RASASHASTRA is written by : This Book is Dedicated to My Beloved Parents

Dr. Mahantesh B. Rudrapuri. Late Shri. Basavanni Rudrapuri and

Late Smt. Sushila, B. Rudrapuri.
Professor and H.O.D,

P.G.Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana.

Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical College &

Hospital,

INCHAL, Tq- Saudatti, Dist- Belagavi, State- Karnataka.

Email- mbrudrapuri@gmail.com Mob- 9972710790

First Edition : 2016

Pages : 157

Copies :

Rights : Author

Designe : Gururaj G. Chachadi. Tq : Bailhongal. Dist:

Belgaum. 9964344364.

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ii iii
 INDEX FOREWORD
RASASHASTRA It gives me immense pleasure to go through this
1. Introduction to Ayurveda. 1 book of Rasa Shastra, by Dr.Mahantesh B.
2. Definition and History of Rasashastra. 12 Rudrapuri, Professor & H.O.D, P.G.Department of
RSBK, Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic
3. Parada Vignana. 16
Medical College, Inchal, Belagavi.
4. Dhatu Varga. 28
The Author has tried to concise the subject of
5. Maharasa Varga. 42
Rasashastra in a simple language and in chart form
6. Uparasa varga. 59 for easy understanding of subject. The Author has
7. Sadaranarasa Varga. 73 made a significant beginning through this book to
8. Ratna Varga. 84 think about the detail knowledge of Rasashastra.
9. Sudha Varga. 113 I bless Dr.M.B.Rudrapuri, for his success and
10. Kshara Varga. 122 prosperity in the life ahead.
11. Sikata Varga. 123
12. Visha-Upavisha 124
13. Lavana Varga 125 Dr.Shivaling, K. Bendikai.
14. Paribhasha prakarana & Dravya varga. 126 Assistant Registrar,
15. Manaparibhasha. 131 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences,
Bangalore, Karnataka.
16. Yantra prakarana. 135
17. Puta Vignana. 137
18. Musha Vignana. 140
19. Kosti Vignana. 142
20. Standardization. 144
21. Pharmacovigilance. 152
22. Photos 153
iv v
 PREFACE
Ayurveda, The science of life serving
humankind since many centuries. It is the holistic
scince.The use of plants as medicine dates back to
the origin of humankind and perhaps even earlier
as even animals are known to search for and
consume certain plants during sickness.Over the
millennia , these observations were passed orally
from generation to generation.
Rasa Shastra, the Alchemical and
pharmaceutical science of Ayurveda, which deals
with the various pharmaceutical processes of
Rasoushodhis, which are used therapeutically in
practice of Ayurveda.
This brings me an immense pleasure, while
forwarding this textbook of Rasashatra. With the
initiation of development of Rasashastra by means
of propagation of knowledge, author has tried his
level best to collect data. I am sure this book is
useful at large to the Ayurvedic scholars, Teachers
and Practiciners.
Dr. G. Vinaymohan M.D (Ayu)
Principal
S.S.R Ayurvedic Medical College
Inchal. Dt : Belgaum.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I bow down my head at the lotus feet of
Shri. Dhanvantari, and Acharya Nagarjuna and His
Holiness Shri Dr. Shivanand Bharati Maha Swamiji,
President S.S.B.E. Society, who have showered
blessings and enabled me to reach this height.
It is a pleasuring privilege for me to express
my profound great gratutudes to
Sri. A.R.Panchamuki, Executive Chairman and
Executive Editor, Dr. V.B.Annigeri, Hon. Secreatray,
Dr. Y.S.Gayatri, Co-secretary and Sri. A.Vasudev
murthi, Sri. V.T.Hunagunda, Sri. A.S.Rayachur and
Sri. S.R.Garag. Orgnaising secretaries of birth
centenary celebration of Karnataka Ithihas
Samshodhana Mandal (R) Dharawad.
I express my profound great fullness to
Shri. S.M.Rahutanavar, Chairman, S.S.B.E. Society
& Shri. D.B.Mallur, Management Committee.
Dr. G.Vinay mohan, Principal, S.S.R. Ayurvedic
Medical College, Inchal for their continuous
inspiration & encouragement.
I extend my thanks to Dr. K.S.Gudaganatti,
Dr. R.S. Hiremath, Dr. Laxmikant V.M &
Dr. S.R.Handur for their willing co-operation &
Guidance, because of which I can complete this
book.
vii
 I am emotionally bound to Express my
gratitude to my life partner Dr.Shubhada and my
family members for their blessings, affection &
inspiration.
Finally concluding my views, I pay my thanks
to all of them who have helped me directly and
indirectly.
Dr. Mahantesh B. Rudrapuri
M.D.(Ayu.) FAGE
viii
1. INTRODUCTION TO AYURVEDA –
A Life Scince.
Ayurveda, being veda itself is auspecious and
enhances all the five vital forces (Pancha pranas).
No other Medical science could be, probably
compared with Ayurveda in the world. This could
be the precious point of pride, that we have a
treasure of knowledge and wisdom regarding
Health.
History and development of Ayurveda as taken
place from the beginning of the creation. As it is
the basic necessity of the Human beings to preserve
their Health.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF AYURVEDA:
The main aim of Ayurveda is maintenance of
Health of Healthy person and treating the diseased
one. Person desiring for long life, which is
instrumental aid for achieving Dharma, Artha,
Kaama and Moksha should have atmost faith in
the principals of Ayurveda.
DERIVATION OF AYURVEDA:
Ayurveda is the science which deals with span
of life or it is a life science.
Ayu Life/span of life/Inseperable
combination of the body, sense organs, mind and
soul.
VEDA Science/knowledge.
AYURVED NIRUKTI
Ayurveda is a life science which deals about Ayu,
its divisions (Sukhayu, Dukhayu, Hitayu &
Ahitayu), its span and also about what are good
and bad for happy life.
AYURVEDA IN VEDIC PERIOD
Vedas are the earliest literatures of the world,
which occupies a unique position among the Hindu
scriptures and enlighten us upon the early habits
and customs of the people and also of the medical
science of our nation during that period.
So many references regarding the medical
science (Ayurved) can be found in the Vedas as
fallows.
(a) References to Tridhatus – (RV 1/7/46)
(b) Anatomical references such as Antra, dhamani,
Siras, Nadi, Hrudaya etc. (AV)
(c) Reference of process of metabolism, - SV
(d) References to Bacteriology – Krimis
drusta (visible)
adrusta(Invisible) (AV)
(e) Classification of several Herbs according to their
morphological features as well as their
medicinal properties – (RV 10-47, 1,2,3)
2 3
Specially ‘SOMA’ plant has been prasised as
Amrita and was considered as king of plants.
(RV – 10-19-23).
(f) Classification of metals and minerals such as
gold, iron etc also have been described in Vedas.
(g) References regarding the list of diseases such
as Jwara, kasa, Apachi, Harima (kamala)
Mutrarodha, Kilasa, Visuchi etc (YV – 12-75-
59, 12-90-101).
(h) Causative factors for diseases, as
1) Accumulated toxins in body.
2) Drusta and Adrusta krimi’s
3) Tridosha (AV)
(i) Sadvritta Prakarana – code of conduct / moral
conduct
(j) Circulation of blood (AV)
(k) Toxicology – Two types of poison
Sthavara visha
Jangama visha
(l) Rasayana & Vajikaranam, ex - Chavanaprasha,
(RV 1-116-10, 1-117-3, 1-119-7, 71,5)
(m) Surgical references – Surgical procedures done
by Ashwini kumaras (devine physicians) ex -
leg of vishapala – artificial leg with iron was
fitted to her. (RV 1-116-15, 1-117-19).
(n) Obstetrics and Gynecology – practiciners/ BRAMHA
specialists – Susha, vishkala, Saraswati, Savitri
etc.
DAKSHA PRAJAPATI
(o) Devine Therapy – Daivavyapashraya and
satwavajaya chikita (AV)
ASHWINI KUMAR’S
ORIGIN OF AYURVEDA
Ayurveda is beginning less and Endless and
is eternal as mentioned by the sages. INDRA
Bramha, who is the first of the devineline to
propogate Ayurveda, “Remembered” it indicating Acc to Susruta Acc to Kashyapa Acc to Charaka
that the science was already existing. When pain
Dhanvantri Kahsyappa Bhardwaja
and diseases appeared on this earth, the science
and art of medicine also appeared to get relief from
it. Susruta Vasista Atreya punarvasu
Bramha the creator of the Universe revealed Aupadhenava
Ayurveda to Daksha prajapati and Daksha taught
Aurabra Atri Agnivesha
it to the Ashwini’s the vedic gods of medicine, who
in turn taught it to Indra. Vaitarana Bhrigu Bhela

But all schools of Ayurveda have given Pauskalavata Jatukarna

different versions regarding the transmission of the Karavirya Their sons & Parashra
science from heaven to earth as represented in the
& others disciples Harita
chart.
Ksharapani

EIGHT BRANCHES OT AYURVEDA -

1) Shalya Tantra
2) Shalakya Tantra

4 5
3) Kayachikitsa
4) Bhutavidhya
5) Koumarbhrithya
6) Agada Tantra
7) Rasayana Tantra
8) Vajikarna Tantra
1) Shalya Tantra: Shalya Tantra is that
branch which deals with the removal of foreign
Bodies (grass.wooden parts,any metal piece, nails,
puss etc) which have entered in to the body and
gives pain. Yantra, Shasta and use of Agni and
Kshara and other material used as remedies for
such pains.
2) Shalakya Tantra: Shalakya Tantra pertains
to the treatment of the diseases referring to Eyes,
Ear, Nose and Throat as well as diseases related to
Head and Neck region.
3) Kaya Chikitsa: Kaya chikitsa refers to the
study of all parts of the body and the diseases
which appear in the body like Jwara, Rakta pitta,
Shosha, Unmada, Atisara etc. It deals with
symptoms and treatment for those diseases.
4) Bhutavidhya: deals with treatments of
mental disorders. Person who are suffering with
Mental disorders from curse of gods, demon,
gandharvas, yakshas, ancestors, devil, grahas, etc
6 7
for such, treatment is given in the form of
performing shantikarma (yagna, devapooja, daana)
baliharana (giving sacrifice to some of the god,
goddes, Grahas etc)
5) Koumara Bhritya:- refers to protection of
children and about the deformities of breast milk
and also explains about Graha Dosha of the child
with treatments.
6) Agada Tantra:- Agada Tantra is the branch
which deals with signs/symptoms and treatment
in bites of snakes, Insets, spider, scorpion, Rat
and other poisons creature.
7) Rasayana Tantra:- This branch concern
with longevity of a person, to increase his span of
life, vitality, intellect and power of over coming
diseases through his immunity.
8) Vajikarana Tantra:- This is concern with
treatment to improve virility in men, this helps to
treat the semen which is less, viciated and
contaminated.
OTHER SPECIALITIES OF AYURVEDA
Ayurveda, through mainly devoted to the
maintenance of Health and long life of mankind, is
related to other animals, plants and use of metals
and minerals also.
“Lokapurusha samya vada” means there is a
paralence between the Bio-activity of human being
animals as well as plants. Therefore the scope of 4 Charaka samhita Acharya Charaka &
Ayurveda is naturally extended to the field of plants Drudabala
and animals. 5 Susruta samhita Acharya susruta
Even Ayurveda has extended its field by using 6 Astanga Hrudayam Acharya
precious stones, metals, minerals and animal origin
/Sangraha Vagbhata
products in the medicine.
7 Kahsyapa samhita Acharya Kahsyapa
Specialities As Such
8 Bhavaprakash Acharya Bhavamishra
1) Vrukshayurveda The study related to
life of plants. Nigantu
2) Ashwayurveda The study related to 9 Madhavanidana Acharya Madhavakara
life of House. 10 Shargadhara Acharya Shargadhara
3) Gajayurveda The study related to samhita
life of Elephant.
11 Rasa Ratnakara or Acharya Nagarjuna
4) Goayurveda The study related to
Rasendra mangala
life of cows.
Ayurveda is mentioned as upaveda of
5) Rasashastras The study related to
Atharvanveda, which is ocean of medicine (remidies)
use of metals and
and it is the time tested life science.The ultimate
minerals.
goal of life in to attain purusharth chatustas, for
IMPORTANT BOOKS OF AYURVEDA AND which longer healthy span of life is must. So the
THEIR AUTHORS person desiring for salvations has to protect his life
Name of the Books Author by following the principals of Ayurveda.
1 Agnivesha samhita Acharya Agnivesha Ayurveda not only concentrated on mankind
but it also highlighted on animals, birds and plants
2 Bhela samhita Acharya Bhela
including metals and minerals. Ayurveda has a vital
3 Harita samhita Acharya Harita role in Vedas, which are the earliest literatures of
the world.
8 9
The available sources for the history of Ayurveda
are -
(a) Archeological sources:- during excavations
many items pertaining to Health and
Medicine are also noticed, at mohenjodaro,
Harappa and other places.
(b) Inscription:- Inscription on the stones and
copper plates are very valuable and authentic
for history.
(c) Literature:- much of the information for
history of Ayurveda is based on written
literature as such manuscripts, palm leaves
etc in Sanskrit and Regional languages.
(d) Travelogues:- Since ancient period, India was
a place of inspiration and source of
knowledge for the people of all parts of world.
(e) From other sciences:- as such Astrology,
Architeeture, metallurgy / alchemy,
puranas, Upanishat, sutra etc.
How Rasadravyas/Rasaushadhis are safe?
1) When Rasadravyas are collected on the basis
of their Graya laxanas.
2) Rasadravyas do not cause any toxicity when
used after subjecting it to processes like
shodhana, marana, satvapatan etc with
different liquid media.
10
3) The therapeutic dosage given is very less
compared to the fatal dose.
4) These should be given in proper dosage form
and with proper anupana & Patya.
5) Some compound formulations even includes
their Antidotes.
In Rasa shastra number of Rasadravyas which
are toxic in nature are explained with their specific
therapeutic dose after proper samskara. Modren
pharmacology has described the impact of metals
& minerals in pure chemical form on the body
accurately. Both Acute & Chronic metal poisoning
are well documented.
All these effects occurs when these metals
are taken as a pure chemical entity.But the
Ayurvedic metals & minerals are not ingested as
pure chemical entities. These metals & minerals
have there own method of purification (samanya &
vishesha shodhana),Incineration process(marana),
etc. In other words every effort is made to make the
metals fit for human consumption & Special
processing (Amrutikarana) is done to increase their
therapeutic effects. Thus it is clear that in ancient
period people were very much aware about the
possible toxicity.
11
 2. RASASHASTRA History of Rasashastra
Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurveda which Prathamo divyo bhishak (Yajurveda 16/5)
deals with the various pharmaceutical processes of with reference to lord Shiva, as parada is said to be
Shodhana, Marana and other detailed description originated from Lord Shiva.
of metals, minerals & animal products used 1. Mantra Vidya - Lord Bhramha - Rushi gana
therapeutically in practice of Ayurveda.. Ayurveda
2. Tantra Vidya - Lord Shiva - Siddha
in general and Rasashastra in particular are ocean
Both meant for Siddi and Jivanmukhi
of remedies and Rasayogas are one of the important
preparation of that, being used in various diseased Achara’s are of 4 types - Vaidikachara
conditions. - Vaishnavachara
Here the term Rasashastra includes two - Shaivachara
words i.e Rasa and Shastra. The term Rasa denotes
- Shaktachara
Mercury or Metal or Mineral.
Dehavada & Lohavada
Definition of Rasa-
Lohavada -Conversion of Lower/Base metals
“Rasanath Sarva dhatunam Rasa iti
into higher metals.
Abhidhiyate ||(RRS)”
Dehavada- making body firm & free from
The one which amalgamates or engulf all
diseases by using medicines prepared from purified
the metals & minerals in it.
metals & minerals.
Different meanings of term RASA .
Sidda Sampradaya-84 Sidda’s-1 st is
1) Srungradi navarasa-According to Sangeeta Adinatha,
Sahitya Shastra.
Acharya Nagarjuna -
2) Parada – According to Rasashatra.
1) According to Chakrapani - Lohashastra
3) Swarasa – According to Bhaishajya Kalpana. Visharada
4) Rasadhatu – Accrding to Shareera Kriya 2) According to Rajataragini - Bauddharaja of
5) Shadrasa – According to Dravya Guna Shastra Kashmir

12 13
3) Mahayana mata pratisthapaka – Baudda - Prakruti - Stri Agni Tatva
Bikshu - Purusha - Purusha – Somatatva Samyoga.
4) Sidda Nagarjuna - Author of Kakshaputa &
Rasashala Karma Vibhaga-
Rasendra mangala.
Poorva Disha – Rasa bhairava Sthapana.
Importance of Rasoushadhi’s.
Agneya Disha – Agni Karma.
1) Replaces Kastaushadhies (Herbal medicines)
Dakshina Disha – Pashana Karma.
2) Dosage of Rasoushadhi’s is less (in Ratti/
Gunja matra) Nairutya Disha – Shastra Karma.

3) Longer self life OR Infinite period Pachima Disha – Kshalana Karma.

4) Quick action/ Instant action. Vayavya Disha – Shoshana Karma.

5) Palatable (Not having bad taste) /tastelss Uttara Disha – Vedhana Karma.

6) More therapeutic benifit Eshanya Disha – Sidda vastu Bhandara.

7) Easy to preserve Rasamantap
Rasa- Rasayana 1) Rasmantapa is constructed nearby Rasashala
Rasa - Parada in a plain surface area.

Rasayana - It is a quality of Rasadravyas i.e. 2) Should be wide. Portion is provided with large
Rejuvination property. arches & gates, Decorated with dwaja, chatra,
pushpamala.
Raseshwara Darshan
3) In the centre of mantap, a stage (Vedika) is
- Written by Acharya Sayan madhava
constructed to place & worship Rasa Linga.
- Part of Sarvadarshana Sangraha
- Jivanmukti - achieved by Pindadharan -
1) Prana (Vayu) - Pranayama
2) Mana - Pranayama
3) Shukranigraha - Rasoushadhi.
14 15
 3. PARADA VIGNANA (MERCURY)
In Rasashatra “Rasa” Shabdha is used for
Parada (Mercury) and it is claimed to be having
devine origin, which is related to lord Shiva.
It’s latin name is Hydrargirum (Hg).
Parada Grahya & Agrahya Laxanas :-
The mercury which is bright as midday Sun
externally & which has bluish tinge internally is
grahya & the mercury which is smoky, yellowish
white or with different colour must not be used.

