REVIEWER IN NSTP
ARTICLE 2, 1987 Philippine Constitution 
LESSON 1
THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP)
 Also known as the REPUBLIC ACT 9163/NSTP
Act 2001
 Is a program designed to enhance civic
consciousness and defense preparedness
among the Filipino youth by developing the
ethics of service and patriotism while
undergoing training in any of its three program
components.
 It’s a mandated subject or in the law –
ROTC - Being Patriotic / Patriotism
THREE COMPONENTS OF NSTP
1. ROTC - Reserved Officer Training Corps)
Provides training on military science.    involvement in the public and civic affairs.
- Criminology, Political Science
2. LTS -(Literacy Training Service)
Intended to develop the student’s ability to
share his/ her knowledge in basic literacy and
numeric skills to out-of-school youths and even
to the elder ones who are in need of such basic
abilities.  particular thing. Some things have greater value
- Education Courses, BECED
3. CWTS - (Civic Welfare Training Service)
Involves trainings and activities contributory to
the improvement of the quality of life of the
people in a chosen client communities in the
different areas.  decision making since human beings normally
-It also provide students venue to gain deeper
understanding of the dynamics of the
community, as well as to develop civic
consciousness and a sense of social
responsibility, through the activities that will
undertake at the community level.  wanted to have or experience. In the process, we
- Liberal Arts, I.T & Accountancy/Business
AREAS ARE:
1. PUBLIC HEALTH
2. EDUCATION  -for LTS
3. ENVIRONMENT
4. ENTREPRENEURSHIP
5. PUBLIC SAFETY
6. SPORTS AND RECREATION
7. CULTURE AND ARTS
8. MORAL AND CITIZENRY.
CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS OF THE NSTP:
SECTION 4.  The prime duty of the Government is to
serve and protect the people. 
The Government may call upon the people to defend
the State and in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may
be required, under conditions provided by LAW, to
render personal, military or civil service.
SECTION 5.  The maintenance of peace and order, the
protection of life, liberty, and property, and promotion
of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment
by all people of the blessings of democracy. 
SECTION 6. The state recognize the vital role of the
youth in nation- building and shall promote and
protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and
social wellbeing.  It shall inculcate in the youth
patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their
 
LESSON 2
GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES
Value literally means the worth or importance of a
than the others. Things with greater value are the
most preferred and given priority by individuals.
Values in its psycho-social context, it is the
expression of the person’s ultimate ends, goals, or
purpose of social action. They serve as basis for
make choices on the basis of what will bring them
happiness and contentment both intrinsically and
extrinsically. Happiness is the end point of every
human action. This desire for happiness helps
create the picture of what we really needed or
are able to identify the things which we will value
most.
- Beliefs affect thought and decisions
HOW DO WE DEVELOP OUR VALUES?
Values are shaped by various factors that enter
human experiences and senses. Since we all get
into different situations in each day of our life.
CORE VALUES OF GOOD CITIZENSHIP 
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It is the facts corresponding with actual
A.   PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS events (Webster’s Dictionary)
Truth in itself does not always go in conformity with
1) Faith in the Almighty what is acceptable to an individual or a group,
  FAITH – refers to the deeply-rooted especially when the same truth will contradict with
submission to divine being, person, or belief how they will view a certain situation.
system. Faith express in action.
        Two essential elements of faith: 5) Justice 
*Trusting It is that principle by which the rationality of actions,
*Believing conditions and situations are determined, this
  principle is influenced by moral and natural laws as
2) Respect for life well as legal standards imposed by a government.
Respect for life is respecting the precept Justice is generally expressed in two ways: 
that every life is a gift and therefore Distributive and Retributive
deserves       to be born and be given the Distributive justice- maintains the idea of social
opportunity to show his/her worth to the equality by giving people what they deserve.
society. Retributive justice – promotes constructive
3) Order   punishment as corrective measure for erroneous or
It is manifested when situations move in felonious actions committed against a person or the
their proper course.  society.
In modern communities like in the urban areas,
human conduct is governed by bodies of rules C.   PAGKAMAKA-BANSA
formulated and imposed in accordance with the 1) Unity
existing legal framework. Follows laws of govern. It is the state of being one and in harmony
with one another.
4) Work  Unity is the most important element needed by any
It refers to the use of one’s physical and society to achieve to achieve stability and progress.
mental abilities to satisfy his/her needs. Need to 2) Equality
use in order to satisfy needs. Engaging Activity It implies providing standardized or uniform
rights and privileges as well as duties and
Family is the basic unit of the society obligations to every citizen. 
3) Respect for Law and Government
5) Concern for the Family and the future The government is an element of the state
Generation.  mandated to formulate and enforce laws designed
Family is the basic foundation of the to regulate human conduct and improve the life of
society.  the people within its jurisdiction.
4) Patriotism
B.   PAGKAMAKA-TAO It is the state in which a person wilfully
1) Love  expresses pride and respect towards his country’s
Love strengthens the foundation of the culture, achievements, and aspirations.
family and other social groupings. It is the strongest 5) Promotion of the Common Good.
force within the human community. Common good refers to that condition that
is beneficial to all or most members of the society.
2) Freedom
It is the state of being free to exercise all the D)   PAGKAMAKA- KALIKASAN
rights and privileges in the pursuance of Environment refers to everything that
happiness.  surrounds us from the natural world to the physical
structures produced by humans. 
3)  Peace  Human interventions are important to gain full
It is the prevalence of harmony in all facets benefits of natural resources but such interventions
of social relationship. have gone beyond the limits of the domain
Each society has its own way of pursuing reserved for human utilization.
peace. All forms of life are dependent to nature.
4) Truth  Destruction of nature will mean destruction of all life
form. 
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efficient drainage system or a relief
Lesson 3  system that will drain the excess water. 
Flash flood – a huge volume of waters
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC SAFETY that move freely towards the lower
grounds in strong force. 
Discussion Highlights       5. Landslide 
SECTION 1: DISASTER  -It involves the immediate cascading of
DISASTER- is the impact of natural or man- huge volume of soil particles from higher
made events which have adverse effects to ground to the lower level usually caused
life, property, and economic activities resulting by the strong current of water from the
in temporary or permanent changes to both mountain or hill top. 
social and physical environment.      6. Drought
- It is a condition in which the soil dries
EFFECTS OF DISASTER up, commonly caused by intense heat
1. Injury or loss of life and the absence of rainfall.
2. Damage to property and infrastructures     7. Epidemic 
3. Disruption of economic activities  - The outbreak of diseases involving a
4. Disruption of essential services large volume of population in a certain. 
5. Environmental damage     8. Armed Conflict and Civil Unrest 
6. Psycho-social interference  -It involves armed encounters between
hostiles forces.
SECTION 2:  COMMON CAUSES OF     9. Earthquake  
DISASTER  - Often caused by the movement of
1. Volcanic Eruption.  tectonic plates. When rocks separating
Volcanoes can be disastrous in two the plates moves, sudden seismic
ways: ground-shaking movements occurs. 
a. By spewing solid elements into the air    10. Fire
called lahar,(Lahar pollutes the air and - it involves the destruction of properties
water resources and could also damage due to intense heat brought about by
the top soil making it difficult to support fire. It may also result in the loss of
the existence of plants and trees),  and   lives. 
b. By releasing molten solid elements
known as lava. (Lava moves out of the SECTION 3: FIRE
crater and destroy everything that Fire – refers to the rapid oxidation of
crosses its path. matter accompanied by heat. It has three
2. Tsunami element which are essential to one another
-A chain of fast moving huge waves that when you take away just one, fire dies
commonly caused by the eruption of down. Fire breaks-out when a certain material
underwater volcanoes, earthquakes, or reaches its flashpoint due to a prolonged
even the impact of meteorites. Tsunami exposure to heat.
can assault coastlines, often with little or Flashpoint – is the amount of time and heat
no warning. needed to cause the burning of an object.
     3.  Tropical Cyclone
- A storm system that produces strong Classification of materials that burn.
winds and torrential rain. 1. Flammable – which has lower
     4. Flood  flashpoint and can contract fire with
- The rising of water level in a particular even a slight spark.
area which results from very high 2. Combustible – which take time and
volume of rainwater   and the lack of more intense heat is needed to burn.

Elements of Fire
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1. Oxygen – only 16% of it is needed to 5. Defective electrical wiring and octopus
start a fire. connections.
2. Heat  - It transform an object into 6. Accidents such as the explosion of a
another phase. gas tank.
3. Fuel – Solid, liquid or gas elements that 7. Natural phenomenon like lighting and
feed the fire. intensely warm climate.

Classes of Fire Fire Prevention Measures  

1. Class A – Originating from ordinary 1. Do not store flammable /combustible
combustible materials which can be materials near cooking appliances or
extinguished by cooling commonly  with heating devices.
the use of water.  2. Do not make a bonfire near flammable
2. Class B – Originating from flammable or combustible materials. 
and combustible liquid which can be 3. Do not smoke near flammable or
extinguished by removing the oxygen or combustible materials.
fuel. Chemical agents, wet cloth, sand 4. Keep matches, lighters and ignition
and soil are usually used for this class of devices out of children’s reach.
fire.  5. Keep a supply of water or fire
3. Class C – Originating from electricity extinguisher at home.
charged or mechanical devices which 6. Do not leave the kitchen while cooking. 
can only be extinguished by removing 7. Maintain storage of flammable
the oxygen or fuel. Dry chemicals, sand chemicals outside the house and in a
or soil and similar approaches are used cool place.
to prevent further damage like 8. Check the condition of electrical
electrocution.  appliances and devices regularly.
9. When sensing gas leak, open the
The Behavior of Fire  windows and wait for several minutes
1. Conduction. Fire moves through direct before turning on the light.
contact between a burning object and 10. Do not leave lighted candle or any
another flammable or combustible similar lighting devices unattended. Do
material. not place them near the curtain or any
2. Convection. Fire transfers through the other flammable or combustible
hot vapor that moves upward towards materials. 
the direction of an object located at a 11. Check LPG for leak; keep its tank tightly
higher place. closed when not in use.
3. Radiation. Heat waves cause the 12. Unplug all appliances when not in use.
movement of the fire from one burning 13. Avoid using substandard electrical
object to another,  located a little farther materials.
from its place when the heat becomes 14. Do not overload extension’s chord.
so intense.  15. In case of fire, water or sand can be
used to extinguish it. Water should not
Common causes of Fire be used for fire that originated from
1. Arson – or deliberate burning of any electricity.
property. 16. Fire prevention at all times is better than
2. Smoking near a flammable or control.
combustible material or while lying on What to Do in Case of Fire
bed and drunk. S – soubd the alam
3. Defective or neglected cooking devices, A – advice the fire department (117 or
flat iron and other heating materials. local emergency numbers)
4. Playing with fire near flammable or F – fight the fire
combustible materials. E – evacuate 
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HOW TO USE THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER   9. Evaluate the structural soundness of
P – pull the pin  buildings and houses; strengthen or
A – aim the nozzle  retrofit if necessary.
S – squeeze the lever  10. Conduct and participate in regular
S – sweep side by side focusing on the
fuel and not on the flame.
NOTE: When extinguishing fire, focus
on the fuel and not on the flame.
SECTION 4: DISASTER PREVENTION
APPROACHES  WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING AND
What to do BEFORE, DURING and AFTER
an EARTHQUAKE
1. When inside the house or building, hide
under a table. Do not stay near any
fragile or breakable materials like glass,
ceramics and concrete walls. Open the
door and windows.
2. At the kitchen, stay away from the stove,
refrigerator and cabinet. Shut-off
electrical appliances, cooking stove and
other heating devices, close the LPG
and leave the kitchen immediately if
necessary and hide under the table.
3. If you are in a place with many people,
do not run towards the exit door to avoid
being caught in a stampede. Look for a
safe place to hide.
4. Do not use an elevator when inside a
tall building; use the stair instead. It is
still better if you will just hide under a
tough structure.
5. When outside the house or building,
stay in an open area far from electric
post, buildings, billboards and other tall
and unstable vertical structures.
6. While driving, stop and stay at the safest
side of the road. Avoid overpass and
bridges and stay in a place far from
electric posts, billboards and other
vertical and unstable structures.
7. Make sure that tall cabinets and
refrigerators are standing firmly on their
places and remove everything placed at
the top that might fall when the ground
shakes.
8. Follow structural design and engineering
practices when constructing a house or
building.
earthquake drills.
11. Prepare homes, workplace or schools
by strapping or bolting heavy furniture/
cabinets to the walls; checking the
stability of hanging objects like ceiling
fans and chandeliers. 
AFTER A STORM OR TYPHOON  
1. Inspect the whole house structure,
especially the roof.
2. Cut the branches of a tree that reach
toward your house.
3. Remove all excess galvanized iron
sheets and other debris on the roof
which may be thrown-off to the ground
when the storm arrives.
4. Keep an emergency kit at home that
contains the following: batteries,
flashlights or candles and a match,
drinking water, canned goods and
opener, spare clothes and first aid kit,
medicines and other valuable
belongings or documents.
5. Stay inside the house and listen to the
radio for important bulletin or news. 
6. Wait for the bulletin on the status of the
typhoon/storm before going outside the
house. 
7. Move to a higher ground or to the
designated evacuation area if
necessary.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE AND DURING A
FLOOD
      To avoid the damages brought about by
flood, the following should be considered:
1. Clean the canals. Remove clogging
materials like plastic, styro, foil and the
like. They are not biodegradable and
should not be thrown in water channels.
2. Release dam water slowly to avoid over
flowing and/ or damage. 
3. People living along the river banks and
low lying areas should move to higher
grounds before flood comes. It’s too
risky evacuating when already flooded. 
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4. Prepare enough supply of food and 4. When arriving home by taxi, or
water.  private car, request the driver to wait
5. Prepare life vests and other safety until you have entered your house.
gadgets. 5. Don’t display money or credit cards.
6. Be ready with portable boat or raft (even Unless absolutely necessary, never
made from bamboo or Styrofoam will wear expensive jewelry or carry large
do). amount of money.  
7. Domesticated animals should be placed 6. Have your keys ready so that you can
in safer grounds. open your house door immediately. If
8. Properties and belongings should be a door or window has been forcibly
placed in safer areas to avoid being opened or broken while you were
swept by the stong water current. absent, do not enter your house or call
9. out. Someone may still be inside. Use a
TSUNAMI  neighbor’s phone immediately to call the
police or barangay tanod.
     Tsunami might follow after a strong
earthquake, especially if the origin is in the CRIME PREVENTION AT HOME 
ocean floor. This disaster can be announced 1. Make sure the family members know the
but its occurrence can be as fast as anytime general whereabouts of everyone for the
after the announcement or warning has been day.
given. 2. Instruct all family members, most
      The best thing to do to Avoid this is to especially the young children and
move to a higher places when expecting household help not to entertain
tsunami.  strangers at the gate or on the phone.
3. Verify the identity of the caller on the
SECTION FIVE: CRIME PREVENTION   phone before giving any information.
4. Inform the family members, including
Crime is the commission or omission, the house hold help of the persons or
by a person having capacity, of any act, which numbers to be contacted in an
is either prohibited or compelled by law, and emergency, or if there is any suspicious
the commission of which is punishable by a characters at your door or on the phone.
proceeding, brought in the name of the 5. Household help applicant whose identity
government whose law has been violated. is not known to any members of the
Crime Prevention – is an act to be family or any close relative or friends,
done in order that a crime could not happen.  must be asked to present a police
clearance and ID pictures.
CRIME PREVENTION MEASURES OUTSIDE
THE HOUSE   CRIME PREVENTION TIPS FOR
1. Avoid walking alone. Walk near the YOUNGSTERS 
curb and don’t pass too close to 1. Do not accept invitations or gifts from
shrubbery, dark walkways, and other strangers. 
concealed places. 2. Go straight home after class.
2. Carry a whistle in your hand which is 3. Report suspicious characters around the
ready to use when sensing trouble to house or school to someone in
catch attention. If someone is following authority.
you, immediately cross the street and 4. Watch movies or attend parties in
use the whistle.  groups.
3. Don’t accept rides from strangers. If a 5. Inform your parents, guardians and
vehicle approaches and you are elders about your whereabouts and
threatened, turn and run in the opposite whom you are with for communications
direction.  and safety purposes. 
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6. Avoid vices like: drugs, drinking sprees of the body of another person against
and gambling that attract bad elements. her will.  
7. Keep your personal belongings in safe
places before leaving the house or LESSON 4
dormitories. 
8. Avoid loitering in dark places. LEADERSHIP

WHAT TO DO AFTER THE OCCURRENCE Difference between a leader and a boss.

OF A CRIME   A boss manages their employees, while
The Scene of the Crime Operatives a leader inspires them to innovate, think
(SOCO) – are needed to conduct creatively, and strive for perfection. Every team
thorough investigations on the crime has a boss, but what people
scene, since they are the ones who need is a leader who will help them achieve
have the technical knowledge and greatness. 
equipment to gather sufficient and
reliable information and evidences.  DISCUSSION PROPER:
I-THE LEADERSHIP PROCESS
SECTION SIX: COMMON CRIMINAL
ACTS    What is leadership?
 Leadership is the process of influencing,
CRIME AGAINST A PERSON    motivating, and enabling people to
1. Physical Injury. An injury that is done, perform at the level necessary in
either intentionally or unintentionally by achieving the group’s or organization’s
an individual, by the force of nature or pre-stated goals
by moving objects resulting to an injury  Leadership does not always involve
in any part of a person’s body.  changing the mindset of the members,
2. Homicide. The unlawful killing of a but also creating an environment that
person without direct intent. will bring out the best in each individual.
3. Murder. The unlawful killing of another  Effective leadership capability is
human being with direct intent or developed through a never ending
aforethought. process of self-study, training and
CRIME AGAINST PROPERTY   hands-on application.
1. ROBERRY. An act of unlawfully taking 
one’s property with the use of force and IMPORTANT ELEMENTS IN THE
intimidation. LEADERSHIP PROCESS
2. Theft. An act of unlawfully taking one’s
property but in the absence of direct 1. INFLUENCING
intent, force, or intimidation.  The members’ work attitude is being patterned
3. Arson. Unlawful and deliberate burning after that of the leader’s which is reflective of
of one’s property. the members’ trust and confidence of the
CRIME AGAINST CHASTITY  latter’s leadership capability.
1. Rape. An unwanted of forces sexual
intercourse. When a victim is a minor, it 2. MOTIVATING
is called statutory rape which carries a The leader motivates the group by letting each
more severe punishment. member know the importance of each task
2. Sexual Harassment. The act of towards the attainment of the group’s goals in
soliciting or demanding, either directly or the members’ personal gain.
indirectly, sexual favors by a person of 3. GOAL ACHIEVEMENT
higher stature than the victim. The leader must have to ensure that every
3. Act of Lasciviousness. An act of action taken by the group is aimed toward the
maliciously kissing or touching any part
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attainment of the pre-established goals and
objectives.
Everyone can be a leader, but not everyone
has capable to lead.
II-THE LEADERSHIP APPROACHES
LEADERSHIP STYLE
1. Authoritarian or Dictatorial
The leader is very much task-oriented
accomplishes task through threat of
punishment.
2. Democratic or Consultative
The leader is more people-oriented and
encourages suggestions from members
through a system of consultation.
3. Free-reign or Laissez-faire
The leader is depending more on subordinates
for decisions and the implementation of work
plan.
Factors That Influence The Leader’s Choice
Of Leadership Style
1. The leader’s training and experience.
2. The subordinates’ abilities (both mental
and physical), and experiences.
3. The nature and structure of the
organization, the resources and the
environment (both physical and social).
III-KNOWN LEADERS
1. George Washington (1732-1799)
He led America’s Continental Army to
victory over Britain in the American
Revolutionary war (1775-1783).
Following the end of the war in 1783,
Washington retired to his plantation on
Mount Vernon, to live a private life away
from politics. He presided over the
Constitutional Convention which drafted  for the liberation of women, for
the US Constitution in 1787.
Washington became the United
States 1 President and served two four-
st
years terms. And because of his
significant contribution to the founding of
the United States of America, he
became known as the Father of the
Nation.
2. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
He became leader of Nationalist
Socialist German Workers Party
popularly known as the Nazi Party prior
to becoming the leader of Germany.
He gained power while Germany
was facing crisis after the country’s
defeat in the 1 World War. Hitler ruled
st
with absolute authority and pursued an
aggressive foreign policy with the
intention of expanding Germany.
Germany annexed Austria, the Czech
lands and invaded Poland, which
dragged the entire Europe in another full
scale war. Thus, the 2 World War
nd
started.
Hitler’s aggressive policies had
culminated in the killing of approximately
11 million people, including the
genocide of some six million Jews. In
what is now known as the Holocaust. In
the final days of the war, Hitler, along
with his wife, Eva Braun, committed
suicide in his underground bunker, as
the city was overrun by the Red Army of
the Soviet Union.
3. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
was a major political and spiritual leader
of India. He is recognized as the Father
of the Nation for spearheading the
national campaign for his country’s
independence from British domination.
He pioneered the Satyagraha or the
resistance of tyranny through mass civil
disobedience founded upon the principle
of total non-violence.
Gandhi organized the poor
farmers and laborers to protest against
oppressive taxation and wide spread
discrimination. He led nationwide
campaigns for the alleviation of poverty,
brotherhood among different religions
and ethnicities, for an end to
untouchability and caste discrimination,
and for economic self-sufficiency of the
nation.
4. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)
A Baptist minister and leader of
the American civil right movement. He
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led the African-Americans in the
struggle against discrimination. On the
100 anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s
th
Emancipation Proclamation in 1963,
King organized a march in Washington,
D.C that drew 200,000 people
demanding equal rights for minorities.
In 1964, King became the
youngest man to be awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize for his work as a
peacemaker, promoting non-violence
and equal treatment for the different
races. But on April 4, 1968, King was
assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.
5.  Pope John Paul II (1920-2005)
Reigned as Pope of the Catholic
Church and head of the sovereign state
of Vatican City from October 16, 1978,
until his death more than 26 years later.
He is the only polish pope, and was the
first non-Italian pope since the German
Adrian VI in the 1520s.
On the April 2, 2005 at 9:37pm
local time, Pope John Paul II died in the
Papal Apartment while a vast crowd
kept vigil in Saint Peter’s Square below.
Millions of people including the leaders
of different nations flocked to Rome to
pay their respect.
6.  Ferdinand E. Marcos (1917-1989)
He served the longest term in
history as president of the Philippines.
His good visions and policies for the
country were overshadowed by many
issues on cronyism, massive craft,
corruption and violation of human
rights.  Marcos’ regime was overthrown
in the 1986 popular uprising known as
the Edsa People Power Revolt which
forced his entire family to flee to Hawaii.
He died on exile in Hawaii at
1989 and up to the present, his wish of
buried at Libingan ng mga Bayani is
still awaiting nod of government. Until
now, his family is facing many charges
in anti-graft court as part of the effort of
the government to recover all the wealth
his family had amassed during his reign
in power.
LESSON 4
INTRODUCTION:
Drug education is the planned provision of
information, resources, and skills relevant to
living in a world where psychoactive substances are
widely available and commonly used for a variety
of both medical and non-medical purposes, some of
which may lead to harms such as overdose, injury,
infectious disease (such as HIV or hepatitis C).
DISCUSSION HIGHLIGHTS:
Section 1: SUBSTANCE ABUSE
1. DRUG. A substance used in treatment of health
disorder.
2. DRUG ABUSE. The consumption of any
regulated or prohibited substance without proper
advice from competent authorities.
3. DRUG ADDICTION - The state of chronic
intoxication caused by repeated and
Improper consumption of any regulated or
prohibited substance.
It is characterized by:
A. An overpowering desire to take the substance
B. A tendency to increase the dosage.
C. A psychological and physical dependence on
the substance.
4. DRUG DEPENDENCE- The state of
uncontrollable drive to take a particular
substance to achieve physical and psychological
stability following a continuous but
improper use of the same substance.
5. DRUG TOLERANCE- A condition in which
the body builds up a resistance to the
effects of drugs, so that larger quantities are needed
to obtain the same effect.
6. WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME -The condition
in which the user become uncomfortable
and very irritable as an after effect of the drug
taken.
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CLASSIFICATIONS OF DANGEROUS
SUBSTANCE
1. PROHIBITED DRUGS -Substances that are
highly dangerous when taken without proper
authorization.
2. REGULATED DRUGS -Substances that have
great medicinal value but potentially harmful when
taken without proper authorization and needed to be
administered by doctors.
COMMON SIGNS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
1. Irritability, discourteous, defiant and aggressive
behavior.
2. Untrustworthy and lack of self-confidence.
3. Unhealthy and disinterested about his grooming
and appearance.
4. Has low frustration tolerance.
5. Loses interest in studies and work.
6. Sudden change of habits.
7. Inappropriate eye pupil dilation and contraction.
8. Prefers to be in a company of bad elements.
9. Inappropriate wearing of sunglasses.
10. Reduced or impaired physical activities.
COMMON REASONS WHY PEOPLE TURN
INTO DRUGS
1. Lack of parental guidance.
2. To escape from problems.
3. Curiosity about its effects.
4. To be accepted in group or peer pressure.
5. Ignorance on the effects of substance.
6. To emulate a negative role model.
7. Lack of outlets for other interests.
8. Lack of self-confidence.
9. Depression and frustrations.
10. To stay awake, alert and full of vigor.
Section 2: BASIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF
ADDICITIVE SUBSTANCE
1. NARCOTICS. Drugs that produce sleep or
stupor and relieve pain due to their
depressant effect on the central nervous system.
They can be fatal, and long term users
may develop collapsed veins, liver diseases and
long complications.
EXAMPLES OF NARCOTICS DRUGS
a. OPIUM. Formed from the latex released by
lacerating the immature seed pods of opium
poppies.
b. MORPHINE. A highly potent and highly
addictive opiate analgesic drug that acts directly to
central nervous system.
c. CODEINE. Also known as methylmorphine is
an opiate used for its analgesic and anti-diarrheal
properties.
d. HEROIN. An addictive drug that is processed
from morphine and usually appears as a
white or brown powder. Short-term effects include a
surge of euphoria followed
alternately wakeful and drowsy states and cloudy
mental functioning.
2. DEPRESSANTS OR SEDATIVES. Chemicals
that work on the central nervous system and depress
its activity resulting in calmness, relaxation,
reduction of anxiety and sleepiness, slowed
breathing, slurred speech, staggering gait, poor
judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. Referred to
as downers.
EXAMPLES OF DEPRESSANTS OR
SEDATIVES
a. BARBITURATES. Drugs that act as a central
nervous system depressants. They produce different
effects from mild sedation to anesthesia.
b. ALCOHOL. Toxic chemical compound with a
distinctive perfume-like odor and is
usually contained in beverages. It warms the body
and has depressant effect, especially
when taken in large amount.
3. STIMULANTS. Drugs which increase mental
alertness, relieve fatigue, and offset drowsiness also
known as uppers.
EXAMPLES OF STIMULANTS
A. AMPHETAMINES. These come in a yellowish
crystal either in tablet or capsule form.
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They produce euphoria, sleeplessness and loss of
appetite
B. COCAINE. The most potent stimulant of natural
origin. It is extracted from the leaves of the coca
plant which is grown in the Andean highland of
South America. Cocaine comes in the form of
crystalline and inhaled through nose.
C. SHABU. A white odorless crystal or crystalline
powder with a bitter numbing taste. It is the street
name for the chemical substance known as
Methamphetamine HCL. It also popularly known as
poor man's cocaine.
D. CAFFEINE. An element commonly found in
coffee which prevents sleepiness.
E. NICOTINE. An element found in cigars and
cigarette which can relieve emotional stress.
4. HALLUCINOGENS. Are a diverse group of
drugs that alter perception, thoughts, and
feelings. They cause hallucinations, or sensations
and images that seem real, but they
are not.
A. LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE-25 or
LSD. Lysergic acid diethylamide, also known
colloquially as acid, is a hallucinogenic drug.
Effects typically include altered thoughts, feelings,
and awareness of one's surroundings. Many
users see or hear things that do not exist.
B. MARIJUANA. Cannabis, also known as
marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive
drug from the Cannabis plant used primarily for
medical or recreational purposes.
C. ECSTACY. Ecstasy or molly, is a psychoactive
drug primarily used for recreational purposes. The
desired effects include altered sensations, increased
energy, empathy, as well as pleasure. When taken
by mouth, effects begin in 30 to 45 minutes and last
3 to 6 hours.
5. INHALANTS. Inhalants are a variety of
psychoactive substances that are primarily inhaled.
Teens are the most likely to abuse inhalants.
Though inhalant addiction is not common, its
effects can still be fatally damaging to those who
are afflicted.
A. SOLVENTS. Solvents are liquids that vaporize
at room temperature. These organic solvents can be
inhaled for psychoactive effects and are present in
many domestic and industrial products such as glue,
aerosol, paints, industrial solvents, lacquer thinners,
gasoline, and cleaning fluids.
B. CONTACT CEMENT. Aromatic solvents to
alleviate their hunger, and resulting in crime to fund
their addiction.
C. ACETONE. Acetone or propanone, is a liquid
solvent used to remove nail polish or glue.
EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE TO AN
INDIVIDUAL
1. MALNUTRITION. As an addiction takes hold
and grows, other aspects of life become less of a
priority. Relationships, work, even food, can all
suffer in the face of drug or alcohol abuse. That
may explain the correlation between addiction and
malnutrition. For some, it’s related to the loss of
appetite brought on by alcohol or drugs like heroin.
In other ways, it’s just practical: If someone isn’t
taking care of themselves in other ways, they aren’t
watching their nutrition either.
2. PANIC REACTION. Prolonged harmful
reaction include anxiety and depressive states
can lead to injury and death.
3. PHYSICAL DAMAGES. Liver and kidney
damages may result when taken in a large
quantities and habitual state.
OTHER EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE TO AN
INDIVIDUAL
MENTAL HEALTH ISSUE
-FINANCIAL ISSUE
-BROKEN RELATIONSHIPS
-DRUG OVERDOSE
-LEGAL ISSUES
-DRIVING ISSUES