“Energy Audit of Generation and

Distribution Systems- Nepal

Experience”
Bhishma Pandit
National Energy Efficiency Expert
INTEGRATION GmbH for Nepal Energy Efficiency
Programme(GIZ)
Nepal
Energy Efficiency?

Cut Costs
?
How
?
Energy Audits- Technical –Economical
Think little-Rs.2800/year?
 Contents
• Programme Introduction- Saving potential
• Nepalese power generation and distribution
scenario
• Transmission and distribution
• System load curve
• Load forecast
• Electricity consumption by sector
• Industrial/Commercial tariff
• System loss
Saving opportunities in Nepalese
Industries

As Identified under ESPS /DANIDA programme:

Number of industries participated: 360

– Large:13%
– Medium and small: 87%
– Identified Energy saving potential:
– Electrical ~ 15%
– Thermal ~30%
 GTZ Program NEEP
Nepalese Energy Efficiency Programme
(NEEP)
Govt. of Nepal and Govt. of Germany
Joint Collaboration Programme
Components
1. Component 1: Policy development,
implementation & awareness raisisng
2. Component 2: Energy Efficiency in Households
3. Component 3: Energy Efficiency in Industry
Energy Efficiency Centre (EEC)
FNCCI
Establishment of EEC- 2010
Overall objective of EEC
– to provide quality Energy Efficiency
services to industrial community

9
 Activities
• Awareness programme /trainings from District
Chambers of Industries
• Training of Energy Auditors- NPC India/ BEE course.
• Accreditation of EA
• Investment Grade Energy Audits- 22 industries
• Knowledge management centre – Website- www.eec-
fncci.org
• Networking with regional organizations
• Quality control of report & Capacity development of
DCCI & stakeholders
• Financial Institutions trainings.
 Main Manufacturing Industry
Distribution in the Country
Kaski,4.12%

Chitwan,2.89%
Kathmandu,13.93%
Bhaktapur,3.84%
Lalitpur,5.47%
Kailali,3.31% Sunsari,6.28%

Kanchanpur,2.89%

Dang,1.51%
Banke,2.72%

Kapilbastu,1.49%
Makwanpur,1.60%
Rupandehi,6.33% Bara,5.41%
Dhanusha,1.93%
Nawalparasi,2.13% Jhapa,3.98%
Parsa,6.36% Saptari,1.74%
Morang,8.46%

100 % = 3446 Industry Establishments

Source: Census of Manufacturing

Establishments Nepal 2006-2007
 Sectors:
Electricity Consumption by

Source: WECS Energy Synopsis Report 2010

 Time of Day (TOD) Meter/ Tariff
Energy Charge (NRs/unit)
Monthly Peak Off
Demand Time Peak Normal
Consumer Category and Charge 17:00 - 23:00- 5:00-
Supply Level (Rs/KVA) 23:00 5:00 17:00
High Voltage (66KV and Above)
Industrial 220 7.75 3.3 6.25
Medium Voltage (33 KV)
Industrial 230 8.5 4.2 7
Commercial 285 10.25 5.4 9

Medium Voltage (11 KV)

Industrial 230 8.75 4.3 7.1
Commercial 285 10.5 5.5 9.25
Non Commercial 220 11.25 5.7 10.2

No low power factor penalty

Total energy available and peak
demand
What are the important point for NEA to carry out energy
efficiency:

➢ Peak demand and energy crisis

➢ Supply and demand gap
➢ Need for optimization of generation and
network utilization
➢ Regulator led energy efficiency mandates
➢ Strong lobbying from environmental groups
➢ Resource constraints and customer
demands for cheaper rates
➢ Increased operational flexibility needs
➢ Competition, thanks to reform process and
open access
 Loss reduction Activities- NEA
• Technical and Non technical- Regular
monitoring of feeder which has more than
40% losses
• Use of Areal bundle cable(ABC)
• Upgrading of overloaded transformers and
conductors
• Energy efficiency in lighting-CFL programme
 NEA- Demand side Management
• With the grant assistance from the ADB
• CFL
• Installations of capacitor banks to different
sub stations.
Energy Access and Efficiency
Improvement project- Project for
Energy Efficiency through loss
reduction
 DSM LINKAGES-INDUSTRY SECTOR

Industry sector
Utility Load potential End DSM Technology DSM Implementation
Shape Uses Options Methods
Objectives
 Peak Clipping

Load Shifting MW

Valley Filling
Load profile

Examples:
Water Pumping stations
Ice Bank tanks
Production shuffling
 generic DSM measures in load management,
process/plant Utilities in industry sector…
➢ Power factor improvement
➢ Conventional ballast's on
FTL’s replaced by low loss
ballasts
➢ Adoption of energy efficient
CFL’s/LEDs ,Magnetic induction
lamps, LPSV, HPSV lamps…
➢ Adoption of Lighting voltage
controllers
➢ Motor Soft starters/Energy
savers adoption
➢ Replacement of old pumps
by high efficiency pumps
➢ Replacement of old fans by
high efficiency fans
➢ Application of VSD’s, cogeneration etc,
for EE
➢ Replacement of old compressors,
chillers, by energy efficient
compressors, chillers.
➢ Distribution system upgrades in water
pumping, compressed air, chilled water
systems for EE
➢ Material handling system upgrades for
EE.
➢ Adoption of distributed control
systems, process automation for EE
➢ Furnace, heater upgrades for EE.
➢ Replacement of old rewound motors
by new high efficiency motors.
motors………
•
•
•

•
•
•
 •Power factor
Transmission line planning improvements
Energy Efficiency
and loading •Transformers
Generation side •Voltage
Regulators
•Load
Plant efficiency management
Boiler efficiency •Energy efficient
Substation loading motors
and energy •A/C system
management •VFD
•Compressed air
system
•Ventilation system
Distribution line loading / •Lighting system
Power factor improvement /
Transformer efficiency
Power quality issues Consumer energy
efficiency
Recommendations- Energy Efficiency
within Nepal
• Institutionalizing energy audit expertise
• Policy with mandatory periodic energy audits and
reporting
• Competition and award for improvement in EE by
sector
• Focus on best practices and best available
technology on energy
• Involve educational institutions for offer course on
EE
• Energy audits must be carried out periodically in all
the industries so that opportunities are known and
understood
• Awareness & training about EE
• Financing for the implementation of energy saving
options – mobilize financial institutes and banks
• Keeping the record of data and monitoring
•

– IEC 60076 series for liquid immersed or dry power transformers covering ratings, test
methods, measuring methods for losses.
– IEC 61803, Determination of power losses in HV direct current converter stations.
– IEC 60826, Design criteria of overhead transmission lines
• methods, measuring methods for losses,
•

•
•
 Energy Audit Approach- Nepal
• Energy Auditors course- training – On the job training
• Accreditation of Energy Auditors-
• Pilot Energy Audits and Recommendations
• Implementation with Financial Institutions( Banks)
• Energy Efficiency policy- Mandatory Energy Audits for
biggest consumers and target
• Awareness training on sector approach
• Plant operators trainings
• Capacity building of district industrial associations
 Energy Audit -Methodology
• Historical data analysis
• Bench marking
• No cost- low cost options( Housekeeping options)
• Measurements with Energy Audit tools
• Data Analysis
• Feasibility Analysis of the reports- Vendor information
• Draft report submission with Management
• Final Report
• Implementation plan
Post audit
• Target setting
activities
• Banking - Financing
Implemented cases
vi.Evaporative Condenser

Condenser with open panel

and fouled with scales.
After Cleaning
Savings:

By Reducing the condensing temperature from 58 oC to

35oC
Reduction in Work done by compressor = 44289
KCal/hr
Annual Electrical Savings = 257,495 kWh

Annual Cost Saving = NPR. 1,519,221

Labor Cost for De scaling = NPR 10,000
Pay Back Period = 3 days
Installation of capacitor bank for power factor
improvement.

Investment : NRs. 3.9 lakhs

Pay back period : 12 months.

Particular Before After

Power factor 0.76 0.95
KW load 732 732
KVA load (demand) 963 770

Demand savings/month: 193 kVA

Annual cost savings on demand@ Rs. 190/kVA: Rs. 440000
Reduction in cable and distribution losses: 29,410 kWh
Annual cost savings on energy@ Rs. 5.85/kwh: Rs. 172000
Total cost savings/yr: Rs. 6,12,000
Implementation cost: Rs. 700,000
Simple payback period: 14- months
 Case study-Installation of Silica Insulated
Heater for Extruder Machines.
• Plastic industry saves up to 25 % on energy for
heating extruder

After installation of the nicrome wire elements(Insulation on heaters)

Energy saving/year due to above: 38031kWh

Cost savings @ Rs.6.60/kWh NRs. 251,661

Cost of Implementation NRs. 500,000

Simple payback period 24-months

Parameter STD EE STD EE
Rated kW 11 9.3 15 15
Measured kW 6.5 6.5 12 12
opearing efficiency 85 92 88 92
Operating losses kW 1.1 0.63 1.54 1.03
Difference in losses
kW 0.47 0.51
Annual Operating
hours 6000 6000
Saving in kWh 2820 3060
Unit cost Rs/kWh 5.5 5.5
Cost Saving 15510 16830
Payback 2 years 2 Years
 Save Energy, Save environment, Save
Earth….save your livelihood

Energy efficiency is a tools for cost

reduction, productivity enhancement
and profit increase.

Energy consumption is your profit consumption