Internal use of mercury was stated with parpati Parada Khanija – Cinnabar, metacinnabar,
Kalpanas (Grahani adyaya-Chakradatta). In Steel ore, Brick ore, Calomel, Silver amalgam, Falh
Charaka & Susruta Samhita (25/116) mercury was ore, Living Stonite etc.
used for External Application purpose in Kusta Rasa Pooja (Worship of Rasalinga)
Vikara. 1) Bhakshana (injestion)
Varities of Parada mentioned in Rasaratna 2) Sparshana (Touch)
Samucchaya.
3) Dhana (Donation)
1) Rasa- Raktavarna – without impurities –
4) Dhyana (Meditation)
Rasayanarth.
2) Rasendra – Syava Varna – Without impurities 5) Paripujana (Worshiping) .
– Ranayanarth Parada dosha & their complications (RRS 11/17,
18, 19)
3) Suta – Ishatpeeta – Doshayukta – After 18
Samkaras-Dehalohakara 1) Naisargika - a) Visha - Mrutyu
4) Parada – Swetavarna – Doshayukta- After b) Vanhi - Santapa
Samkaras-Sarvasiddiprada. c) Mala - Murcha
5) Mishraka – Mayurchandrika varna- 2) Yogika a) Naga - Jyadya, Admana
Doshayukta- After Samkaras-Sarvasiddiprada.
b) Vanga - Kusta,
Mercury is a silver white liquid metal with
Galaganda
slight bluish tinge in thin films, it
transmits violet light (Dictionary of App. 3) Sapta Kanchuka a) Parpati - Kusta
Chemistry Vo. IV P.N. 270) b) Patini - Jyadya
16 17
 c) Bhedi - Malabhedana S. Instruments Samskara
No. Name Required Duration Ingredients Phala
d) Dravi - Mahakusta
2 Mardana Tapta 3 days Guda : Bahirmala
e) Malakari - Gajacharma Samskara Khalva Vinasha,
Dagdhatusha
Yantra Saindhava : Vanhi
f) Andhakari - Andhatva
Graha Samaprabha
g) Dwankshi - Swarabheda DhumaIstika
Churna :
Parada Vishesha Shodhana Dravyas (RT 5/22-24) Rajika, Kanji

1) Vishadosha - Triphala 3 Moorchana Tapta 7 Grita Doshatraya

Samskara khalava times/ Kumari Nasha
2) Vanhidosha - Chitraka Yantra Till it Triphala
became Churna
3) Maladosha - Aragvada Phala Majja Pista Chitraka
Rupa Moola
4) Chapalya - Krishna dattura beeja (Nastapi-
statva)
5) Giridosha - Trikatu
4 Uttapana Dolayantra - Moorchita Moorcha
6) Asahyagni - Gokshura Churna Samskara Taptakhalva Sakalka Vyapat
Damaru Parada Kanji Nashana :
7) Naga - Grahaduma, Istika, Haridra, Yantra : Nimburasa Kanchuka-
Una. paharana

8) Vanga - Indrayava, Ankola, Haridra 5 Patana Urdhana - One Tamra Sarvadosha

Samskara Patan day/1 Churna Mukthi
PARADA ASTA SAMSKARAS Prahara- Nimburasa
Adharap- Laghuputa
S. Instruments Samskara atana
No. Name Required Duration Ingredients Phala Yantra

1 Swedana Dolayantra 3 days Rajika : Mala Tiryak -

Samskara Saindhava Shaithilyata Patana Tivragni
Trikaru : Yantra
Chitraka
Ardraka : 6 Bodhana/ Ghata 3 days Srustiambu Viryavan
Mulaka Rodhana Yantra (Mutra/
Kanji Samskara Sukra/
lavanajala)

18 19
 7 Niyamana Dola 3 days Nagavalli : Chapalatwa 4) No change in 4) Original form
Samskara yantra Lashuna Nivruti weight of Parada & weight is
Saindhava : not essential
Bringraj (converts into
Vandyakarkoti compound
: Chincha, form)
Kanji
JARANA BHEDA
8 Dipana Dola 3 days Kankshi : Bubhukshita, JARANA KARMA
Samskara yantra Kasisa Grasarthi
Tankana :
Saindhava
Maricha :
RajikaShigru Buchari Jarana Kheehari Jarana
: Kanji (Ratna Jarana)

Paradagati – Balajarana Yuvajarana Vrudda Jarana

Abharka Jarana – Patra & Satva Gandhaka Jarana
1) Jalagati 2) Hamsagati
3) Malagati 4) Dhumagati Samukha Jarana Nirmukha Jarana Vasanmukha
Jarana.
5) Jivagati (RRS 1/81-84)
MOORCHANA BHEDA
Chart showing difference between Jarna,
Murchan & Murchan Samskar
Jarana Murchana Murchana Sagandha Moorchana Nirgandha Moorchana
Karma Samskara
1) Druta grasa 1) Vyadhi 1) 3 rd Samskara
paripachana Nashaka of parada Sagni Moorchana Niragi Moorchana
Guna.
Rasaparpati Kajjali
2) Increase 2) becomes 2) Attains Rasa Sindhura
Rasayana Guna, Sevana Nastapista Makaradwaja
Dhatuvadartha Yogya, used Rupa Malla Sindhura Sagni Nirgani
Gandhakadi for Dehava- Samira Pannaga
Jarana dhartha Rasapushpa Mudgha Rasa
Rasa Karpura
3) Not looses it’s 3) Sugandha- 3) Removes
original form & Nirgandha Naga-Vanga
appearance bheda doshas Anthardhuma Bahirdhuma Nirdhuma
20 21
Kharaliya Kalpana
Kajjali-
The smooth and black powder free from shining
particles, prepared by triturating mercury and
sulphur without adding any liquid is known as
kajjali.
Precautions :
1) While preparing Kajjali, Grinding should be
continued till complete disappearance of
mercury particles and the powder becomes very
fine like collyrium.
2) At this stage sprinkle a few drops of water over
the powder to prevent spilling.
Test for completion
1) If free mercury particles remain present in
Kajjali, then on rubbing it on gold or copper
sheet with lemon juice, white silver like coating
can be seen.
2) The final product may be tested for the
presence of any lusture/shining by rubbing
the product on the palm with a finger preferably
after adding water. If free mercury particles are
present in the mixture, these are likely to shine
in the sunrays. In good preparation there
should not be any such shining.
22
Parpati kalpana
Parpati have a peculiar method of preparation.
When the molten kajjali is pressed and cooled
between the two banana leaves, the solidified flake
is known as parpati.
On the basis of paka, preparation of parpati is
of three types, viz-mrudu, madyama and kharapaka.
Among that only madyama paka parpati is indicated
for medicinal purposes.
Precautions and Test for completion
1) Mrudu Paka :-
a) If molten kajjali resembles mayurachandri-
kavarna, is indicative of mrudu paka.
b) While breaking the flake, it bends but not
breaks.
2) Madyamapaka :-
a) If molten kajjali remembles Taila, then it is
indicative of Madyama paka.
b) On breaking it will break easily into small
pieces without bending and also the inner
part of parpati shows silvery lusture.
3) Kharapaka :-
a) If molten kajjali becomes red colour while doing
paka, then it indicates the kharapaka.
b) It is present in the form of powder, and is
rough.
23
Kupipakwa Kalpana
A Rasayana product prepared from parada and
other ingredients in a specially designed kupi by
applying kramagni tapa (mrudu, madyama &
tivragni) with the help of valukayantra is known as
kupipakwa Rasa. Even though the preparation
method of this rasa is more exhaustive and
complicative it as it’s own importance because of
it’s specific pharmaceutical processing and more
beneficial with lesser therapeutic dosage.
Precautions :
1) Preparation needs specially designed
kachakupi (Glass bottle).
2) Specific heating schedules should be followed
i.e. Kramagni tapa (Mrudu : Madyama &
Trvragni tapa)
3) Ushna shalaka is used to burn the Extra
sulphur deposited at the neck of kupi, which
may block the kupi and break it.
4) Observation of faumes :- The Colour, Odour
Of Faumes Must Be Noted, Which Differs
According to The Ingredients. Colour May Be
Yellowish, Orange, Bluish Or White And Odour
May Be Like Sulphur.
5) Corking the kupi :- Deciding the proper time
for corking the mouth of kupi is difficult task,
so the
24
following points should be kept in mind.
a) Absence of fumes & flame.
b) Copper coin test.
c) Shalaka test.
d) Appearance of redness in the bottom of
kupi.
6) Keeping for self cooling.
7) Removing & breaking the kupi.
First sand should be removed from
valukayantra, then carefully the kupi. Kupi should
be cleaned with wet cloth, then rasayan level is
marked. A thread soaked in spirit/kerosene should
be tied around the middle of the kupi just below
the level of rasayana and set to fire.
The kupi should be kept horizontal and rotated,
when it burns up completely, the kupi should be
wrapped in a wet cloth thus it will break from the
middle at desired level and then the rasayana
should be collected.
Test methods-
- Cotton / dried husk Test
- Shalaka Test
- Copper coin Test.
25
RASASINDOORA Pottali Kalpana.
Drugs: When mercury, sulphur, gold and other
Samaguna or Dwiguna Kajjali different bhasmas of metals & minerals are mixed
and triturated with certain herbal juices, made into
Vatankura Swarasa (Bhavana)
conical shaped mass, which is then wrapped in silk
Equipments: cloth and hanged in boiling sulphur to get hard
Khalwa yantra, Kachakupi, Valuka yantra or mass, which is known as pottali rasa.
Electric Muffle Furnace, Fuel, Shalaka, Funnel, Precautions :
Glass rod, Varti, Spirit,Knife, etc.
1) Here application of heat is through liquid
Poorva karma: sulphur by means of dolayantra.
Kachakupi mrit lepana ( 7 layers and dried )- Test for completion :
Preparation of Kajjali -Bhavana and filling of kupi -
The characteristic features of properly formed
Setting up Valuka yantra. pottali are -
Pradhana karma:
A) The surface lusture of melted sulphur should
Kupi paka -Graded heating in 3 phases- appear like skyblue colour during heating.
Introducing hot and cold shalaka -Mudra bandhana
B) When the pottali is hammered with an iron
Graded heating : rod, it should produce metallic sound.
Mridu (melting kajjali) : up to 125 O
C Parada Bhanda
Madhyama (flame at kupi mukha) : 125 – 250OC The process in which parada is converted in
Teevra (mudra bandhana) :250 – 350 O
C the form of solid.

(max. 360O C) Total number of Parada bhanda – 25+ 1(Jaluka

bhanda).
Paschat karma:
Removing the bottle from Valuka yantra-
Removing mrit lepana and cleaning of Bottle-
Breaking the bottle- Procuring the material
26 27
 4. DHATU(LOHA) VARGA SWARNA
Definition – (Gold – Au)
The term Loha is derived from ‘Luh’ dhatu Sp. Gravity 19.32 Hard – 2.5 to 3.00
which means To Extract from it’s Ore. ‘Luh’ Mlt. Pt. 1065 0C : B Pt. 1800 0C.
Apakarshath vachi.(RRS 5/1)
PARAYA - Agniveerya, Kanak, Kalyan,
Deffinition- Kanchan, Manohara, Mangalya,
Vali Palita Khalitya Kharshabalya Lohavara
Jaramayan| BHED - 1) Prakrut 2)Sahaj 3) Agnisambhav
Nivarya Dadhate Deham Nrunam Tad Dhatava 4) Khanji 5) Rasaviddha (RRS 5/2)
Matah | (AP 3/2) GRAHYA LAKSHANA -
Ciassification of Dhatu – On burning it gives red colour, it
1) Shudda loha – Swarna and Rajata. shines
2) Sadarana loha – Tikshna and Tamra. SHODHANA - Ashudh Swarna patra heat – red
hot Dip in Tilataila, Takra, gomutra,
3) Puti loha – Naga, Vanga and Yashada.
Kanji, Kulatha Kawath in each for
4) Mishra loha – Pittala, Kansya and Vartha loha. seven times - Shudha Swarna
TABLE OF DHATU (RRS 5/13)
Name of Symbol Specific Melting MARAN - Shudha Swarna + Shudh Parad -
Dhatu Gravity Point Mardan 2 days sprinkle shudh
Suvarna Au 19.4 1065 0C Haratala churna with continuous
Rajat Ag 10.5 960 0C stirring Sharava/ Laghu puta
Tamra Cu 9.7 1057 0C Swarna Bhasma (R.T. 18/19-24)
Loha Fe 7.7 1520 0C GUNA - Ruksh, laghu, tikshna, kapha-
Naga Tb 11.4 325 0C vatashamak, Vrshya, Deepak,
Vanga Sn 7.28 233 0C Bruhana, Prameha Nashak
Yashad Zn 7.1 410 0C MATRA - ½ gunja to 2 gunja (One Ratti)
28 29
ANUPANA - Ghrita, Dhugdha with Sugar Sharavasamputa-Laghuputa –
Krishnavarnayukta Bhasma. (Ayu.
YOGA - Hema garbha pottali,Suvarna
Pra 3/108)
Vangeshwar, Kasturi Bhairav rasa,
Vasant Kusmakara GRAHYA LAKSHANA -
RAJATA Ghana, Swacha, Guru, Snigdha,
Mrudu, Shweta, Shubra, Masruna,
(Silver-Ag)
Sphotarahita (A.K. Kr. 3/7)
Sp gravity-10.5
MATRA - ¼ to 1 Ratti
Mlt Pt. 960 0C : B. Pt. 1955 0C
ANUPANA - Madhu, Ghrita
PARAYAYA - Chandraloha, Mahashubha,
UPOYOGA - It is Balya, Medhya, Vrishya,
Roupya, Shubha, Durvarnaka,
Rasayana and used in Prameha
Taar, Roupyaka
Trishna, Shosha, Kshaya
BHEDHA - (R.R.S. 5/22)1) Sahaja Rajata Pleehodhara, Apasmara etc.
(Nature Silver) 2) Khaneeja Rajata
YOGA - Kastoori Bhairava rasa,
(Ore’s Silver) 3) Krutrima Rajata
Makaradhwajawati, Mahamrugaka
(Rasavedhita).
rasa,. Ratneshwara rasa,
ORES - Argentite (Ag 2 S-Silver Glance), Vijayaparpati, Somanatha rasa,
Pyrargrite or Ruby silver(3 Ag2 S. Vishamajwarantaka louha
Sb2 S3) are 2 main ores.
TAMRA
SHODHANA - Rajata Patra heat & dip in Taila,
(Copper – Cu)
Takra, Gomutra, Aranala,
Kulathakwatha (each for 7 times) – Sp. Gravity 9.94
hear and cool - Shodita Rajata Mlt. Pt. 1084 0C : B Pt. 2310 0C.
(R.RS. 5/13)
PARAYAYA - Tamra, Raktaka, Shulbha,
MARANA - Parada + Gandhaka- Mardana – Ravipriya, Suryaloha, Nepaleeya,
Kajjali + Kumariswaras Lepa on – Lohitayasa, Suryanaga
Rajatpatra, Dried and kept in
30 31
BHED - 1) Nepalaka Tamra 2) Mlecha Tamra
GRAHYA LAKSHANA - (Iron-Fe)
Snigdha, Mrudu, Raktavarna, After
heating it becomes nirvikar,
Shreshta tamra (R.R.S. 5/44)
SHODHANA - Tamra Patra – Lepa of
Nimbuswarasa bhavita Saihdhava
Lavana, heat- Red hot - dip in
Nirgundiswarasa(R.R.S. 5/51) &
(R.T. 12)
MARANA - Parada + Gandhaka Mardana –
Kajjali Bhavana of Nimbuswarasa
Lepa on Tamrapatra Dry in
Sunlight kept in Sharavasamputa
- Gajaputa Krishnavarnayukta
tamrapatra Mardana in Khalva
Tamrabhasma – repeat process for
3 times – Krishnavarna
Tamrabhasma.
MATRA - 1/7 to 1 Ratti (125 mgs.)
ANUPANA - Madhu, Swarasa or Choorna or
Vanaspati
YOGA - Nityanandarasa, Arogyavardhi-
nivati, Kshayakesari rasa, Lakshmi
vilasarasa, Hridayarnavarasa
tamraparpati, Chandramrutarasa,
Kasasanharabhairavarasa.
32
LOHA
Sp. Gravity 7.86
Mlt. Pt. 15330C : B Pt. 2456 0C.
PARAYAYA - Ayasa, Aayasa, Kalayasa,
Teekshnaka, Shastraloha,
Shastraka
BHEDHA - 1) Mundaloha (Cast Iron) –
i)Mrudu ii)Kuntha iii)Kadara
2) Teekshnaloha (wrought Iron)
i)Khara ii)Sara iii)Hrannal
iv) Taravatta v)Vajira vi)Kalaloha
3) Kantaloha (Magnetic Iron) –
i)Bhramaka ii) Romakanta
iii) Chumbaka iv) Karshaka
v) Dravaka
SHODHANA - Loha Patra Heated & Dipped in
Taila, Takra, Gomutra, Aranala,
Kulatha-7 times each-Shodita
Loha., (R.R.S.)
VISHESH SHODHANA -
16Pala triphala +8 Parts of water
boiled till 4 parts remains, take 5
pala in loha patra-heat in & Dipped
in Triphalakwatha 7 times-shodhita
loha. (R.R.S.5/103)
33
MARANA - Lohachoorna + Triphalakwatha
make chakrika & put it in sharava
samputa-Gajaputa 5 times - Red
coloured Bhasma. (R.R.S.5/117-
118)
GUNA - Lekhana, Balya, Vrishya, Vajikara,
Veerya, Vardhaka, Putraprada,
Raktavardhaka, Kostha Shodhaka,
etc.
MATRA - ¼ to 2 Ratti
ANUPANA - Shilajatuswarasa, Triphal, Madhu,
Ghrita, Navaneeta, Dugdha.
ROGHAGNATA-Shotha, Shoola, Arsha, Pandu,
Kamala, Krimi, Pleeha, Medhoroga,
Kustha, Gulma etc.
YOGA - Arogyavardhini, Navayasaloha,
Dhatri Loha, Nayanamruta Loha,
Saptamruta Loha,
Chandraprabhavati.
BHEDHA - (Rasarajasundar) 1) Kumara 2)
Samal
GRAHYA LAKSHANA -
Melts early, very heavy, Shiny, bad
smell when melted, Inner part is
black when cut (R.R.S.5/170).
SHODHANA - Ashudha naga heat in Loha Patra
Melted naga Nirvapa in Peetara
Yantra Containing Sudha Jala
Repeat the process for 7 times
……………> Shudha Naga. (R.T.
19/10)
MARANA - Parada and Dravanaga Madana 10
mins-Choornavat-Mixture -
Bhavana of Nimbuswarasa-wash
with water and add Dviguna
Gandhaka Mardana-6 to 8 Hrs
Kajjali 1 Kukkuta Puta-
Nagabhasma. (R.T. 16/33)

NAGA MATRA - ¼ to 1 Ratti (125 Mgs).

(Lead-Pb) ANUPANA - Madhu

Sp. Gravity 11.37 YOGA - Kshayakesari rasa, Yogeshwara

rasa, Ratnagarnha Pottali rasa,
Mlt. Pt. 327 0C : B Pt. 1525 0C.
Vanagadi yoga, Manikya rasa
PARAYAYA - Kuranga, Naga, Bhujanga,
Kuvanga, Krishnayasi, Seesaka,
Sindurakaraka.
34 35
VANG
(Tin-Sn)
Sp. Gr. 7.29,
Mlt. Pt. 232 0C : B Pt. 270.20C.
PARAYAYA - Vang, Rang, Rangak, Trapusa,
Trapu.
BHED - 1) Khurak vang 2) Mishrak Vang
GRAHYA LAKSHANA - PARAYA
Khurak Vang Having Mrudu,
Snigdha, Drutadravi, Shubra.
SHODHANA - Ashudha Vanga-heat red hot-Dip
in Haridrayukta Niragundi
Swarasa, Continue the process for
three times Shudha Vanga
(R.R.S. 5/156)
MARANA - Shudha Vanga + 1/16 th Part
Shudha parada ———>sprinkle
shudha Haratala Churna with
continuous stirring ————> vanga
Bhasma (R.T. 18/19-24)
GUNA - Ruksha, Laghu, Teekshna, kapha-
vatashamak, Vrishya, Deepaka,
Brumhana, Prameha, Nashaka.
MATRA - 1/2 to 2 gunja
ANUPANA - Ghrita Milk with sugar.
36
YOGA - Trivanga Bhasma, Suvarna
Vangeshwar, Kasturi Bhairav rasa,
Vasant Kusmakara.
YASHAD
(Zincum-Zn)
Sp. Gravity 7.1
Mlt. Pt. 4290C : B Pt. 980 0C.
- Kharparaj, Tamraranjak,
Kharprsatwa, Netrarogari
ORES - 1)ZnS (Zinc Sulphide) 2) Zno (Zinc
Oride) 3) ZnCo3 (Zinc Carbonate)
GRAHYA LAKHANA -
Samudjwalam when cut, snigdha,
Mrudul, Nirmala(R.T. 19/65)
SHODHANA - Ashudha Yashad heated on
Teevaragni melts- poured-
Peetharayantra +Godugdha -
shudha Yashad ————> repeated
for 21 times(R.T. 19/102)
MARANA - Shudha Yashad heated on
Teevragni-melts-Prakshep of
Apamarg Panchang Choorna -
Wash with Jala - Kshara Bhagha
removed-Agni-Tapta Choorna-
Sharava Teevragni (6hrs)
37
 Raktangavat Tapta Cool -Shweta
Shamavarna Bhasma.
BHASMAVARANA- Shwetashamavarna
GUNA - Kashaya-sheeta, Kaphapittahara,
Prameha, Netraroga, Pandu, kasa,
Shwasa, Vrananashaka.
MATRA - 1 Ratti to 2 Ratti
ANUPANA - Madhu, navaneeta, Ghrita,
Trikolapatraswarasa, Dugdha.
YOGA - Trivanga Bhasma, Yashada Bhasma,
Yashadamruta, Yashadamruta Malahara
Shilajatwadi Vati.
PITTALA
(Brass-Cu+Zn)
Brass is an alloy of Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn)
in the ratio of 2:1
PARAYAYA - Aara, Kshudra Suvarna, Pingala,
Peetaka, Reeti, Reetika,
BHEDHA - 1) Reetika 2) Kakatundi.
(Rasendrachudamani-14/154)
GRAHYA LAKSHANA - (Bronze/White metal/bell metal-Cu+Sn)
Guru, Mrudu, Peetabha, Susnigdha,
Masrana. (Rasendrachudamani-14/157)
SHODHANA - Ashudha Pittala Patra- Heat with
Teevragni Dip in —————>
38
Nirgundi Swarasa mixed with
Haridra Choorna. ——Repeat the
process for 5 times -——> Shudh
Pittala. (R.R.S. 57/197)
MARANA - Gandhaka + Arka Ksheera
Mardana Paste Lepana - Lipta
Pittalapatra kept in Sharava-
Gajaputa -After svanga Sheeta
Mardana-Bhangura Pittala
Choorna +equal Gandhaka - Arka
Ksheera Bhavana Chakrika
Gajaputa.- Repeat for three times
—————>Krishna varna pittala
bhasma. (R.R.S. 5/198)
ROGAGHNATA- Krimi, Kustha, Raktapitta,
Pandu. (R.R.S. 5/195)
MATRA - ½ to 1 Ratti (125 mgs).
ANUPANA - Madhu
YOGA - Pittala rasayana, Meghananda
rasa, Ratnaprabha vati.
KANSYA
Kansya is an alloy of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn)
in the ratio of 8:2
PARAYAYA - Kansya, Kanasaka, Ghosha,
Deeptaloha, Saurashtraja,Tamrapushpa
39
BHEDHA - Pushpa-Atishweta-Shrestha. Tailika- VARTHA LOHA
Peetabharakta (kapishaprabha)-Heena.
[Bronze Cu+Pb+Sn+(Cu+Sn)+(Cu+Zn)]
(Ayu.Pr.4/62)
Vartha loha is an alloy of copper (Cu) lead
GRAHYA LAKSHANA -
(Pb), tin (Sn), Brass & Broonze in equal parts. It is
Teekshnashabda, Mrudu, Snigdha, a white colouted Metal. (A.P-4/82)
Ishatshyamala, Shubra, Nirmala,
PARAYAYA - Panchaloha, Pancharasa, Vartula,
Daharakta (Turns red on heating)
Bharta
(R.R.S. -5/206)
SHODHANA - Vartha loha –Red hot- Dip in
SHODHANA - Ashudha Kansya Patra heat till it
Ashwamutra for 7 times – Shudh
becomes red Dip in Gomutra –
Vartha loha. (R.R.S. 5/211)
Repeat the process for 7 times –
Shudha Kansya. (R.R.S. 5/210) MARANA - Gandhaka + Hartala Arka ksheera
bhavana- paste – Lipta Vartha loha
MARANA - Gandhaka + Arka Ksheera Bhavana
kept in Sharava- Gajaputa- After
– Paste Lepana – Lipta Kansyapatra
svanga sheeta – Bhanguta Vartha
kept in Sharava Gajaputa – After
loha- Mardana – Krishna Varna
svanga sheeta – Bhangura Knaysa
Vartha loha bhasma + Gandhaka
churna.-Repeat for three times –
+ Hartala Arka ksheera Bhavana –
Krishna Varna Kansya
Chakrika Gajaputa – Repeat for 5
bhasma.(A.P.4/80)
times – Shudha Krishna Varna
ROGAGHNATA- Krimi, Netra Roga, Kustha, Varth loha bhasma. (Ayu. Pr.-4/85)
Vatapitataghna. (R.R.S. 5/209)
ROGAGHNATA- Kaphapittaghna, Aruchi,
MATRA - ½ to 1 Ratti (125 mgs) Twakvikara, Krimi, Netra Roga,
ANUPANA - Madhu Malavishodaka(R.R.S. 5/214)

YOGA - Kansya Kesari, Makaradhwajavati, MATRA - 1 Ratti (125 mgs)

Meghanada rasa, Lakshmivilasa ANUPANA - Madhu
rasa, Vatavidhwamsana rasa
YOGA - No specific yogas explained
40 41
 5. MAHARASA VARGA Naaga – Rakta (Phlogopite)
[HK(mgf)]3Mg3 A13-(Aio4)3–
TABLE OF MAHARASA ACCORDING TO
DIFFERENT AUTHORS Rakta Kriya

Name of Rasa Goraksha Rasaratna Manduka –Peeta(Lepidolite) KLi

Maharasa Hrudaya samhita Samucchaya [Al (OHF)2] Al (SiO4)3

Tantra Vajra – Krishna (Biotite) (H, K)2

Abhraka – + + (MgFe)2 (AlFe)2 (SiO4)3 Rasaayana
Karma – (Ferro magnesium)
Vaikranta + + +
Makshika + + + GRAAHYA – Snigdha, Pruthudala,
Vimal + + + LAKHSHANA Varnasa-myukta, Adhika
Shilajita + + + Bhaara, Sukhanirmucha
Sasyaka + + + Patra

Chapala – – + GUNA – Rasa–Kashaaya Madhura, Guna

Rasaka + + + – Snigdha, Virya-Sheeta,
Kanta Loha + – – Vipaaka – Madhura
Hingula + + – SHODHANA – Grahya Krishna Vajra
Abhraka Tapta patra Nirvaapana
ABHRAKA – (MICA) Sp. G-3 Hard 2-3 Kanji or Gomutra or 7 times

PARYAYA – Gagana, Bahupathra, Triphalaa Kwata or

Ambara, Vyoma, Vajra, Godugdha (RRS – 2)
Ghana, Kha, etc.
DHANYABHRAKA – Dhaanya (¼) + Abhraka (1)→
BHEDA – I. Utpatti – Uttara shailotta, Vastrabandha 3 Days Kanji →
Dakshina shailotta Mardan (RRS – 2)
II. Peenaka – Shweta MAARANA – Dhanyabhraka Kaasamarda Swarasa

(Muscovite) H2 KAl 3 (Sio 4)3–

Bhaavana
Chakrikaa→
Shweta Kriyaa Alkali mica
42 43
 Sharaavasamputa → ANUPANA – Ghrita, Madhu, Navanita,
Gajaputa (1-1000 puta) Dugdha, Roganusara
Bhasma (RRS – 2) Dravyaswarasa
AMRUTIKARANA – Abhraka Bhasma 10 Pala + YOGA – Arogyavardhini Vati, Brahat
Triphalaa Kashaaya 10 Pala Vatachintamanirasa,
+ Ghrita 8 Pala Vasantaku-sumakara Rasa,
Madhyamagni (RT – 10). Yogendrarasa, Panchamrut
LOHITIKARAN – Ahrakabhasma+ Vati, Gagana Parpati,
Soubhagyavati, etc.
Manjistakwatha Bhaavan →
Chakrika 4-5 Times Gajaput (RT VAIKRANTA (TOURMALINE) – KAl Si3 O8
– 10) Sp. G – 3-3.2 Hard – 7.7
SATVAPAATANA – Dhanyabhraka 1 Kg. + PARYAYA – Kuvajra, Churnavajrak,
Tankana ¼ Kg Musali Swarasa J i r n a v a j r a k ,
Gola in Musha → Bhavana.
Kshudrakulisha.etc.
Dradagni → Abhraka satva NIRUKTI – “Vikrutayanti Lohani Tena
(RRS – 2) Vaikrantakam Smrutam |”
BHASMA – Varna - Sindhuravarna. BHEDA – I. Shweta, Rakta, Peeta,
VISHLESHANA – Guna – Tridosha Shamaka, Neela, Paravat Prabha,
Yogavahini, Medhya, Shyamalam, Krishna,
Rasayana, Prameha, Parada Karbura (RRS – 2)
Bandhakrit, Deepana, II 1) Tourmaline
Keshya. Sparsha – 2) Flourspar 3) Calcium
Sukshmachurna Rasa – Florite 4) Rock Crystal
Niswada
GRAHYA – Ashta Phalaka, Ashta Dhara,
MATRA – 1-2 Ratti (1 Ratti = 125 mg)
LAKSHAN Shatkona, Snigdha, Guru,
Nirmala
44 45
GUNA – Rasa – Shadrasa, Guna –
Guru, Virya – Sheeta, Vipak
– Madhur.
SHODHANA – Grahya Vaikranta churna →
Pottali 1 day Swedan (dolayantra) in
Kulatha Kwatha
Nimburasa or Gomutra or
Kadalikanda Drava or
Ashwamutra (RRS – 2)
MARANA – Shuddha Vaikranta +
Shuddha Gandhaka (1:1) →
Nimburasa Bhavana →
Chakrika → Sharava
Samputa → Gajaputa (7-8
Times) (RRS –2).
BHASMA VARNA – Raktavarna
SATVAPATANA – Shuddha Vaikranta Churna
+ Draavaka Gana →
Chakrika → Musha → Agni
→ Swetabha Satva.
BHASMA GUNA – Medhya, Vrushya, Vishagna,
Yogavahi, Swasa, Pandu,
Shotha, Prameha Nashaka
MATRA – 1/24 to 1/11 Ratti
ANUPANA – Ghrita, Madhu.
46
YOGA – Soochikabharanarasa,
Kandar-parasa, Swarna-
sindhur,
Vasantakusamakararasa etc.
MAKSHIKA (COPPER AND IRON PYRITE)-
or
(Cu, Fe, S2)
Sp. g – 5 Hard – 6-5.6
PARYAYA – Tapija, Dhatumakshika,
Madhudhatu, Tapya etc.
BHEDA – Varna (1) Peeta (suvarna) 2)
Shukla (roupya 3) Rakta
(kamsya)
GRAHYA – Nishkona, Guru,
LAKSHANA Swarnavarna, Snigdha,
Vishamakrati, Anguli
Mardana→ Krishavarna on
plam & Yellowish on cloth.
GUNA – Rasa – Tikta, Madhura, Guna
– Sheeta, Laghu : Virya –
Sheeta; Vipak – Katu.
SHODHANA – 1) Grahya Makshika
Swedana (1 Yama) in
Churna
Kadalikand Swarasa or
Matulung Swaras(RRS 2)
47
 2) Tapta → Nirvapan →
Triphala Kashay or
Nimburasa (21 Times)
(RRS – 2)
MARANA – ShuddhaSwarna Makshika
Churna + Shuddhagandhaka
Churna (1:1) Bhavana Nimburasa
→ Chakrika → Varahaputa
(5-10 times) (RT – 21)
BHASMA VARNA – Sindhura Varna
MATRA – ½ -1 Ratti
ANUPANA – Triphala, Trikatu, Vidanga
Ghrita, Madhu
AMRUTIKARNA – Swarnamakshika Bhasma +
Panchamrta → Chakrika →
Sharavasaputa → Tikshagni
→ KrishnaVarna → Bhavana
→ Triphalakashaya →
Varahaputa → Raktabha
Varna
BHASMA GUNA – Kushta, Hridroga, Pandu,
Jirna Jvara
SATVAPATANA – Shuddha Makshika Churna
+ Shuddhanaaga →
Ksharatraya & Amlarasa
48
→ Mardana → Musha →
Tivragni Avapa Tamravarna
Satva.
YOGA – Grahanikapatarasa,
Panchamrutarasa,
Chandraprabha Vati,
Nainamrutarasa etc.
VIMALA (IRON PYRITE) - Fe2 S3
Sp. g 5-5.2 Hard – 6-6.5
PARYAYA – NIL
BHEDA – 1) Hema – Peeta- Hemakriya
– Shreshta
2) Roupya – Shukla –
Roupyakriya –
Madhyama.
3) Kansya – Lohita –
Oushaadhi Prayoga -
Adhama
GRAHYA – Vartula, Konasamyukta,
LAKSHANA Chatushkona, Phalakanvita,
Snigdha
SHODHANA – Grahya Vimalachurna →
Potali → Swedana (3 hrs) in
Vasaswarasa or
Nimbuswarasa or Mesha
Sringi Kwata (RRS – 2)
49
MARANA – Shuddha Vimala Churna+ a) Sasatwa. b) Nissatwa
Shuddha Gandhaka(1:1) 2) Karpura Gandhi –
Lakucha Swarasa
Chakrika Potassium Nitrate
Bhavana
→ Gajaputa (10
II. On the basis of Metallic
times) (RRS – 2)
Content –
BHASMA VARNA – Raktabha
1) Swarnadrija
GUNA – Vatapitta Shamaka Vrushya,
2) Rajatadrija According
Pandu, Grahininashaka.
to Charaka
MATRA – ½ - 1 Ratti
3) Tamradrija.
SATWAPATANA – Vimala Bhasma + Tankana
4) Lohadrija
+Meshasrungi bhasma
Lakucha Drava Bhavana
Musha → 5) Nagaadrija
Tivragini → Sisa Sannibha 6) Vangadrija.
Satva (RRS – 2)
GRAHYA – Laksha Sadrasha, Mrudu,
ANUPANA – Ghrita, Madhu
LAKSHANA Swaccha, Tikta, Katu,
YOGA – Kshayakesari Rasa, Gomutra Gandhayukta.
Madanasanjivana Rasa,
PARIKSHA – I. Vanhi Kshipta –
Kusumadhya Rasa. etc.
Lingaakara,
SHILAAJATU (BLACK BITUMEN OR Adhumakam.
MINERAL PITCH)
II. When put into water it
Asphaltum Punjabinum. must spread like a thread
PARYAYA – Atithi, Adrijatu, Shaila, up to the bottom without
Ashmasara, Girija, being dissolved.
Shiladhatu. PRAAPTI VIDHI – Suryatapi, Agnitapi.
BHEDA – I. Aakara Bhedha – SHODHAN – Prakshalana of Yavakshara
1) Gomutra Gandhi – Jala or Kanji or Gomutra or
50 51
 Triphala kwath → Aatapa YOGA – Arogyavardhini Vati,
Shuskata (RRS – 2) Chandra Prabhavati, Tripala
MARANA – Shuddha Shilajatu + Modaka etc.
Shuddha Manashila SASYAKA (COPPER SULPHATE, BLUE
+Shuddha Harataala + VITRIOL) - CUSO4 7H2O.
Shuddha Sp. g – 2.1 – 2.3 Hard – 2.5
Gandhaka (1:1:1:1) Bhavana-- PARYAYA – Tamragarbha, Tuthya,
Matulungarasa → Chakrika Shikhigreeva, Mayuraka,
→ Kapota Puta (1 time) (RRS Amruta Sanga.
- 2)
BHEDA – Yoni – 1) Swabhavaja
GUNA – Medhya, Rasayana, (Sasyak) 2) Krutrima
Yogavahini, Jwara, Shula, (Tuthyaka) (RJN)
Udara, Prameha,
Varna – 1) Rakta (Srestha) 2)
Kusta Nashaka Kalika (Adhama)
SATWAPATANA – Shilajatu + Amla and GRAHYA – Mayura Kantha Sadrusha
Dravaka Gana → Mardana →
LAXANA Varna, Guru, Neela Varna,
Musha Kosti →
Haritabha
Satwa – Loha samana satva.
Rakta, Snigdha.
MATRA – a) Pravara – 4 Tola - 7 Week
GUNA – Rasa – Katu Kashaya
b) Madhyama – 2 Tola – 3 Madhura Kshara; Guna –
Week Laghu, Ushna Veerya –
c) Awara – 1 Tola - 1 Week Ushna, Vipaka – Katu.
ANUPANA – Godhugdha, Takra, SHODHANA – Grahya Sasyaka Churna
Nimbu Rasa
Mamsarasa, Jala, Gomutra Shuddha Sasyaka
Bhavana (3)
etc. (RT – 21)

