

A conjunctive adverb connects phrases or independent clauses. It provides transitions between

Adverbs of Time/Frequency (When?)

Adverbs of Place/Direction (Where?)

Adverbs of Degree (How Much?)

Adverbs of Manner (How?)

Conjunction: Definition & Types

A subordinating conjunction joins elements of an unparallel sentence structure. These elements

 There are five types of prepositions in the English language.

 Prepositional phrases contain a preposition plus a noun or pronoun.

and phrase prepositions. A preposition is used to show a relationship between

The definition of a preposition is a word or phrase that connects a noun or pronoun to

How Many Types of Prepositions are There?

There are five types of prepositions: