University of Dhaka

Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering

Laboratory Report
Course: Machine Shop and Workshop Practices Lab
Course Code: RME 1117
Experiment No: 02
Name of the Experiment: Performing Welding Process
Group No: 07
Group Members:
1) Nur Ahmed Siam (Roll-SH-092-001)
2) Shudipto Pramanic (Roll- JH-092-012)
3) Azrin Zibat (Roll- RH-092-013)
4) Junayed Ahmed (Roll-SH-172-004)
Submitted to: Sujan Sarker
Assistant Professor, Department of Robotics and Mechatronics
Engineering, University of Dhaka.
Date of Performance: 02/03/2022
Date of Submission: 23/03/2022
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Objective: Attaching two or more metal parts by arc welding.

Theory: Welding which is a high heat process is usually used on metals and thermoplastics. It
melts the base materials with the addition of filler materials such as lead, silver, tin and copper
etc. Whereas soldering doesn’t melt the base metal. Which was our subject of previous lab.
High temperature heat causes a weld pool of molten materials which cools to form the joint can
be stronger than the parent materials. In addition, pressure can also be used to produce a weld.
There are three main welding techniques available to modern welders:

• Arc welding
• Gas welding
• Laser welding

Figure 01: Arc Welding

Arc welding uses an electric arc to melt the base materials as well as filler material (also called
the welding rod) for the welding joints. In arc welding, a ground wire is attached to the welding
material or other metal surface. the workpiece or the metal table that the workpiece rests upon
must be grounded. We must connect the workpiece or worktable to a suitable ground, such as
a metal building frame. The ground connection should be independent or separate from the
welding circuit connection. Another wire known as an electrode lead is placed on the material
to be welded. Once that lead is pulled away from the material, it creates an electric arc. The arc

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then melts the work pieces along with the filler material that helps to join the pieces. In arc
welding, AC or DC power are used to produce a very concentrated and narrow weld point.

Equipment: Welding machine, Electrode, Electrode holder, Welding cable, Chipping hammer,
Cable connector, Wire brush and Face shield.

Welding Machine Electrode Electrode Holder Welding Cable

Chipping Hammer Cable Connector Wire Brush Face Shield

Figure 02: Equipment for Welding

Working Procedure:
1) Firstly, we cleaned Metal pieces to be welded to remove the dust, oil, dirt etc. Then the
base materials should be firmly held in suitable position.
2) We connected the work piece with proper ground connection.
3) We Inserted a suitable electrode in the electrode holder at an angle of 60° to 80° with
the work piece.
4) We selected the proper current and polarity.
5) Before welding the metal pieces properly, we tanned them so that they remain attached
during welding process.

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 6) The welding was done by making contact of the electrode with the work piece and then
separating the electrode to a proper distance to produce an arc.
7) When the arc is obtained, intense heat was produced. This heat melted the piece below
the arc and formed a molten metal pool.
8) A small depression was formed in the work piece and the molten metal was deposited
around the edge of this depression. It is called arc crater.

9) The slag was brushed off easily after the joint has cooled.
10) After welding was over, the electrode holder was taken out quickly to break the arc and
the supply of current was switched off.
11) After the weld metal became solidified, chipping hammer was used to remove the slag.
To remove the slag particles after chipping, wire brush is needed.
Discussion: After welding is done, the weld metal piece is placed in a suitable place to prevent
unwanted accidents. During the process, we must remain cautious not to overheat the work
piece to prevent the metal from being melt fully. Also, we must always wear protective gloves
and face shield for our safety. The purpose of connecting the equipment enclosure to ground is
to ensure that the metal enclosure of the welding machine and ground is at the same potential.
When they are at the same potential, a person will not experience an electrical shock when
touching the two points.
Welding is an essential component of many industries such as the automotive industry, the
construction industry, the aviation industry and more.
References: Last accessed on 6th March,2022
Information:
1. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/welding/electric-arc-welding/electric-arc-
welding-meaning-procedure-and-equipments/95973
2. https://summitcollege.edu/how-welding-
works/#:~:text=Welding%20works%20by%20joining%20two,the%20two%20workpiec
es%20directly%20together.

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Images:
1. https://i.ytimg.com/vi/CoHVA7nr82A/maxresdefault.jpg
2. https://tinyurl.com/2u7jcryj
3. https://tinyurl.com/4vfp7ynv
4. https://tinyurl.com/5659fsw2
5. https://tinyurl.com/2p9fhc5t
6. https://tinyurl.com/ywcjmckn
7. https://tinyurl.com/3mdezj5h
8. https://tinyurl.com/2p8e3nbz
9. https://tinyurl.com/2p9d6v9b