52 53
MARANA – Shuddha Sasyak + Shuddha
Gandhaka + Tankan (1:1:1)
Lakucha Rasa
Chakrika →
Kukkuta Puta (10) →
Bhavana (1)
Raktavarna Bhasma(RRS – 2)
GUNA – Phiranga, Upadamsha,
Netraroga, Kustha, Vruna,
Visha, Krumi Nashaka,
Balya.
MATRA – 1/8 – 1/4 Ratti
SATWAPATANA – Shuddha Sasyaka (1) +
Tankana (1/4) → Musha
(Filled with Karanja Taila) –
Leave for one day – Tivragni
→ Indragopa Sadrusha
Tamra Varna Satva.
YOGA – Jatyadi Taila, Trilokya
Chintamani Rasa,
Vadavanala Rasa,
Mahamrutunjaya Rasa etc.
CHAPALA(BISMUTH (Bi) or SILLENIUM)
Sandhigdha Dravya
Sp. g – 9.7 Hard – 2 – 2.5
PARYAYA – Shaila (Rasarnava)
54
BHEDA – I. Varna Bheda –
1) Goura (Peeta) – Native
Bismuth.
2) Sweta – Chiradrava –
Rasabandhakar –
Bismuth Oxide
3) Aruna – Raktavarna
L a k s h a v a t h ,
Nishphala, Shighra
Draava
4) Krishna Bismuth
Sulphide
II. 1) Sita 2) Asita 3) Harita
4) Shona (Rakta) (Ref. -
Rasapaddati)
III.1) Swarna Chapala 2) Tara
Chapala 3) Tamra Chapala
4) Naga Chapala 5) Vanga
Chapala 6) Teekshna
Chapala
APPEARANCE – Crystals – hexagonal, rarely
rhombohedral
Compact Masses, Metallic
Lustre, Opaque. Contents –
Traces of Arsenic, Sulphur,
Selenium, Tellurium.
55
GUNA – Rasa – Tikta, Madhura; BHEDA – I. Aakara -
Guna – Ushna, Snigdha, 1) Mruttikakara (Peeta) –
Guru. Uttama Zinc oxide
KARMA – Lekhana, Ati Vrushya, Deha 2) Gudhabha –
Lohakara, Yoganuga, Madhyama Zinc
Tridoshagna. sulphide
Jambirarasa.
SHODHANA – Grahya Chapala 3) Pashanabha –
Shuddha Chapala Bhavana (7 times)
Adhama Zinc silicate
MARANA – Shuddha chapala + (Rasarnava)
Bhavana
Rasasindura II. Rachananusara –
Nirgundirasa → Chakrika → 1) Dardura (Sadala)
Putapaka in Valuka yantra – Calomine –
Rakta varna satva. Satwapatanartha
BHASMA VARNA – Raktavarna 2) Karavellaka-Smith
SATWAPATANA – Shuddha chapala + Visha or sonite –
upavisha or Dhanyamla → Oushadikaryartha
M a r d a n a→P i n d i n i r m a n a (RRS)
Andhamoosha Koshti yantra Satwa GRAHYA – 1) Dardura (Sadala)
Madhyamagni Calomine – Mandukavat

RASAKA (ZINC CARBONATE)- (Zn Co3) LAKSHANA Prushta

Sp. g 5.7 Hard – 4.5 2) Karavellaka Smith sonite

– Pindirupa
PARYAYA – Kharpara, Tamra Ranjaka,
Yashadakarana, Netrarogari, GUNA – Rasa – Katu kashaya
Reetikrita, Rasaka etc. Guna – Ruksha, Laghu
Karma – Ranjaka, Kledana

56 57
SHODHANA – Grahya Kharpara 6. UPARASA VARGA
Tapta
Nirwapana in Nimburasa 7 UPARASAS ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT
times
or Ashvamutra or Takra AUTHORS
or Kanji or Naramutra (RRS

Goraksha samhita
R. P. Sukhakara

Bru. Yo. Taram

Anandakanda
Rasopanishat

Rasapaddati
Rasamanjari
R. H. Tantra

R. R. Laxmi
Chudamani

R. Sa. Sam.
– 2)

Rasarnava
DRAVYA NAMA

Rasendra

R. R. S.

A. P.
MARANA – Shuddha Kharpara + Shuddha
Parada (1:1) Mardana Kumarirasa
Bhavana
5 Gola
Gandhaka + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Nirmana → Aatapa suskata Haratala + + + + + + + + + + + + + -
Manashila + + + + + + + + + + + + + -
1 Day
Mrudu Madhya tivragni Sphatika + + + + + + + + - - - + + -
Kasisa + + + + + + - + + + + +
→ Raktavarna Bhasma (AP – 2) Gairika + + + + + + + + - - + + + +
Rajavarta + - - - - - - - - - - + -
BHASMAGUNA – Lekhana, Bhedana, Prameha, Kamakushtha + + - + + + + - + - + + +
Kushta, Dehalohashiddikar Anjana - + + + + - + - + + + + +
Souveera - - - - - + - - - - - - -
SATWAPATANA – Shuddha Kharpara + Laksha Heera + + - + +
Vaikranta + + - + +
Churna + Shilajetu + Bhunaga Abhraka + + + + -
Kharpara + + + + -
+ Haritaki + Haridra + Tuthya + + + - -
Grahadhuma + Tankana (Each Vimala + + - - -
Swarnama-
¼ kg.) Paka Andhamoosha → kshika + + + - -
Agni → Satwa (Yashadhadhatu) Varatika + + + + +
Kantapashana + + + + +
(RRS – 2) Hingula + + + + +
Shankha + + + + +
MATRA – 1/2 – 2 Ratti Bhunaga + + + + +
Tankana + + + + +
YOGA – Kshayakesarirasa, Lakshmiv- Shilajita + + + + +
Khatika - + +
ilasarasa, Vasantamalatirasa, Sikata + + +
Pradarantakarasa etc. Bola - + +
ChumbakLoha - + +
Sourashtrimru - + +
Sindhura + + +
Samudrafena + + +
Shambuka + + +
58 59
GANDHAKA (SULPHUR)- S GUNA – Rasa – Katu, Tikta, Kashaya.
Sp. g. 1.9 to 2.1Hard 1.5 to 2.5 Guna → Ushna, Sara
PARYAYA – Kusthari, Keetagna, Veerya → Ushna
Balivasa, Lelitak, Sulvari, M.P. → 112.80 C
Pamari, Rasagandha etc.
Vipaka →Madhura
BHEDA – I. 1) Rakta –
Sukachinchabha – BP → 2700 C
Uttama SHODHANA – Grahya Gandhak Churna in
Grita Lipta Darvi
2) Peeta → Shukapiccha
Agni Dravarupi Dhalana (7times)
- Rasarasayanartha –
Madhyama Bhringaraja Swarasa

3) Shukla – Khatika → Pitavarna Shodhita

Lepanartha – Adhama Gandhaka. (RRS-3)
4) Krishna → GANDHAKA – Shuddha Gandhaka 3 Bhavana
Jaramrutyuhara → Dugdha 8 Bhavana
Chaturjata
Durlabha
RASAYANA Triphala, Guduchi, Shunthi,
II. 1) Amalasara → Bringaraj & Aardraka Dry
Abhyantara
Gandhaka Rasayana (AP-2)
Prayogartha
UPAYOGA – Dhatukshaya Prameha,
2) Pinda → Bahya
Udararoga, Kustha, Balya,
Prayogartha.
Vrushya.
GRAHYA – Sukapiccha Samana,
MATRA – 1 – 8 Rattis
LAKSHANA Peetaharitabha,
YOGA – Arshakuthararas, Kajjali,
Navaneetasamaprabha, Makardhawaja Panchamruta
Masruna Kathina Snigdha, Parpati, Rasaparpati etc.
Manibhakruti.(A.P.2/20)
60 61
GAIRIKA (OCHRE) - Fe2O3 SHUDDHA – Sheeta, Madhura, Kashaya
Sp. g. 4.5 to 5 Rasa, Raktapitta, Hikka,
Vamana,
PARYAYA – Girija, Raktha dhatu,
Girimruttika, Gairika, GAIRIKA GUNA - Visha, Raktasrava Nashaka.
Gairya, Lohadhatu etc. MATRA – 2 – 4 Rattis
GRAYHA – Raktha Varna, Snigdha, YOGA – Kandarpa Rasa, Gairikadya
Masrana, Mrudu Pralepa, Jatyadi Taila,
LAKSHANA For Pasana Gairika – Katina, Krimighatini Gutika,
Tamra Varna (Ref. RRS 3/4r) Pradarantaka Loha,
BHEDA – 1) Swarna Gairika – Kidney Somagratha etc.
Iron Ore KASISA (GREEN VITRIOL) - FeSO47H2O
2) Samanya Gairika – Sp. g. – 1.8 to 1.9 Hard – 2
Haemotite – Fe2O3 PARYAYA – Dhatukasisa, Pamshuka,
3) Pashana Gairika – Pamshukasisa,
Haemotite – Fe2O3 [RRS - Pushpakasisa, Khaga,
3/47, Ayu. Pr. – 2/261] Khechara etc.
SHODHANA – 1) Grahya Gairika Churna GRAYHA – Haritavarna, Manibhakriti.
Dughdha
Dried → Shuddha LAKSHANA
Bhavana (3)
Gairika (RRS-3) BHEDA – 1) Sweta, Peeta, Krishna
2) Grahya Gairika Churna (Rasarnava)
Ghrita
Shuddha Gairika 2) Sweta, Peeta, Rakta,
Bharjana
(AP-2) Krishna (Anandakanda)
SATWAPATANA – Shuddha Gairika Kshara Varga / 3) Kasisa, Dhatu Kasisa,
Amla Varga Dravya
Musha Satva Pushpakasisa (AP)
Swedana Agni

62 63
SHODHANA – 1) Grahya Kasisa Churna KANKSHI (SPHATIKA)
Bhringaraja swarasa
Dried POTASH ALUM K2SO4Al2 (SO)3 24H2O
Klinnam
Shuddha Kasisa
PARYAYA – Kankshi, Sourashtri,
(RRS – 3)
Shubhra, Tuvari, Rangada
2) Grahya Kasisa Churna etc.
Bhringaraja swarasa
Dried
Swedana (3 Prahara) GRAHYA – Ishat Peetavarna, Guru,
Shuddha
Kasisa (AP – 2) LAKSHANA Snigdha.
MARANA – Shuddha Kasisa Kanji BHEDA – 1) Sita, Krishna (Rasarnava)
Bhavana (7)
Chakrika 2) Phataki, (Ishat Peeta),
Laghu Puta (Till Phullika (Shubhra),
Niramla) Raktavarna (RRS)
Bhasma (RT – 21)
SHODHANA – Grahya Kankshi Iron
MATRA – ½ Ratti – 2 Ratti. pan Agni
Shuddha
SATWAPATANA – Shuddha Kasisa (1) + Kasisa (AP – 2)
Yavakshara, Tankanashara, MARANA – Shuddha Sphatika Sharava Samputa
Sarjakshsara (¼ each) Laghu puta (1) Agni

Nimbu Swarasa
Musha Satva Shweta Bhasma
Bhavana
(RRS – 3) (Paradasamhita)
ANUPANA – Madhu MATRA – 2 Ratti – 4 Ratti.
UPAYOGA – Pandunashaka, SATWAPATANA – Sphatika+Kshara orAmla,
Rajapravartak, Balya. etc. Dravya Satva (RRS – 3)
Agni
YOGA – Kasisadigutika, Kasisadya
Taila, Rajapravartini Vati,
Loharasayana, Bruhatvata
Chintamani Rasa etc.

64 65
UPAYOGA – Keshya, Vranagna, MARANA – Not Needed.
Vishagna, Rakta sthambaka, SATWA PATANA – Haratala, Arka Dugdha + Tila Taila
Vruna Shodhaka etc. Bhavana (1 day)
(1 Tola)
YOGA – Shankha Drava, Mardana
Eladimantha. Dravaka rasa, Pachana (7 Prahara)
Swanga Shita
Shuddha Sphatika Churna Valuka Yantra

etc.
Shweta Varna Satwa(RRS – 3)
HARATALA (In Tala bhaga)

(YELLOW ARSENIC) (As2S3)

GUNA KARMA – Agni Deepaka, Balakaaraka,
Sp. g. 3.4 to 3.5, Hard – 1.5 to 2 Kaantikara, Vrushya,
PARYAYA – Taala, Pinjara, Vangari, Rasayana, Mrityuhara.
Kharjura, Vamshapatra, Kushta, Arsha,
Romahrut etc. Vishamajwara, Nadi rana,
Kasa, Shwasa, Prameha.
BHEDA – 1) Patra Taala (Uttama), Pinda
Taala (Adhama) MATRA – ¼ Ratti - ½ Ratti
GRAHYA – Swarna Varna, Guru, ANUPANA – Guduchi Kashaya, Madhu,
Ghrita
LAKSHANA Snigdha, Tanupatra,
Bhasura, Bahupatra, YOGA – Kasturi Bhairava Rasa,
Taalakeshwara Rasa,
GUNA – Rasa – Katu, Tikta Kashaya,
Taalasindura, Nityananda
Guna – Snigdha, Ushna,
Rasa, Vatagajankusha Rasa,
Veerya - Ushna
Samirapannaga Rasa etc.
SHODHANA – Grahya Haratala Churna
Kushmanda Swarasa
Wash in hot
Swedana, Dolayantra (3 hrs)
water
Shuddha Haratala (RRS – 3)

66 67
MANASHILA SATWA PATANA – Manashila + Guda, Guggulu
(REALGAR) (As2S2) Mandura, Ghrita (1/8th Each)
Mardana Gola Musha
Sp. g. 3.5, Hard – 1.5 to 2
Satwa (RT – 11) Agni

PARYAYA – Rogashila, Naipalika,

GUNA KARMA – Agni Mandya, Kandu Kasa,
Manohwa, Manojna,
Kshaya, Shwasa, Krimi,
Kalyanika, Rasa Gandhaka
Visharoga Nashaka,
etc.
MATRA – 1/8 Ratti – 1/4 Ratti
BHEDA – 1) Shyamangi (Rakta varna
uttama), Kanaveeraka ANUPANA – Madhu,
(Peetavarna madhyama), YOGA – Krimihara Rasa, Kshaya
Khandakya (Ati rakta kesari Rasa, Trilokya
varna), Adhama – (RRS) Chintamani Rasa,
2) Shyama, Kanaveera, Manashiladyanjana.
Dvikhanda – (AP) Manashiladyavarti, Rasaraja
Rasa etc.
GRAHYA – Rakta Utpala Prabha, Guru,
ANJANA
LAKSHANA Deepta.
(COLLYRIUM)
GUNA – Rasa –Tikta Katu, Guna –
Snigdha, Guru, Sara Veerya PARYAYA – Mechaka, Lochaka (RT – 22)
- Ushna BHEDA – I) 1) Sauviranjana
SHODHANA – Grahya Manashila (Aushadhopayogi),

Agastyapatra / Aardraka Swarasa 2) Nilanjana

(Dhatukarma
Bhavana (7)
Shuddha Manashila
Upayogi)
(RT – 11)
3) Srotoanjana (For
MARANA – Not Explained.
explosives),

68 69
 4) Pushpanjana (Vruna 2) Grahya Nilanjan Churna
& Twak Roga Upayogi Nimbu swarasa
5) Rasanjana (Netra bhavana for 8 hours
Roga, Vruna Nashaka Dried in sunlight(AP – 2)
& Shodhaka). (RRS – 3) Grahya Rasanjan – 3
3) Bhavanas in suryavartadi
II) 1) Sweta (Sauviranjana) yoga. (RRS – 3)

2) Krishna (Srotoanjana) MARANA – No Reference available.

(AP – 2) SATWA PATANA – Anjana + Guda, Guggulu,
GRAHYA – 1) Sauviranjana (Dhumra, Mandura Ghrita (1/8th Each)
Mardana Gola Musha
LAKSHANA Pandu sweta),
Satwa agni
2) Srotoanjana
GUNA KARMA – 1) Sauviranjana
(Valmikavath,
(Pittashamaka),
Neelavarna),
2) Srotoanjana
3) Nilanjana (Guru)
(Kaphapittashamaka),
4) Pushpanjana (Sweta
3) Nilanjana
Varna)
(Tridoshanashaka)
5) Rasanjana (Peeta Varna).
4) Pushpanjana
SHODHANA – 1) Grahya Sauviranjana & (Tridoshanashaka)
Srotanjana Kalka 5) Rasanjana (Netrarogari).
Pottali
Swedana for 3
MATRA –
hours in Triphala kwatha
/ Bhringaraja swarasa ANUPANA –
(AP – 2) YOGA – Rasendramangalarasa, Pushyanuga
churna, Patrangasava, Chandanadi
churna etc.
70 71
KANKUSHTA (GAMBOSE TREE) 7. SADHARANA RASA VARGA
GARCINIA MORELLA TABLE SHOWING THE DRUGS OF
PARYAYA – Taalakushta, Teekshna SADHARANA RASA
dughdhika, Rechaka, ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT TEXTS
Swarnakshiriniryasa, Rasendra Rasapr- Rasa Rasa Ayur-
Name of the
Hemavati etc. Sadharana Chuda- akasha Dhatu Ratna veda
Rasa mani Sudh- Pra- Samuc- Prak-
BHEDA – Nalika akara kash chaya asha

Renuka (RRS – 3)
Kampillaka + - + + +
GRAHYA – Nalika – Raktabhapeeta,
Gouripashana + - + + +
LAKSHANA Guru, Snighda,
Navasadara + + + + +
Renuka – Agrahya
Kaparda + + + + +
GUNA – Rasa – Tikta, Veerya – Ushna.
Agnijara + + + + +
SHODHANA – Grahya Kankushta churna
Girisindhura + + + + +
Shunti kwatha
bhavana(3) Shuddha Hingula + + + + -
Kankustha (RRS – 3)
Mruddarashranga + + + + -
MARANA –
Chapala - - - - +
SATWA PATANA –
GUNA KARMA – Teekshna rechaka, Vruna,
KAMPILLAKA
Udaravarta, Shoola, Gulma, MALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Pleeha roga nashaka etc. PARYAYA – Karkasha, Raktachurna,
MATRA – 1 Yava – 1 Ratti Rechana, Chandra,
ANUPANA – Ushnajala Lohitanga etc.

YOGA – Udavartahara ghrita, BHEDA – Not Explained

Dhanvantari ghrita etc.
72 73
GRAHYA – Istikachurna Sadrusha, GOURI PASHANA ( ARSENIOUS OXIDE) -
LAKSHANAS Ruksha, Shlakshna. (As2O3)

GUNA – Vanaspatija Dravya HARDNESS – 3.73, M.P – 2000C B. P. - 6150C

Rasa Katu,Amla, Ushna, PARYAYA – Aakhupashana, Somala,

Gandharahita Not soluble in Sambal, Rasabandhakara,
water but soluble in ether of Hatachoornaka etc.
alcohol, Atirechaka. BHEDA – 1. Sphatikabha
SHODHANA – Grahya Kampillaka churna Swetavarna Uttama
(500 gms) add to 1lt of 2. Shankhabha Pandu
15 mm
water Shuddha varna Madhyama
Kampillaka (It floats on 3. Haridrabha Peeta
surface of water). varna Adhama(RRS–3)
MARANA – Not Needed. 1. Sweta
SATWA PATANA – Not Needed. Shankhabha
GUNA KARMA – Pitta Shamak, Adhavana, Krutrima White
Vibandha, Udara Krumi, Arsenic
Gulma, Shotha etc. 2. Peeta Dadimabha
MATRA – 1 Masha / Rechan – 3 – 6 Khanija Yellow
Masha. Arsenic. (AP – 2)

ANUPANA – Ushna jala GRAHYA – Tankan Sadrusha,

YOGA – Triphaladi Ghrita, Patoladi LAKSHANAS Shlakshna, Lasungandhi

Churna, Shyamadi Churna, vahnikshiptam
Gaganagarbhavati etc. GUNA – Snigdha
Paradbandhakruta
Kamashakti vardhaka

74 75
SHODHANA – Grahya Gouri Pashana PRATIVISHA – Grita, Yolk of Egg.
churna Swedana Dolayantra (2 yama) NAVASADARA
Karavellakpatra Rasa AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (NH4Cl)
Shuddha somala (RRS-3) PARYAYA – Chullika Lavana, Istika
MARANA – Shuddha Somal Churna Lavana, Kittasara. etc.
Bhavana
Tridharasnuhirasa GUNA DHARMA – Swetavarna, Kshareeya
Chakrika Place in a pot Dravya.
containing Snuhibhasma
SHODHANA – Grahya Navasadar (100 gm)
Remaining part is filled with
+ Jala (300 gms) Filter (2
Snuhibhasma Bhudara
times) Agni Shuddha
Puta Bhasma (Bhasma
Navasadar (RT – 14)
vijnana).
GUNA – Deepana, Pachana,
GUNA – Rasayan, Vrushya, Shwasa,
Sookshma, Teekshna,
Kasa, Pleeha, Sleepada,
Pleeha, Mukhashosha,
Phirang, Kustha etc.
Parad Jaranartha.
MATRA – 1/120 Ratti – 1/30 Ratti,
MATRA – 2-8 Ratti
Shuddha Somal 1 Ratti + 15
Masha Mareecha ANUPANA – Jala
churna Aaradraka ras SATWA PATANA – Dravya itself is in Satwa form.
bhavan 3 days – Vati (of 1 YOGA – Kshara Parpati,
Ratti each) 1BD Shankhadrava, Sweta
ANUPANA – Dugdha, Jala Parpati, Vrushchika
Damshahara
SATWA PATANA – Haratalavat.
YOGA – Mallasindhura, Sameer Lepa etc.
Pannaga Rasa, Vadavanalaras
Ardhavabhedhak Rasa. etc.

76 77
VARATIKA (COVRIES) GUNA KARMA – Deepana, Vrushya, Agni
(CALCIUM CARBONATE) (CaCO3) Mandya, Parinaama Shoola,
Grahani, Kshaya Nashaka,
Sp. g. 3.5, Hard – 1.5 to 2 Vatakapha Nashaka.
PARYAYA – Kapardika, Kapardi, Chara,
MATRA – 2 Ratti
Charachara, Varata, Varati
etc. ANUPANA – Jala

BHEDA – 1) Peeta (Uttama), Shweta YOGA – Agnikumara Rasa, Grahani

(Madhyama), Dhusara Kapata Rasa,
(Adhama) – R. T. Prawalapanchamruta Rasa,

2) Varatika, Varata–R. R. S. Pradarantaka Loha,

Lavangadi Vati etc.
GRAHYA – Deergha Vranta, Swarna
Varna, Prushte, Granthila, AGNIJARA

LAKSHANA Sardha shaana. AMBARGRIS

GUNA – Rasa – Katu, Tikta, Guna - PARYAYA – Agnija, Agnigarbha,

Guru, Veerya – Ushna Agniniryasa, Jaraayu,
Sindhuphala etc.
SHODHANA – Grahya Varatika(1 part) +
Kanji (4 part) Swedana (1 Yama) BHEDA – —
Dolayantra
Wash with GRAHYA – Shyava varna, Sugandhi,
lukewarm water Shuddha LAKSHANA Vahni Kshipta Putigandha,
Varatika (RRS – 3) GUNA – Rasa – Katu, Guna - Laghu,
MARANA – Shuddha Varatika, Veerya – Ushna
Sharava Samputa SHODHANA – No Reference
Gajaputa Make churna
MARANA – No Reference
Shweta Bhasma (RT –12)
SATWA PATANA – No Reference

78 79
GUNA KARMA – Deepana, Grahi, Pitta kara, medicinal and other uses are
Vatakaphanashaka, not mentioned in classics but
Medoroga nashaka etc. Rasataringini has given its
shodhana. Hence it remains
MATRA – 1/4 to 1/2 Ratti
as a controversial drug as it
ANUPANA – Madhu, Ghrita, Navaneet.
medicinal or other purpose use
YOGA – Brahatvatachintamanirasa, is not told.
Chintamanirasa, YOGA – Sindhuradi malahara,
Dhatrirasayana etc. Gandhakadya malahara.
GIRISINDURA (Sandigdha) HINGULA (CINNABAR) HgS
(RED OXIDE OF MERCURY) HgO Sp. g. 8.1, Hard – 2.5
PARYAYA – Raktarenu. PARYAYA – Churna Parada, Darada,
GRAHYA – Snigdha, Guru, Mleccha, Rasagarbha,
Rasodbhava, Shukatunda,
LAKSHANA
Hamsapada, Lohagna etc.
BHEDA – Naga sindhura
BHEDA – 1) Khanija, Kritrima (RT),
Girisindhura
2) Charmara (Krishnavarna or
GUNA – Rasa – Katu, Tikta, Virya –
Raktavarna), Shukatunda
Ushna, Tridoshashamaka,
(Peetavarna), Hamsapada
SHODHANA – (Japakusumavarna –
MARANA – Not Explained. Shreshta) (AP)
GUNA KARMA – Rasa bhandana sresta, GRAHYA – Japakusuma Sannibha
Kandu,Kusta,
LAKSHANA Raktavarna.
Vispota,Visharoga Nashaka
etc. GUNA – Rasa – Katu, Tikta, Kashaya.

Girisundhur is considered as SHODHANA – 1) Grahya Hingula Churna

Mesha Kshira
one of the ore of mercury. Its + Nimbu RasaDry
80 81
 Bhavana (1) Bhavana (7)
BHEDA – Peeta varna (Sadala/
Shuddhahingula (AP–2) Khanija), Pandu varna
(Nirdala/ Kritima) (AP – 2)
2) Grahya Hingula Churna
Aadraka / Lakucha Swarasa GRAHYA – Peetabha, Sadala,

Bhavana (7) LAKSHANA Sisagarbha, Kharasparsha,

Guru.
Shuddhahingula(RRS–3)
GUNA – Sheeta, Guru.
MARANA – Reference not available.
SHODHANA – Grahya Mriddarshringa,
Patana Yantra
SATWA PATANA – Shuddha Hingula Mardana
Churna
Adhah Patana
Vastragalana Bhavana (15 days)
Satva (Parada) (RRS – 3) Jala

GUNA KARMA – Tridoshanashaka, Shushkata Shudda

Deepaniya, Vrushya, Mriddarashring (RT – 21)
Sarvarogagna
MARANA – Reference not available.
MATRA – ½ Ratti to 1 Ratti.
SATWA PATANA – Mriddarashringa Churna +
ANUPANA – Maricha & Guda, Pippali & Tankana + Charcoal (1 : ¼ :
Guduchi Swarasa, Madhu. ¼ ) Mardana Musha
YOGA – Anandabhairava Rasa, Dhridhagni Satwa.
Mrutunjaya Rasa, Kanaka
GUNA KARMA – Kesharanjaka, Keshya, Phiranga
Sundara Rasa, Amruta
nashaka, Bhagna sandhanakara,
Manjari Rasa, etc.
Rasabandhakara,Twakdoshanashaka.
MRIDDARASHRINGA MATRA – —
(LITHARGE)
ANUPANA – —
PARYAYA – 1) Mriddara sringaka, Bodara
YOGA – Lepanartha.
sringa, Murdaashanka etc.

82 83
 8. RATNA VARGA Arrangement of Ratna’s according to
Deffinition – Square
N
Ratnas are the precious stones which are of
high cost and attracted by whelthy people. N.W Tarkshya Hirka Mukta N.E

ARRANGEMENT OF RATNA’S ACCORDING TO W Pusparaj Manikya Prawal E

DISHA
S.W Vaidurya Neelam Gomed S.E
Name of English DISHA
Ratna Arrangement of Ratna’s according to
Name
Rectangular
Manikya Ruby Madhya (Centre) N
Mukta Ishanya (N.E)
Pearl N.E
N.W Hirka
Prawal Poorva (E)
Coral Tarkshya Mukta
Tarkshya Vayavya (N.W)
Emerald W Pusparaj Manikya Prawal E
Pusparaj Paschhim (W)
Topaz Vaidurya Gomed
Hiraka Uttara (N) S.W S.E
Diamond Neelam
Neelam Dakshina (S)
Sapphire
Gomed S
Zircon/ Aagneya (S.E)
Circular arrangement of Ratna’s
Vaidurya Hessonite Nairutya (S.W)
Hirka N
Cat’s Eye ya

M
sh

uk
rk N.W N.E
Ta

ta
Pusparaj

Praw
Manikya
W E

al
Va ed
id o m
ur G
ya S.W
Neelam
S.E
S
84 85
TABLE OF RATNAS & GRAHAS Manikya – Swedana in Dolayantra with
Amlavargadrvya Swarasa for 3 hours.
Name of English Hindi Symbol S.GR. Hard- Graha
Wash with water.
Ratna Name Name ness
Al2O3
Mukta – Swedana in Dolayantra with Jayanti
Manikya Ruby Manik 4 6 Surya
Swarasa for 3 hours.
Mukta Pearl Moti CaCO3 2.65 3.5 Chandra
Prawal – swedana in Dolayantra with
Prawal Coral Munga CaCO3 2.60 3.5 Mangala
Ksharavargeeya Drava for 3 hours.
Tarkshya Emerald Panna BeAl2(SiO3)6 2.71 7.5 Budha
Pusparaj Topaz Pokharaj Al (F.OH )SiO 3.6 8 Guru Tarkshya – Swedana in Dolayantra with
2 2 4
Shukra Godugdha for 3 hours.
Hiraka Diamond Hira C 3.6 10
Neelam Sapphire Nilam Al2O3 4 6 Shani Pusparaj – Swedana in Dolayantra with equal
Gomed Zircon Gomed 4.65 7.5 Rahu quantity of Kanji and Kulatthakwatha
Zr.SiO4
for 3 hours.
Hessonite
Vaidurya C a t ’ s Lahsuni BeO.Al O 3.5 8.5 Ketu Hirka – Swedana in Dolayantra with
2 3
Eye Tanduleeya rasa for 3 hours.

RATNA SAMANYA SHODHANA Neelam – Swedana in Neelee rasa for 3 hours.

Shuddyatyamlena Manikyam Jayantya Mouktikam Gomed – Swedana in Dolayantra with

Tatha | Gorechanayutajala for 3 hours.

Vidrumam Ksharavargena Tarkshym Vaidurya – Swedana in Dolayantra with Triphala

Godugdhakaistha || kwath for 3 hours.

Pushparagam Cha Sandhanaihi Kulattakwatha

Samutai |
Tanduleeyajalairvajram Neelam Nileerasena Cha ||
Rochanabhiccha Gomedam Vaiduryam
Triphalajalaihi || REF : RRS 4/62.

86 87
RATNA ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT AUTHORS SHODHANA – Grahya Manikya, Nimbu Swarasa

Rasopanishada

Dashavtardati
Prakshalana Swedana (Dolayantra) 3 Hrs.

Rasaprakash
Name

Anandkanda
Chudamani
RasaRantna
Samucchya

PadVishnu
Rasendra

Dashavtar

Tarangini
sudhakar

Sangrah
Rasasar
Vishnu
of

Rasa
Puran

Rasa
Jala
Shuddha Manikya (RT
Ratna
– 23)
Manikya + + + + + + + + + MAARANA – Shodhita Manikya Churna
Mukta + + + + + + + + +
Prawal + + + - + + + + + Shodhita Gandhaka
Tarkshya + + + - + + + + +
Pusparaj + + + - + + + + + Shodhita Manashila
Hiraka + + + + + + + + + Shodhita Haratala
Neelam + + + + + + + + +
Gomed + + + + + + + + + Lakucha Swarasa
Vaidurya + + + + + + + + +
Vaikrant - - - + - - - - - Bhaavana Chakrika
MANIKYA (RUBY) Sharava Samputa
Al2 O3 Gajaputa 8
Sp. G-4 Hard 9 Shweta Bhasma (RRS – 4)
PARYAYA – Kuruvinda, Padmaraga, GUNA – Deepana, Vrushya,
Raviratna, Ratnarat, Ravipriya, Kaphavataghna,
Soughandhika, etc. Kshayaroganashaka,
Medhya, Rasayana,
BHEDA – Padmaraga,
Aayushya
Neelagandhi,(RRS-4)
MATRA – 1/4 – ½ Gunja (RT-23/59)
GRAAHYA – Kamalapushpadala
ANUPANA – Madhu,
LAKHSHANA sadrusha, Raktavarna,
Snigdha, Swaccha, YOGA – Brahmivati,
Vruttayata,- Oval. Navaratnarajamrigankarasa,
Maniparpatirasa, etc.
GUNA – Rasa –Madhura, Guna –
Snigdha, Virya-Sheeta, Vipaaka
– Madhura
88 89
MUKTA (PEARL) MARANA – Shodhita Mukta Churna
CALCIUM CARBONATE – Ca Co3 Gulab Jal
Chakrika Sharava Samputa

Sp. G – 2.71 Hard – 3.5 Bhavana Laghu Puta (3)

PARYAYA – Muktaphala, Ambhasara, Shweta Varna Bhasma (RT –

Mouktika, Shashiratna etc. 23)
BHEDA – I. Srotobheda – Shuktija, MUKTA PISHTI – Shuddha Mukta Churna
Shankhaja, Hastija, Gulab Jal
Mukta Pishti
Varahaja, Sarpaja, Bhavana (3)

Matsyaja, Darduraja
Venuja (AP – 5) BHASMA GUNA – Sheetala, Vishagna,
Viryavardhaka, Hridya,
II Nirmana Bheda –
Aayushya, Dahagna,
Praakruta, Kritrima
MATRA – ¼ to 1 Ratti
GRAHYA – Hridita, Shweta, Laghu,
YOGA – Kandarparasa,
LAKSHAN Snigdha, Rashmivat,
Kasturibhairavarasa,
Nirmalam,
Grahanikapatarasa,
Toyaprabha,Vrutta.
Trilokyachintamanirasa,
GUNA – Rasa – Madhura, Guna – Makaradhwaja,
Laghu, Virya – Sheeta, Vipak Muktapanchamrutarasa,
– Madhur. Vasantamalatirasa etc.
SHODHANA – Grahya Mukta Pottali PRAVALA (CORAL)
Jayanti Patra Swarasa
CaCO3
Swedan (dolayantra) 1 Yama
Jala Sp. G-2.6 – 2.7 Hard 3.5
Prakshalana Shuddha
PARYAYA – Pravalaka, Bhoumaratna,
Mukta (RT – 23)
Vidruma, Raktanga,
Latamani etc.

90 91
BHEDA – I) Varna – Sweta, Dhoosara,
Krishna, Rakta
II) Akruti, Pravala Shakha,
Pravala Moola,
GRAHYA – Pakwa bimbi phala sadrusha
LAKHSHANA raktavarna, Gola,
Ayata,Vakram, Snigdham,
Vruna Rahita, Sthoola.
GUNA – Rasa – Madhura, Guna –
Laghu, Veerya – Sheeta,
Vipaaka – Madhura
SHODHANA – Grahya Pravala
Jayanti Swarasa / Sarjaksharajala
Swedana (Dolayantra) 3 Hrs.
Shuddha Pravala (RT – 23)
MAARANA – Shodhita Pravala Churna
Kumari/Shatavari/Jayantiswarasa
Bhavana
Sharava Samputa
Sweta Varna Bhasma.(RRS)
PRAVALA – Shuddha Pravala + Gulaba
PISHTI Jala Mardana for 3 days
Pravala Pishti
92
BHASMA GUNA – Deepana, Vrushya,
Raktapittaghna, Balya,
Kshaya Kasanashaka,
Medhya, Aayushya
MATRA – ½ to 2 Gunja
ANUPANA – Madhu, Navaneeta.
YOGA – Kasturibhairavarasa,
Pravala Panchamruta,
Ratnagarbhapottali etc.
TARKSHYA (EMARALD)
Be3Al2(SiO3)6
Sp. G - 2.7 Hard 7 - 8
PARYAYA – Marakata, Garudamani,
Budharatna, Harinmani,
Souparna etc.
BHEDA – I) Harita, Neela, Sweta,
GRAHYA – Haritavarni, Snigdha,
Chakrika
LAKHSHANA Guru, Rashmipunja,
Kantiyukta, Bahugatra.
Gajaputa (3) GUNA – Rasa – Madhura, Guna –
Sheeta, Veerya – Sheeta,
Vipaaka – Madhura
93
SHODHANA – Grahya Tarkshya YOGA – Maniparpatirasa,
Godugdha
Ratnabhagottararasa,
Yakuti etc.
Swedana (Dolayantra) 3 Hrs.

Shuddha Tarkshya (RT – 23) PUSHPARAGA (TOPAZ)

MAARANA – Shodhita Tarkshya Churna Al(F2OH)2 SiO4

Suddha Gandhaka Sp. G - 3.6 Hard - 8

Suddha Hartala PARYAYA – Pushparaja, Peetarakta,

Gururatna, Guruvallabha
Suddha Manashila
etc.
Samabhaga
BHEDA – I) Padmaragavat,
Lakucha Swarasa
Chakrika Markatavat
(Yuktikalpataru)
Bhavana

Sharava Samputa Gajaputa (8) II) Sweta, Peeta, Pandu,

Sweta Varna Bhasma Gulaba (Varnabheda)

(RRS – 4) GRAHYA – Guru, Snigdha, Accha,

TARKSHYA – Shuddha Tarkshya + Gulaba LAKHSHANA Sthoola, Mrudusparsha,

Samaakara, Karaveera
PISHTI Jala Mardana for 3 days
pushpavat, Masrana.
Tarkshya Pishti
SHODHANA – Grahya Pushkaraga
BHASMA GUNA – Jwara, Chardi, Visha,
Samabhaga Kanji + Kulatthakwatha
Swasha, Mandagni,
Arshanashaka, Swedana (Dolayantra) 3 Hrs.

MATRA – ¼ to 1 Ratti Shuddha Pushkaraga (RT –

ANUPANA – Madhu, Navaneeta. 23)

94 95
MAARANA – ShodhitaPushkaraga Churna HEERAKA (DIAMOND) - C
Suddha Gandhaka Sp. G - 3.5 Hard 10
Suddha Hartala PARYAYA – Vajra, Heera, Bidura,
Suddha Manashila Kulisha, Bhargavapriya etc.

Samabhaga Lakucha Swarasa BHEDA – I) Nara Nari Napunsaka

(Linga Bheda)
Bhavana
Chakrika
II) Sweta Peeta Rakta
Sharava Samputa
Krishna (Varnabheda)
Gajaputa (10)
Sweta Varna Bhasma
III) Brahmana, Kshatriya,
(RRS – 4)
Vaishya, Kshudra, (Jaati
PUSHKARAGA – Shuddha Pushkaraga + Bheda)
PISHTI Gulaba Jala Mardana for GRAHYA – Acchatwam, Laghu,
3 days Pushkaraga Pishti
LAKHSHANA Ashtaphalaka, Shatkona,
BHASMA GUNA – Vishaghna, Teekshnata.
Kaphavatashamaka, GUNA – Rasa – Shadrasa, Guna –
Kushtha,
Snigdha, Veerya – Sheeta,
Raktapittanashaka.
Vipaaka – Madhura
MATRA – ¼ to 1 Ratti SHODHANA – Grahya Heeraka Tanduliya jala
ANUPANA – Madhu, Navaneeta.
Swedana (Dolayantra) 3 Hrs.
YOGA – Ratnabhagottararasa,
Shuddha Heeraka (AP – 5)
Maniparpatirasa,
Navaratnarajamrugankarasa MAARANA – Shodhita Heeraka Churna
etc. Rasasindhura
Suddha Gandhaka
Shuddha manahshila

96 97
 Samabhaga Mardana GRAAHYA – Acchatwam, Sundara,
Puta +SuddhaGandhaka LAKHSHANA Kantiyukta, Paradarshaka,
Suddha Manashila Snigdha, Guruta, Jyotiyukta,
14 Puta Heeraka Neelaranga,
Bhasma (RT – 23) SHODHANA – Grahya Neelam
BHASMA GUNA – Tridoshaghna, Rasayana, Neeli swarasa
Vrushya, Yogavahi, Kshaya,
Swedana (Dolayantra) 3 Hrs.
Sosha, Pramehanashaka
Shuddha Neelam
MATRA – 1/32 to 1/16 Ratti
MAARANA – Shodhita Neelam Churna
ANUPANA – Rasasindhura /
Makaradhwaja / Abhraka Shuddha Haratala
Bhasma, Shuddha Gandhaka
YOGA – Maniparpatirasa, Shuddha Manashila
Ratnabhagottararasa,
Samabhaga
Ratnagarbhapottali,
Mahalaxmivilasa etc. Lakuchaswarasa Chakrika
Bhavana
NEELAM (SAPPHIRE)
Sharava Samputa
Al2O3
Gajaputa (8)

Sp. G - 4 Hard 9
Swetavarna bhasma(RRS – 4)
PARYAYA – Neela, Neelopala, Neelaratna,
NEELAM – Shuddha Neelam + Gulaba
Shaniratna etc.
PISHTI Jala Mardana for 6 days
BHEDA – I) Indraneela (Uttama)
Neelam Pishti
Jalaneela (Sadharana)
BHASMA GUNA – Tridoshaghna, Rasayana,
Vrushya, Balya, Arsha, Kustha,
Kasa, Swasanashaka.
98 99
MATRA – 1/8 to 1/2 Ratti Samabhaga
ANUPANA – Madhu Navaneeta LakuchaswarasaChakrika
Bhavana
YOGA – Maniparpatirasa,
Ratnabhagottararasa, Sharava Samputa Gajaputa (8)
Rajamrugankarasa etc. Katthaivarna bhasma (RRS
GOMEDA (HESSONITE / ZIRCON) – 4)

Ca Al (SiO3) / Zr SiO4 GOMEDA – Shuddha Gomeda + Gulaba

Sp. G – 4 to 4.7 Hard 7.5 PISHTI Jala Mardana for 4 days

Gomeda Pishti
PARYAYA – Gomedaka, Pingasphatika,
Rahuratna etc. BHASMA GUNA – Kapha, Pitta, Kshaya,
Panduroganashaka,
BHEDA – Swetabhapeeta,
Deepana, Pachana.
Raktabhapeeta, Peeta,
Krishnabhapeeta. MATRA – ¼ to 1 Ratti

GRAAHYA – Swacchagomutravarni, ANUPANA – Madhu Navaneeta

LAKHSHANA Nirmala, Snigdha, Guruta, YOGA – Navaratnarajamrukankarasa,

Dalarahita, Deepta.
SHODHANA – Grahya Gomeda
Nimburasa
Swedana (Dolayantra) 3 Hrs.
Shuddha Gomeda (RT – 23)
MAARANA – Shuddha Gomeda Churna
Shuddha Haratala
Shuddha Gandhaka
Ratnabhagottararasa etc.
VAIDURYA (CAT’S EYE)
BeO Al2 O2
Sp. G – 3.5 - 3.8 Hard 8.5
PARYAYA – Viduraratna, Keturatna,
Bidalaxa, Bidalakhya etc.
BHEDA – Sweta, Dhoosra, Krishnabha,
Mishritavarna.

Shuddha Manashila
100 101
GRAHYA – Shyamashubhra, Sama, MATRA – 1/4 to 1 Ratti
LAKHSHANA Swaccha, Guru, Sphuta, ANUPANA – Madhu Navaneeta
Swetaabhravat. YOGA – Churnanjana,
SHODHANA – Grahya Vaidurya Indroktarasayana etc.
Triphala Kwatha UPARATNA ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT
Swedana (Dolayantra) 3 Hrs. CLASSICS
Name of Ananda- Ayurveda Bru. Yo. Rasata-
Shuddha Vaidurya (RT –23) Uparatna kanda Prakasha Taram. rangini
Suryakanta + + - +
MAARANA – Shuddha Vaidurya Churna
Chandrakanta + + - +
Shuddha Haratala Vaikranta + + - +
Rajavarta + + + +
Shuddha Gandhaka
Pairojaka + + - +
Shuddha Manashila Sphatika - - - +
Samabhaga Tarakanta + - - -
Lakuchaswarasa Chakrika Kanta + - - -
Sasyaka + - - -
Bhavana
Vimala + - - -
Sharava Samputa Lalamani - + - -
Muktashukti - + - -
Gajaputa (8)
Shankha - + + -
Swetavarna bhasma (RSS – Karpurashma - + - -

4) Kachamani - + - -
Peetamani - + - -
VAIDURYA – Shuddha Vaidurya + Gulaba Vishaharamani - + - -

PISHTI Jala Mardana for 6 days Agnisthamba-

kamani - + - -
Vaidurya Pishti Jalasthamba-
kamani - + - -
BHASMA GUNA – Medhya, Buddhiprada,
Mukta - - + -
Pittanashaka, Agnipradeepaka,
Pravala - - + -
Malabhedaka,
102 103
UPARATNAS AND SAMANYA SHODHANA SURYAKANTA (SUN STONE)
Name of Symbol Shodhana Shodhana Avadhi
Uparatna Vidhi Dravya (Time) Na2O Al2O3 6SiO2 + CaO Al2O3
Vaikranta K2OAL2O3SIO3 Swedana in Kulattha One Day
(Tourmaline) Dolayantra
Sp. G – 2.65 Hard 5.5 - 6
Kwatha

Suryakanta Na O Al O No Specific PARYAYA – Suryamani, Suryopala,

2 2 3
(Sun Stone) 6 SiO + CaO Method -
2 - Deeptopala, Ravikanta,
Al2O3 2SiO2
Agnigarbha etc.
Chandrakant K Al Si O Prakshalana Jala -
3 3
(Moon in Jala BHEDA – ———
Stone)
GRAHYA – Shuddha, Snigdha,
Rajavarta Na4 (S3Al) Paka in Nimbu One
(Lapis Al2(SiO4)3 Dolayantra Swarasa Prahara
Lazuli)
LAKHSHANA Vrunarahita, Nishtusha.
Gomutra &
Yavakshar SHODHANA – ———-
Pairojaka H5[Al(OH)2] 6 Paka in Nimbu One
(Turquaise) Cu(OH) Dolayantra Swarasa Prahara MAARANA – Suryakanta Churna
(PO4)4 Gomutra &
Yavakshar Suddha Gandhaka
Sphatika SiO2 Paka in Nimbu One Suddha Manashila
(Rock Gold) Dolayantra Swarasa Prahara
Gomutra & Samabhaga Jala Chakrika
Yavakshar
Bhavana
Shankha CaCo3 Swedana in Nimbu or any One
(Conch Sthaliyantra amla Swarasa Prahara Gajaputa (7)
Shell)
Sharava Samputa-

Mukta CaCo3 Swedana in One Suryakanta bhasma (RT - 23)

Jayanti
(Pearl) Dolayantra Swarasa Prahara
BHASMA GUNA – Rasayana, Medhya, Vata,
Praval CaCO3 Swedana in Tandulipatra One
(Coral)
Sleshmahara.
Dolayantra Swarasa Prahara

Sasyaka CuSO4.7H2O 7 Bhavana, -

MATRA – 1/4 to 1 Ratti
Raktavarg
(Blue 3 Bhavana DravyaNimbu -
Vitriol) Swarasa
ANUPANA – Madhu
Vimala Fe2S3 Swedana in Nimbu One YOGA – ———
(Iron Pyrite) Dolayantra Swarasa or Prahara
Vasa Swarasa
104 105
CHANDRAKANTA (MOON STONE) RAJAVARTA (LAPIS LAZULI)
K Al Si3 O8 / Na Al Si2 O8 Na4 (NaS3Al) Al2 (SiO4)3
Sp. G – 2.6 Hard - 6 Sp. G – 2.38 – 2.45 Hard – 5.5
PARYAYA – Chandarmani, Chandropala, PARYAYA – Nrupavarta, Aavartamani,
Shashikanta, Chandrajopala Nrupopala, Neelashma etc.
etc. BHEDA – I. Depending on Akruti
BHEDA – ——— 1) Churnarupa
GRAAHYA – Snigdha, Sheetala, 2) Gutikaswarupa
LAKHSHANA Peetavarni, Alhadakaraka, II. Depending on Varan
Jalasrava in Chandrakirana. 1) Rakta 2) Neela
SHODHANA – ———- 3) Misrita
MAARANA – Chandrakanta Churna GRAAHYA – Nirmal, Snigdha, Malrahit,
Shuddha Hingula LAKHSHANA Sharatkaleenabhrasadrusha,
Shuddha Manashila Sundara, Mayurakanthavat.
Samabhaga Kumariswarasa SHODHANA – Grahya Rajavarta
Bhavana
Chakrika Nimbu Swarasa, Gomutra,
Sharava Samputa-Gajaputa- Yavaksharamishrana
Chandrakanta bhasma Swedana (Dolayantra) 3 Hrs.
(RT – 23) Shuddha Rajavarta(RRS - 4)
BHASMA GUNA – Raktapitta Jwara, Daha, MAARANA – Rajavarta Churna
Nashaka. Suddha Gandhaka
MATRA – 1/2 to 1 Ratti
ANUPANA – Madhu
YOGA – ———
106 107
BHASMA GUNA – Deepana, Pachana Vrushya, MAARANA - Pairojaka Churna
Brunhana, Prameha, Kshya, Suddha Gandhaka
Arshanashak.
Samabhaga Nimbu Swarasa
MATRA – 1/2 to 1 Ratti
Bhavana
Chakrika
ANUPANA – Madhu, Navneeta, Grita.
Gajaputa (7)
Sharava Samputa
YOGA – Trilokyatilakarasa,
Bheemaprakramarasa, Pairojaka bhasma(RT – 23)
Ramabanarasa etc. BHASMA GUNA – Deepana, Vishaghna,
Shoolaghna, Hridya.
PAIROJAKA (TURQUOISE)
MATRA – 1/2 to 1 Ratti
(Cu OH) [Al (OH)2 ]6 H5 (PO4)4
ANUPANA – Madhu Ghrita, Navaneeta.
Sp. G – 2.61 Hard - 5 - 6
YOGA – ———
PARYAYA – Peroja, Haritashma,
Harinmani etc. SPHATIKA (ROCKCRYSTAL/QUARTZ/
BHEDA – 1) Bhasmanga
PEBAL)
SiO2
2) Harita
Sp. G – 2.65 Hard - 7
GRAHYA – ————
PARYAYA – Sphatikashma, Shaleepishti,
LAKHSHANA
Shivaratna, Shivapriya,
SHODHANA – Grahya Pairojaka Seetopal etc.
Nimbu Swarasa,Gomutra, BHEDA – ————
Yavaksharamishrana
GRAHYA – Nirmal, Tusharahit,
Swedana (Dolayantra) 3 Hrs.
LAKHSHANA Netrya, Sheetaspharsha,
Shuddha Pairojaka (RRS - 4) Snigdha

108 109
SHODHANA – Grahya Sphatika
Nimbu Swarasa,Gomutra,
Yavaksharamishrana
Swedana (Dolayantra) 3 Hrs.
Shuddha Sphatika (RRS - 4)
MAARANA - Sphatika Churna
Suddha Gandhaka
Samabhaga Nimbu Swarasa
Bhavana
Chakrikaà Sharava Samputa
Sharava Samputa Gajaputa (7)
Sphatika bhasma (RT – 23)
BHASMA GUNA – Raktapithaghna, Jwarghna,
Ballya, Dahanashaka.
MATRA – 2 to 4 Ratti
VYOMASHMA (JADE)
Na Al Si2O-
Sp. G – 3.3 Hard - 7
PARYAYA – Vyomashma, Yashabashila,
Harinmani, Haritashma etc.
BHEDA – 1) Praharija - Jadite
2) Vrukkaja - Nephrite
GRAHYA – Peeta Harita, Kathina,
LAKHSHANA Swaccha.
SHODHANA – Grahya Vyomashma
Agnitapta Nirvapana (21)
Gulabajala / Arjuna Kwatha
Shuddha Vyomashma
MAARANA – Vyomashma Churna Gulabajala /
Arjuna Kwatha
Chakrika

ANUPANA – Madhu Ghrita, Navaneeta. Bhavana

YOGA – Indroktarasayan, Sharava Samputa Gajaputa (12)

Nagarasayan, Vyomashma bhsama

Sarvanetrarogaharanjana BHASMA GUNA – Hridya, Uccharaktachapa,
etc. Mutrashmaranashaka.
MATRA – 2 to 4 Ratti
ANUPANA – Madhu Ghrita, Navaneeta,
Arjunatwak kwatha.
YOGA – Javaharamoharavati etc.
110 111
TRUNAKANTA (AMBER) 9. SUDHA VARGA(CALCIUM
C40 H64 O4
COMPOUNDS)
PRANIJA DRAVYAS – Mukta, Pravala, Shanka,
Sp. G – 1.1 Hard – 2.5
Shukti, Varatika,
PARYAYA – Trunakantamani, Trunagrahi Shambuka, Samudraphena,
etc. Kurmaprusta, Mrugasrunga,
BHEDA – —————— Ajasti, Kukkutanda twak.
KHANIJA DRAVYAS – Sudha, Khatika, Godanti,
GRAHYA – ——————
STHAVARA DRAVYAS– Vamshalachana, Arjuna,
LAKHSHANA
Kumari, Arka, Kutaja.
SHODHANA – —————— SUDHA(LIME)- CaCO3
MAARANA – —————— SYNANYMS – Churna, Churnaka,
PISHTI – Trunakant + Gulabjala or Sudha, Shilakshara.
Arkagulab or Arkachandana CHURNODAKA – 5 Tolas- Water – added to
Mardan Trunakant pishti 2 Rattis of lime powder-
2 to 3 Days
left for 12 hours- then
filtered.
PISHTI GUNA – Hridya, Indriyaprasadana, THERAPEUTIC USES - Atisara, Amlapitta, Udara
Grahi, Raktastambhaka shula, Krumi and
MATRA – 1 to 2 Masha Grahani.
ANUPANA – Madhu Ghrita, Navaneeta DOSE – Children – upto 60 drops.
Adults – 2 Tolas.
YOGA – Javaharamoharavati
YOGA – Sudha parpati.(Sudha -
Brahmivati etc.
1part* Shuddha
Gandhaka – 2parts)
SHANKHA (CONCH SHELL) -CaCO3
PARYAYA – Shankhaka, Trirekha,
Samudraja, Sunada etc.
112 113
BHEDA – 1) Dakshinavarta - BHEDA – Muktashukti, Jalashukti
Poojanartha GRAHYA – ———
2) Vamavarta - LAKHSHANA
Maranartha SHODHANA – Grahya Shukti Jayanti
SHODHANA – Grahya Shankha Churna Swarasa Shuddha Shukti
Nimburasa Shuddha Swedana (Dolayantra) 1
Shankha Swedana Prahara. (RT – 12)
(Dolayantra) 4 Prahara.
MARANA – Shuddha Shukti Sharava Samputa
Prakshalana (RT – 12)
Gajaputa (1)
MARANA – Shuddha Shankha Churna
Sharava Samputa Shukti bhasma (RT – 12)
Shankha bhasma
+ Gajaputa (1) Kumariswarasa BHASMA GUNA – Ruchikaraka, Deepana,
Bhavana Gajaputa Shwasaroga nashaka,
Swetavarnabhasma (RT – 12) Mutrasharkara nashaka,
BHASMA GUNA – Grahi, Balya, Lekhana, Pleeha roga, Udara roga.
Agnideepaka, Tridoshaghna, MATRA – 2 Ratti
Amlapitta, Grahani nashaka.
ANUPANA – Madhu, Ghrita, Dugdha
MATRA – 2 Ratti
YOGA – Grahani Shardula rasa,
ANUPANA – Nimburasa, Ushna Jala Pravala Panchamruta rasa,
YOGA – Agnikumara rasa, Vishamajwarantaka rasa.
Agnisandeepana rasa,
Mahashankhavati etc.
GODANTI (GYPSUM)

SHUKTI (MUKTA SHUKTI / JALA SHUKTI) CALCIUM SULPHATE (CaSO4 2 H2O)

Sp. Gr. - 2.4 Hard - 2
(PEARL OYSTER)
PARYAYA – Godantika, Godanta, Shweta,
PARYAYA – Shuktika, Muktamata, Muktagraha,
etc.
Muktashukti, Mahashukti etc.
114 115
BHEDA – ———— MRIGASHRINGA (DEER HORN)
GRAHYA – Patrakriti, Masrana, PARYAYA – Enashringa, Mrigavishana,
LAKHSHANA Sharadindu sunirmalam, Harinashringa, Vishala, etc.
Deeptaprabham. BHEDA – ————
SHODHANA – Grahya Godanti Nimbu or GRAHYA – Keetanupahata, Deergha,
Drona Pushpi Swedana 1 ½ LAKHSHANA Bharadhya, Sudhruda,
hour Prakshalana (Ushna
Aneka shringa samyukta.
jala) Shuddha Godanti
(RT 11) SHODHANA – —————
MARANA – Shuddha Godanti Small MAARANA – Mrigashringa Small pieces
Agni
piecesSharava Samputa Sadharana puta
when burnt properly
Godanti bhasma (Shweta put in a khalva Arka
varna) (RT – 11) Dugdha Bhavana Chakrika
Sharava Samputa Gajaputa (3)
BHASMA GUNA – Jeerna jwarahara, Balya,
Krishnavarna Mrigashringa
Deepana,
bhasma (RT 12)
Shwasakasanashaka,
Pandu roga, Urakshata, BHASMA GUNA – Hrutshula, Pratishyayahara,
Balashosha, Shweta Shwasa kasa nashaka.
Pradara. MATRA – 1 - 2 Ratti
MATRA – 1 - 3 Ratti ANUPANA – Madhu, Ghrita, Dugdha,
ANUPANA – Madhu, Ghrita, Dugdha, Navaneeta
Mishri YOGA – Kandarpasundara rasa,
YOGA – Godanti Bhasma, Trailokya Jwarankusha rasa,
Chintamani rasa, Grahanikapata rasa, etc.
Muktadivati, Shankha
Dravaka rasa etc..

116 117
SHAMBUKA (PILA) ANUPANA – Nimbu Swarasa and Ushna
CaCo3 Jala

PARYAYA – Kshudra Shankha, Shankha YOGA – ————

Naka, Swalpashankha, KHATIKA (CHALK OR PIPE CLAY)
Kshullaka, Nakhashankha,
Hard - 1
etc.
PARYAYA – Khatini, Khati, Lekhana
BHEDA – ————
mruttika, Katinika, Varnika,
GRAHYA – ————- etc.
LAKHSHANA BHEDA – Khati, Gourakhati.
Amladrava
SHODHANA – Shambuka GRAHYA – ————-
Swedana (Dolayantra) ½ Prahara
LAKHSHANA
Shuddha Shambuka (RT 12) SHODHANA – Khatika churna + H2O
MAARANA – Shuddha Shambuka Churna Vastra galana keep
Sharava Samputa undisturbed for 3 to 4 hours
Gajaputa (1)
Decant Dry the sediment
Shuddha Khatika
Shambuka bhasma+
MAARANA – ————
Kumariswarasa Bhavana
KHATIKA GUNA – Shothaghna, Pitthaghna,
Gajaputa
Vrunaropana, Raktadosha,
Swetavarnabhasma (RT-12)
Netradosha nashaka.
BHASMA GUNA – Deepana, Pachana,
MATRA – ½ to 1 Masha
Udarashoolanashaka,
ANUPANA – Jala
Netrarogahara, Atisara.
YOGA – Khatikadi Peya, Dashana
MATRA – 2 Ratti Samskara Churna,
Mugdharasa, etc.
118 119
KUKKUTANDA TWAK (EGG SHELL) SAMUDRA PHENA (CUTTLE FISH BONE)
CaCO3 CaCO3
PARYAYA – Kukkutandakapala, PARYAYA – Phena, Saphena, Dindira,
Kukkutanda dala, etc.
Kukkutandabha. etc. BHEDA – ———
BHEDA – ——— GRAAHYA – ———
GRAHYA – ——— LAKHSHANA
LAKHSHANA SHODHANA – Samudraphena Churna
Nimbu Rasa Bhavana
SHODHANA – Kukkutanda Twak Dip in Shuddha
Amla Rasa or Lavana and Samudra Phena (RT –12)
Navasadarayuta jala for 6 MARANA – ———
days Dry in sunlight.
BHASMA GUNA – Lekhana, Deepana, Pachana,
MARANA – Shuddha Kukkutanda Vishaghna,
Changeri / Kumari swarasa
Churna
Bhavana MATRA – 2 Ratti
Chakrika
ANUPANA – Madhu, Jala
Sharava Samputa Agni-
5 sher Upala YOGA – ———
Swetavarnabhasma
BHASMA GUNA – Hridya, Balya, Pachana,
Mamsavardhaka Vajikara,
Raktapradara,
Swetapradaranashaka.
MATRA – 1 - 4 Ratti
ANUPANA – Madhu, Navaneeta
YOGA – ———

120 121
 10. KSHARA VARGA 11. SIKATA VARGA

Name of Sarja Yava Sl. Name Latin Form Matra

Sl. Tankana
the Drug Kshara Kshara No of
No. (Borex)
Na2 (B4O7) (Pottasium (Pottasium Addministration
10H2O Salts) Salts) _
01 Sikata (sand) Silica Fine Powder
1. Rasa Kshariya Katu Katu
02 Dugdha Magnesium Pisti 1-2 Ratti
2. Virya Ushna Ushna Ushna Pashana Silicate
(Talc)
3. Vipaka Madhra
03 Kousheyashma Silicate of Bhasma 2-4 Ratti
4. Guna Tikshna, Sara, Tikshna, (Asbestoes) Magnesium
Ruksha, Guru Snigdha, Ruksha,
Laghu Laghu 04 Nagapashana Magnesium Pisti 2-8 Ratti
(Ophite) Silicate
5. Types Sweta and - -
05 Badarashma Silica Pisti 4-8 Ratti
Neela
(Silicateof (Fossil)
6. Grahya Crystalline,White - - lime)
laxana and
06 Akika Silica Pisti 1-2 Ratti
Transparent
(Agate)
7. Shodhana Utfullikarana - -

8. Matra 1-2 Ratties 3 – 12 3 – 10

Ratties Ratties

9. Karma Lekhana Depana, Depana,

Pachana, Pachana
Chedana

10. Rogagnata Kasa, Mutra Gulma,Arsha,

Swasa, roga, Vibhanda,
Admana, Grahani, Ashmari
Ashmari, Arsha,
Vatavyadi Pleharoga,
Udara

122 123
 12. VISHA - UPAVISHA 13. LAVANA VARGA
Sl. Name Part Shodhana Matra Guna Karma
No. Used SL SYNON- GUNA KARMA
NAME RASA/
1. Vatsanabha Root Dolayantra 1/16- Yogavahi, NO YMS VIRYA/
(Aconitum Ferox) swedana in 1/8 Rasayana, VIPAKA
godugdha for Ratti Sweda 1 Saindhav- Sita : Madhura Snighdha : Laghu :
3 hrs. janaka,Kasa, alavana Shiva RasaShita Tridoshasamaka :
Swasa. (ROCK Manimanya ViryaKatu Rochana : Deepana :
SALT)NaCl Sindhuja Hridhya : Vrushya :
2. Kuchala Seeds Khanji ¼-1 Agnidepana, Nadeya Avidahi :
/ NaHCO3
(Strychnos nimajjana ratti Vrusya -->Aruchi : Netra Roga :
Nuxvomica) for 3 days. Vruna : Vibandha
3. Ahiphena Phala Ardraka ¼-1 Atisara,
(Papaver niryasa Rasa 7 ratti Antrikajwara, 2 Samudra Madhura Snighdha : Laghu
Samudra
Somniferum) bhavanas Madatyaya, Lavana(SEA Lavana Ushna :Hridhya : Avidahi
Leparth. SALT)NaCl Saamudra Madhura :Shulaghna : Bedhana
/ Na2S :Ruchikara : Pittakara :
4. Jayapala seeds Dolayantra 1/8- Jalodara, -->Causes Palithya &
(Croton Tiglium) swedana in ¼ Navajwara, Rakta Vikara
godugdha for Ratti Tikshna
3 hrs. virechaka, 3 Romaka Sambar Lavana Laghu Tikshna :
Kusta. Lavana Gadha Atiushna Sukshma : Vyavayi :
5. Dattura seeds Dolayantra 1/8-¼ Shota, Krumi, (SAMBHAR Lavana Katu Mutrala : Vishyandi :
(Datura Metel) swedana in Ratti Kusta, Jwara. SALT)NaCl Bhedi : Param Deepana:
godugdha for / Na2S / -->Vata Shamaka
3 hrs. NaHCO 3 Pitta Karaka
6. Bhanga Tender Prakshalana 2-4 Tamaka
(Cannabis leaves in Jala and Ratti Swasa, Kasa. 4 Vita Teekshna, Sukshma,
Vida Kshara /
Sativa) Grita Lavana Lavana Lavana Deepana, Rochana,
bharjana (AMMO- Chullika Ushna Vatanu Lomaka,
7. Gunja Seeds, Dolayantra½- 1½ Shota, Lavana Vyavayi, Shoola
NIUM Katu
(Abrus Root, swedana inRatti Pakshagata, Narasaar Nashaka,
SALT) NaCl
Precatorius) Leaves godugdha for Grudrasi, -->Shoola, Hridroga,
/ Na2S/ Fe
3 hrs. Avabhahuka, Gulma,
Vatavyadi.
8. Bhallataka Seeds Rubbed in 1-3 Pliharoga, 5 Sauvarchala Kala Lavana Vishada, Sukshma,
(Semicarpus Brick powder Ratti Pandu, Lavana Namaka Ushna Laghu, Sugandhi,
Anacardium) Jwara, Kasa, (BLACK Katu --> Gulma, Shoola,
Swasa. SALT)NaCl Vibandha, Hridhya,
/ Na2S/Fe Udarashodhi
9. Karavira Root - - Ext,
(Nerium Application in 6 Audbida - Tikta / Tikshna, Utkledi
Indicum) Wounds. Lavana(LACK Katu/
10. Langali Tube - - Shota, Kusta, SALT) Kshara
(Gloriosa rous Krumi Ushna
Superba) Root
Katu
124 125
 14. PARIBHASHA PRAKARANA
Definition-
Niguda Anukta Leshokta Sandigdharth
Pradipika|
Sunischitharth Vibhudaihi Paribhasha
Nigadyete||
The one which enlightens the Hidden,
Unexpressed, Controversial words and gives a
perfect & correct meaning of a phrase is known as
paribhasha, as the light enlightens the things in
the dark.
According to shabdhakalpa- it is derived as
‘parith bhashyante iti paribhasha.’
1) Avapa – (Addition)- Adding the powdered
herbal substances into the molten metal is
called as Avapa. Synonyms- Prativapa,
Acchadana.(RRS 8/52). Ex- Vanga Jarana.
2) Nirvapa (Immersion) – Heating the Rasadi
dravyas over agni, till it become red hot & then
is dipped in liquid media is known as Nirvapa.
Synonyms – Nisheka, Snapana (RT 2/40).Ex-
Abhraka shodhana.
3) Dhalana (Pouring)- Pouring the molten metal
into the liquid media is called as Dhalana
(R.R.S. 8/43).Ex- Gandhaka shodhana.
126
4) Bhavana (Trituration)- Grounding/triturating
the powdered Rasadravyas by adding sufficient
quantity of prescribed liquid till it becomes
Dry is known as Bhavana (R.T.-2/49). Ex-
Hingula shodhana.
5) Jarana (Digesting)- Jarana is the process in
which mercury is made to Absorb & Assimilate
the substances like gold, Abhraka etc., as
grasa, added into it. It is said that, even after
adding several grasa dravyas during the process
of Jarana, the ultimate weight of mercury does
not increases. (RT/AP 1/107)
6) Moorchana- In this process, a definite disease
curing property is induced in the parada (AP
1/137)
7) Shodhana (Purification)- when a Rasadravya
is subjected to trituration & other such process
with required herbal juices so as to remove the
impurities/ unwanted properties is known as
Shodhana (R.T. 2/52), Types- Samanya
Shodhana & Vishesha Shodhana .
8) Marana (Incineration) – the process, which
converts the purified Rasadi Dravya into ash
form (Bhasma) by heating, after subjecting
them to trituration with appropriate juices.
9) Amrutikaran –The process which is done to
the Dhatu Bhasmas to remove the remaining
127
 doshas is known as Amrutikarana. (R.R.S. 2/
88) Ex : Tamra bhasma
10) Lohitikaran – Converting the colour of Bhasma
to Red colour by processing with the Rakta
vardhaka dravyas like Manjista, Kunkuma etc.
is known as Lohitikarana. (R.T. 10/65) Ex-
Abhraka bhasma
11) Mruta Loha – When bhasma is rubbed
between index finger & thumb, it should fill
the lines on the finger (furrows), such a
bhasma is called as Mruta Loha. (R.R.S. 8/27)
12) Satvapatana– Extraction of the Essence or
Active principal from their ore or mineral
substance is called as Satvapatan. Here ore is
processed with Dravaka gana dravya, kshara
& Amla dravyas. (RRS 8/34)
13) Suddhavartha – While doing Satvapatana,
when the flame exhibits white colour, then it
indicates the completion of Satva Patana & that
white colour flame is considered as
Suddhavartha. (RRS 8/56)
14) Druti –- Conversion of Metal or Mineral into
stable Liquid form, after processing them with
prescribed herbs is known as Druti. (RRS 8/
81) Five Qualities of Druti are-Non-stickiness,
Liquidity, Shining fullness, Lightness & non
mixing with parada (RRS- 8/82)
128
15) Rudrabhaga- 1/11th part of amount, which is
given to physician by the shop owner, after
selling the drugs to patient/others is called as
Rudrabhaga. Rudrabhaga is in the form of
cash (RRS 8/3).
16) Dhanavantaribhaga –To achive complete
health the patient should offer the physician
that ½ of all the Sidda Rasa, 1/8th part of Taila,
Gruta & Avaleha, 1/7th part of bhasma, churna,
Vati etc., such parts are called as Dhanavantari
bhagas. (RRS 8/2)
17) Apurarbhava– From prepared bhasma, the
original metal cannot be Re-obtained even after
blowing in the fire with Mitrapanchaka dravyas.
(RRS 8/28)
18) Nirutta- Nirutta bhasma means when bhasma
is blowed vigorously in fire along with silver,
the bhasma does not mixes with silver. (RRS
8/30)
19) Rekha Purnatwa- when bhasma is rubbed in
between the index finger & thumb, should
enter the furrows of the finger. Such a bhasma
is called as Rekhapurna bhasma. (RRS 8/27)
20) Varitara– The bhasma prepared should float
on the water surface. Which indicate fineness
of bhasma. (RRS 8/26)
129
DRAVYA VARGA 15. MANA PARIBHASHA
1) Amla Varga –Amlvetara, Jambria, Nimbuka, (A) Magadha school
Beejapuraka, Changeri, Amlika, Dhadima. 30 Paramanus (atoms) 1 Trasarenu
(Rasarnava 5/31)
6 Vamsi / Dhvamsi 1 Marici
2) Pancha mrittika –– Istika (Brick Powder),
6 Maricis 1 Rajika
Gairika (Red Orche), Lona (Salt), Bhasma
(Ash), Valmika mrittika (Soil of Ant-hill). (RRS 3 Rajikas 1 Sarasapa
10/81) 8 Sarshapas 1 Yava
3) Pancha gavya - Godugdha (milk) Dadhi (Curd), 4 Yavas 1 Gunja
Grita (Ghee), Go-mutra (Urine) and Gomaya
6 Gunjas 1 Masha
(dung). (RRS 2/22)
4 Mashas 1 Shana
4) Panchamrita-–Godugaha, Dadhi, Ghrita,
Madhu & Sharkara. (RRS 2/21) 2 Tankas 1 Kola

5) Ksharastaka-–Snuhikshara, Palasha, 2 Kolas 1 Karsha

Apamarga, chincha, Arka, Tila, Sarjika & 2 Karshas 1 Ardhapala
Yavakshara. (RT)
2 Shuktis 1 Pala
6) Dravaka Gana –Gunja, Madhu, Guda, Grita,
2 Palas 1 Prasrti
Tankana, Guggulu. (RT 2/35),
2 Prasrtis 1 Anjali (Kudava)
7) Mitra Panchaka– Grita, Gunja, Tankana,
Madhu, Guggulu(RT) 2 Kudavas 1 Manika (sharava)

8) Raktavarga - Kusumba, Khadira, Laksha, 2 Sharavas 1 Prastha

Manjista, Raktachandana, Akshiva, Bandujiva, 4 Prasthas 1 Adhaka
Karpuragandi, Makshika.(RRS-10/88)
4 Adhakas 1 Drona
9) Lavana Panchaka - Saindava lavana, Samudra
2 Dronas 1 Shupra
lavana, Vida lavana, Sauvarchala lavana, and
Romaka lavana.(RT-2/3) 2 Shupras 1 Droni

130 131
4 Dronis 1 Khari 12 Mashas 1 Karsha or Tola 12 g
2000 palas 1 Bhara 2 Karshas or Tolas 1 Shukti 24 gm
100 Palas 1 Tula 2 Shuktis 1 Pala 48 g

(B) Kalinga school 4 Karshas

12 Gaura Sarshapa 1 Yava 2 Palas 1 Prasrti 96 g

2 Yavas 1 Gunja 2 Prasrtis 1 Kudava 192 g

3 Gunjas 1 Balla 2 Kudavas 1 Manika 384 g

8 Gunjas 1 Masha 2 Manikas 1 Prastha 768 g

4 Mas 1 Shana (Nishka/Tanka) 4 Prasthas 1 Adhaka 3 kg, 73 g

6 Mashas 1 Gadyana 4 Adhakas 1 Drona 12 kg, 288 g

2 Dronas 1 Shurpa 24 kg, 576 g
10 Mashas 1 Karsha
2 Shurpas 1 Droni 49 kg, 152 g
4 Karshas 1 Pala
4 Dronis 1 Khari 196 kg, 608 g
4 Palas 1 Kudava
100 Palas 1 Tula 4 kg, 800 g
Note : Subsequent units of weights and measures
are in accordance with magadha school. 20 Tulas 1 Bhara 96 kg

Mana Paribhasha Linear Measures

Table of weights and measures described in Classical Unit Inches Metric Equivalents
Ayurvedic classics and their metric equivalents Yavodara 1/8 of 3/4" 0.24 cm
adopted by the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia
Angula 3/4" 1.95 cm
Committee.
Bitasti 9" 22.86 cm
Classical Unit Metric Equivalents
Aratni 16 ½” 41.91 cm
1 Ratti or Gunja 1 125 mg
Nrpahasta(Rajahasta) 22" 55.88 cm
8 Rattis or Gunjas 1 Masha 1g
Vyam 72" 182.88 cm
132 133
Measurement of Time 16. YANTRA VIGNANA
Classical Unit Equivalent Definition-
(in hrs, minutes & seconds) Yantryete, Niyamyate, Badyate, Rakshyate va
2 ksana 1 lava — Paradadi Anena upayena TadYat Yantram||
2 Lavas 1 Nimesa — By which instrument or apparatus mercury is
3 Nimesas 1 Kastha 4.66 seconds brought under control is called as yantra.

1 Ghati 24 minutes In order to perform the svedana etc. processes

on mercury & also to control it during the process,
30 Kasthas 1 kala 2 minutes, 20 seconds
whatever specific apparatus are designed by
20 kala + 3 Kasthas 1 Mahurta 48 Minutes experts, those are called yantras.
30 Muhurtas 1 Ahoratra 24 hrs Number of yantras
15 Ahoratras 1 paksha 15 days These are innumerable & each one is
2 pakshas 1 Masa 30 days/1 month specifically designsed to meet the needs required
in particular situation.
2 Masa 1 Ritu 60 days/Two months
Granthas No. of yantras
3 Ritus 1 Ayana 6 months
Rasendrachudamani 30
2 Ayanas 1 Samvatsara 12 months/ 1year
Rasa Ratna Samucchaya 32
5 Samvatsara 1 yuga 5 years
Anandakanda 41
1 Ahoratra of Devas 1 year
Parada samhita 45
1 Ahoratra of Pitarasa 1 month
Rasatarangini 20
Yantras are named
Basing on their shaped
e.g. Damru yantra, Kacchapa yantra, Ghata
yantra, Palika yantra .
134 135
 Basing on functions carried out in them 17. PUTA VIGNANA
e.g. Svedani yantra, Jarana yantra, Patana Definition-
yantra .
Rasadi Dravya Pakanam Pramana gyapanam
Basing on material used in designing them Putam| (RRS 10/47)
e.g. Valuka yantra, Lavana yantra , Bhasma Puta means the unit of heat or the mode of
yantra. heating Rasadi dravyas(Metals and Minerals) to
Different Yantras and Their Uses.(Ref-RRS-9) prepar Bhasma.The Process of giving heat with the
help of vanopala so as to achive their bhasma is
1) Khalva Yantra – Bhavanarth, Mardhanarth.
called as puta.
2) Tapta Khalva - Parada Shodhana and
Method of Putapaka-
Samskara.
1) The Drugs subjecting for putapaka are
3) Kacchapa Yantra – Parada Swedana, To
triturated well with prescribed drugs and
increase Bubukshata,
chakrikas (pillets/cakes) are prepared.
4) Patana Yantra – Parada Samskara.
2) Sharava samputa(with shallow earthen plates)
5) Dola Yantra – Swedanarth. is prepared after placing dried chakrikas in it
6) Vidyadara Yantra – Urdhva patana of Parada. and sealed properly.

7) Patala Yantra – Extraction of Oils. 3) It is placed in puta and subjected for heat.

8) Palika Yantra – Gandhaka Jarana. 4) After swangasheeta(self cooling) the bhasma

is collected.
9) Valuka Yantra – Kupipakwa Rasa nirmana.
Number of Putas-
10) Sthali Yantra – Loha Sthali paka.
1) Therapeutic point of view-10 to 100 putas.
2) Rejuvination point of view-100 to 1000 putas.
Acc.to Rasendra sara sangraha,
1) Chikitsartha- 10 to 100 putas.
2) Vajikaranartha-100 to 150 putas.
136 137
3) Rasayanartha – 100 to 1000 putas. DIFFERENT TYPES OF PUTAS
Sl. Name of the Dimentions/ Uses
Classification of Putas- puta Quantity Of fuel
No.
PUTA——
1 Mahaputa 2 Hasta pramana/ Abhraka,Loha
a) Agni puta(paka through fire) 48 angulas1500 marana
vanopalas
- Direct heating.
2 Gajaputa 1 Rajahasta/30 Abhraka,
- Indirect heating(with sand etc.) angulas1000 Makshika,
vanopalas Loha,Tamra,
1) Tivragni puta-Mahaputa and Gajaputa. Shanka Marana.

2) Madyamagni puta-Varahaputa and 3 Varahaputa 1Aratni pramana/ Shanka, Shukti,

22 angulas 500 Kapard,Godanti,
Kukkutaputa. vanopalas Srunga marana
3) Mrudwagni puta-Kapotaputa and
4 Kukkutaputa 2 balasti/24 Swarna, Rajata,
Lavakaputa. angulas(B.R-1 Naga,Vanga,
vitasti)10 to 100 Mukta marana.
b) Anagniputa(without fire) vanopalas(Y.R-5
vano.)
1) Suryaputa/Raudraputa/Bhanuputa
(through sunrays) 5 Kapotaputa 8 vanopalas Parada
jarana,Parada
2) Chandraputa(paka through moonrays) Bhasma nirmana

Synonyms of upala- 6 Lavakaputa 4 karsha/1 pala Mrudu dravya

tusha/48 gms paka
Vanopala, Utpala, Girinda, Pistaka, Chana,
7 Gorvaraputa Not mentioned Parada shodhana
Chagana, Karisha,etc.
8 Bandaputa/ 1 banda tusha Haratala,Somala
Kumbaputa bhasma nirmana

9 Bhudaraputa Pit of 2 angulas Mrudu dravya

depth paka

10 Valukaputa Red hot sand in Parada, Haratala,

sufficient quantity Somala Bhasma
nirmana

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 18. MUSHA VIGNANA(CRUCIBLES) SI. NAME OF
Definition – NO THE MUSHA USES
01 Samanya musha Samanya rasa karma
The term Musha is derived from ‘Mush’ dhatu
02 Vajra musha Abhraka Satvapatan
which means mushnati(To Steel, To remove, To
03 Pakwa musha Pottali Rasayana
destroy).
04 Gosthani musha Satva shodhana &
Mushnati Doshan Musheyan sa Musha iti
Dravanarth
Nigadyate|(RRS 10/2)
05 Vrunthaka musha Satvapatan of mrudu
Musha is the one of the most important yantra, dravyas
which is used in the processing of Rasoushadhies.It 06 Yoga musha Parada karma
has the capacity to sustain the higher degree of 07 Mahamusha Abhraka satvapatana
temperature without breaking.
General Uses of Mushas-
Acc.to Rasa ratna samucchaya 10/2-Musha is
Doshaharana, Pachana, Dravana, Satvapatana,
the one which removes doshas from the Rasa
Varnotkarsha, sarana, Dwandwamelapana, Rasa
dravyas.
bhandhana, Moorchana, Shodhanartha.
Synonyms-Kumudi, Kraunchika, Karahatika,
Musha Lepana Dravyas-
Pachani, Vanhimitra. (R.R.S.10)
Vatsanabha, Tankana, Gunja.(Rasarnava-4/47)
Types-
Sandhi Bhandhana-
1) Samanya musha & Vishesha musha
(R.R.S.10/2) Joining of musha and pidhanaka(lid) is called
as Sandhi Bhandhana. (R.R.S.10/5)
2) Andha musha & Prakasha musha (Rasarnava-
4/38) Synonyms of Sandhi Bhandhana-

Different Types of Mushas-In classical texts more Randrana, Aandrana, Samslista, Bhandhana,
than 23 types of mushas are mentioned. Sandhilepa.
Sandhi Bhandhana Dravyas-
Mrittika, Lohakitta, Tusha, Vastra, Godhuma
pista, Guda, Jala.
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 19. KOSTI (FIRE PLACE) b) Sapidana kosti(The fire place is covered
Definition- except the area of inlet)

Satvanam Patanarthaya Patitanam Vishudyaye| Synonyms-

Kostika Vividakarah………..||(RT3/24) Cullika, Hasantika, Vanhidhanika, Hasanti,

Angarashataki.-(R.T.3/22)
Kosti is one of the important heating device.
For getting Extracts and for purification of Extracts Fuel used- Tusha, Gobara, Angara, Kasta.
fire places of various shapes are designed. Uses-
(R.R.S.10/32). 1) Angara kosti-(L/B/H-15/15/30 angulas)-
Acc. To Rasa kamadenu & Rasendra (R.T.3/22)
chudamani, The purpose of Kosti is to Dhatu - Used for Satva patana.
satvapatan that is Extraction of metallic contents
2) Patala kosti-(Cylindrical pit, height-12 angulas)
from the minerals.
- Used for Mrudu dravya satva patana.
Description-
3) Gara kosti-(squre shape pit smeared with clay
Kosti is the chamber used to Extract
of pond/Garamrittika,height-12 angulas,)
satva(essence) of minerals or to further purify the
satva. A specific type of clay(heat resistant) is - Used for Mishra loha shodhana & dalana.
prepared to built a particular type of kosti. Kostis Vankanala-
are constricted in the soil by making pit or
Blowing pipe measures about one Aratni(22
sometimes above the ground level depending upon
angulas)
the reqirement.
Bhastrika-
Classification-
Bellow made up of Leather.
1) Chala kosti(movable)-(R.R.S.9/46)
Other Heating appliances commonly used-
2) Bhumi kosti(fixed fire place)-(R.R.S.10)
Gas stove, Stove, Electric stove, Hot plate,
a) Prakash kosti(one can visualize the
Heating mantle.
substance being heated)

142 143
 20. STANDARDIZATION 2) Authentification :
Standardization is a measurement for ensuring Plant origin –
the Quality and is used to describe all measures a) Organoleptic characters - colour,
which are taken during the manufacturing process odour, taste etc.
& Quality control leading to a un-producible
b) Pharmacognosy -microscopically for
quality.
their root, leaf, & stem structure.
o To obtain a standard product, attention
c) Pesticide residue.
should be paid at three stages
d) Heavy metal overload.
o Before process - Raw drug standardization.
o During process - In process standardization. e) Microbial contamination.
f) Foreign material.
o After process - Finished drug standardization.
Mineral & Metallic materials:
I. BEFORE PROCESS - RAW DRUG
STANDARDIZATION o Description of grahya-agrahya
laxanas of particular variety/type as
1) Proper Procurement:
mentioned in the text.
o Plant & mineral origin drugs are
o Mineralogical identification - Crystal
collected from their sources without
structure, chemical composition,
much contamination in original form
appearance i.e. organoleptic
o Generally everyone depends on characters -colour, odour, taste etc.
traders, where the drugs are graded
o Physical tests- Hardness, specific
for their benefits.
gravity, melting point, boiling point
o These are mixed with adulterants/ etc.
artificial, or Synthetic/Substitute
o Advanced techniques like - XRD
materials.
pattern, AAS study, etc. for assessing
quality.

144 145
 3) Documentation: b. Marana (bhasmikaran).
It is very important because without it a c. Aoushada yoga nirmana.
drug cannot be judged for their purity, Each procedure with respect to time, temperature,
genuineness or their quality, so proper vessel, equipments etc should be standardized.
documentation is must to check the drug
Agni (fire) plays an important role in most of
at each level & for further reference.
the processings. Quality & quantity of fuel;
II. DURING PROCESS-IN PROCESS heating device; time; Temperature (heating
STANDARDIZATION: pattern) are essential to be standardized.
Process standardization will starts from drug Temperature has a great role in conversion of
process, it mainly designed with material into certain compound forms. Process
1) Type of standard procedure followed. reaction on different heat intensity should be
2) Duration and time for purification determined with the help of thermo gravimetric
adapted. analytical setup.

3) Incorporation of bhavana/mardana and its Control parameters as mentioned in the

duration. classics are the important guidelines. These
are essential for the standardization of drug
4) Type of yantras used.
on process level.(different size putas)
5) Type of agni, Time/duration of agni, etc.
DOCUMENTATION:
Heating , boiling ,quenching , grinding,
Example- Shodhana process standardization
filtering, mixing, distillation, dry & wet
trituration, Roasting, sublimation, etc are the 1. Date of commencement & date of completion.
important procedures involved in drug 2. Total duration _______ days & hours____
manufacturing. 3. Initial quantity of material_____
They in other words aimed to achieve three main 4. Final quantity of material______.
objectives.
5. Loss/gain of weight_____
a. Shodhana.

146 147
6. Heating device ________ furnace/gas burner/ a) If manual _______ hrs/days for fixed
coal quantity of material and liquid media.
7. Quantity of liquid media_____ b) If in edge runner ______hrs/day.
8. pH, Specific gravity 7. Size and shape of Khalwa yantra.
9. Colour, odour 8. Chakrikaran: (preparation of pellets)
10. Size & shape of pot used for process in which Size, shape, thickness & Weight of pellets
heated material is quenched. for each time.
11. Pot should be non-reacted to liquid & material It facilitates uniform & homogenous
both. heating.
12. Time taken for red hot in each process______ Helpful in easy collection.
13. Temperature_______ 9. Samputikaran:
14. Physical state of shodita dravya________ Encircled sustained temperature can be
15. Any observations during or after process, obtained
should be noted carefully. To avoid direct loss of material in the
16. Precautions should be made for each process. completely burnt fuel.

FOR MARANA PROCESS: 10. Puta :

1. Date of starting & Date of completion. Traditional puta-Size, shape &weight of

each cowdung cake &total number.
2. Total duration ______ days/Hours______
Electric furnace-Fixed pattern of
3. Initial quantity & final quantity of the material
temperature for specific period & quantity.
4. Loss/gain of weight______
III. AFTER PROCESS –FINISHED PRODUCT
5. Heating device ______coal/furnace/cowdung STANDARDIZATION:
(puta)/gas burner.
Quality of finished product should be assessed
6. Trituration — as per textual guidelines & analytical
parameters
148 149
1) Shuddha parada – Khara-
Anthahsuneel(Shining with bluish Red colour
lusture internally) Attains powder form
Bahirujwala(bright Externally) 4) Pottali Rasayana:
Shining like madhyahna surya. The surface Lusture of melted Sulphur
2) Bhasma parikshas - should appear like Skyblue
Sl.No Physical Tests Chemical Tests Solid with metallic sound
1. Rekhapurna Nirdhuma 5) Kupipakwa Rasayana:
2. Varitara/uttama Apunarbhava Specific heating schedule I.e. Kramagnitapa
3. Nischandra Niruttha Deciding the proper time for Corking -
4. Anjana sadrusha a. Absence of fumes & flame
5. Laghutva b. Copper coin test
6. Gatasara c. Shalaka test
7. Vishista varna d. Appearance of redness in the bottom
3) Parpati Kalpana : of kupi

Level of Mrudu -
Mayurchandrika varna
Flake bends
Madyama -
Tailabha
Easily breaks

150 151
 21. PHARMACOVIGILANCE PHOTOS
Etimology-
Pharmaco – Derived from Greak – Pharmacon.
Vigilance – Latin term – Vigilantia, Which means
Alertness, Wakefulness, Attentiveness.
Means Absolute alertness towards the
Medicine, we administer to the patients.
It is implemented for ASU Drugs on 29/09/
2008.
It is the science and activities relating to the
Detection, Assessment, Understanding and
Prevention of adverse effects of the Drug and Any
other possible drug related problem.
It also includes issues related to:
a) Substandard medicines.
b) Lack of efficacy reports.
c) Use of medicines for indications that are not
approved and for which there is inadequate
scientific basis.
d) Assessment of drug related mortality.
e) Abuse and misuse of medicines.
f) Adverse interactions of medicines with
chemicals.

152 153
154 155
 ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr.Mahantesh B. Rudrapuri,
born on 10th Jan,1978 in Belgaum
district of Karnataka. He did his
graduation in Ayurveda in the year
1999 from the renowned Karnataka
university, Dharwad and did his
Post graduation in Rasashastra and
Bhaishajya kalpana from Rajiv Gandhi University
of Health Sciences Karnataka Bangalore. He has
organized, worked as chairperson and presented
scientific research papers at various state level ,
National level and international level Ayurveda
Conferences. He has been enrolled as “Fellow of
The Academy of General Education (FAGE)” from
Manipal, Karnataka in the year 2010. He has been
awarded with State level best teacher “GURU TILAK
AWARD” by Vandemataram trust of India (Reg),
Karnataka on 12/02/2012. In December 2014 he
has Reliesed a kannada book “AYURVEDAMRUTA”.
Presently he is working as Professor and
Head of Department of P.G.Department of
Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana and also as
Deputy superintendent of Ayurvedic Teaching
Pharmacy at Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural
Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital Inchal Dist
Belgaum.

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