direction

ÂÂ :( ÂIIBÎ .

Cosa ( scalar )

.IM?an.Sino(vectorel)Multipkcatiaofthreevectors:
ÂxÂ=Â

 BEÜ
}
-

(
allowed .

ÂXIÂXE )
 LÂE )
} not allowed
-

ÂXCB E) .

coordinatesyste.rs :

1.) Cartesian coordinates .

2.) Cylindrical Coordinat

3.) Spherical Cardinale .
 Cartesian Coordinat !
Z
Ğx ây âz
T
, ,

¥:-,
âi .
âi = 1

Ğicâj

it-jax ay-azayxaz-axa-zxax-aydif eratidley.tl

:O
✗

dd
dxâxtdyâytdzâz
:
:

differential Area :

dxdydt-dydzdA-dxdzdif ere.tw
dA :

Volume : dlt =
dxdydz
•
Z

✗
.to#iT*.*-%EF::Hi:f: :Y: . .
:* "
hz .
dxdydz
 coordinat
Cylindrical .

T
Ğrxâz
☒

Any pointinthiscoordinatesysten.is on a

with radius
cylinder ± .

A :( Kayo H ,
=-D Cartesian Coordinat,

A :( r
,
¢ -21 ,
= >
cylindrical coordinat .

P / 401,2-1

There are threeunituecl.rs âr

,
Öyadât
Ğieâi =\ ârxâ = Ûz
a- i.
âj -0 ĞXĞZ : Ûr
ĞMZ ✗ Ğr =
ÂQ
differential length di-drart.dqai-dz.az
differential Volume iv. rdrdoldz

dU=rd&d

-
Vector

represatatiaineartesiacoordi.no/-es:A-?ar=Axox+Ay.ay+Az-
âz

Vector

represatati-mglindricAZÛZ
: ARÂ
-
+
dcoordind-ei.tt
ApĞ
_
+
-

How

fro-cylindiÂgericdcoordind-estocartesicncoordi.no/-esAx
to convert

= •
Ğx
-

Âgı âg
→

Ay
= •

Âz =
A-jl.az
 "
p

to find Ax =
Âge . âx

Ğ Ap âz Az ) âx
=

⇐ Ar + + •

Axl Â
Az(â;Î
= Artar âx) • + +

ve

Ğr •
Ön = IÂIIOÜI Cosq -

Ğr ĞÜ =
Gsg
.

Ğ •
Öx = 1. 1 .
Cok 904 &)
¢

a-* .
Ğ= -

5in ¢

Axn-Ar.co#-Aq.Sing-
 4

t.fm d Ay =
AĞ .

ây
=
AÇ .

âr + Aşağı Azâz ) ây.

ARIEL + Aa IĞ g)
Azloi.gg#.
i. +
=
-

Ğr 90-0
ây = 1in .co
.

Ğr .

ây :
sino
Ğo .

ây = 1 .
1 . Cos

Ğx .

ây =
Cosby

Ay-rAr.si#-iAo.CosgtvfmAz=AFne-az=@.Artao.Ao + azAH.AT
=
Arf%a7-iA-Y.az 0
+ AHĞ
;E)
Az = Az
 Ar.GS

Ax.si#Ay- Ar.Sin0tAq.CosqAt=AzinMaxtrixforn
Ax =
-

[ %:p
Ay " "

Siro cos ¢ 0

Az 0 0
1 Az

Âca = Axâxt Ayağı Azâz

-
ey
1 rı 0
,
z )
art (✗ , yi Z )
"

y = r .

sino
 Ğz
Example : 2.
b) Â =
âr( 3.co> ¢ ) -

ağ -2 + -

7)
a) P / 4. 60,51 .
Âp ? :

P ( rid , )
-2
,
F- 4
0=60
2- = 5

Â=Ğ( 3. Coscf ) _ Ğozırt 2- Ğz

 :Ğ( 3. Cosbo) -
Ğo -2.4 + 5. Ğz

Â=%ar-8a+5a
P

¥ ¥ baz →
,
b) What is Ap in cartesian coordinat _

ftp.z/:(sixcos& ](
Ay Coq
-

Siro 0

0 0
1 Az

& :[ g) [
"

:) ]
Ax

÷ ÷
.

&
-

sînbo Gibi

%;)
"

=L:< % °

0 0 ,
 ¥1 :( ÷:]
Ax

 : AXР+
Ayağ + Azâz

Âp=768ax-z7aj+5az
c) what
coordinat
is the location P in cartesian

P( 4. 60,51 →
eyclindric.cl Coordinat
Plr 0 , Z) ,

ricosgplx.az
✗ =

) g. rsinu
T ş C

2- = 2-

✗ = 4. ↳ 60=2

4. Sînbo -5253
y =

2- = 5

P( 2.253<5
kıyı 2-
)
-

Spherical coordinat , _

PLR a. 9)
,
A poînt is described
cim !
'¥ç, opoint on sphere
ârxâoiât with
ggâ Ğoxap :& radius ,
R ,

☒
apxar-ao-lhecoordinatesoeR.org
TK unituectorsare.ar.ae ,Â

Ği •

Ğj :O Ğrxap âo =

Ğ .
• Ğ :|.
Ğo ✗ Ğ=Ğr
âoxân _
-

âo

✗ R sina.co>
= .

¢
Oy
R.sino.si#Z=RiCos0o--
=
 Representation of Vector s in Spherical Coordîutş
 = Arian + Ao .
a- •
+ Aa âo.

differential length : Û=ârdR+ Rdoâo

+ Rsînodo Ğo
differential Volume : DV = RL sina.dR.de D8
Example : what is
the Volume of a
sphere with radius B?

Votre
:/§ dv

Rzsînodrdodo
=/ f)
& R
q R:-b
0=21-1 ¢

/ dk .

fsînodo/ .
RZDR

⑥ :O OEO
R :O

ii.
⇐ II. ⇐%) •

= 2Tl .
( -

⇐ IT -
Gso ) ✗
R÷
 = 2Tl .
( -

⇐ A- Gso ) ✗
R§
V : -21T
(-1--1) ¥
Example :
Expres ,
the unit Vector Ğz
in
spherical coordinates .

Anne :

ktaz-cr.ae + G- Ğot ↳ Û
,

to find Cr
,
•
ĞR
Ğz Ğr.
= ( cröır + G- Âo iç ağ) ÂR
-

Ğz .

Ğp =
CR

1. 1. Cosa CR
CR=C⑤
=

âo
tofiud G-
,
•

az.ae =
( cr.cl#tCo--aotCo Âo
1. ↳
1- 190¥ CR

Cr=-Sîn→
to fmd Cg ,
• with â
,

Ğz •
Ğ =
↳
1. 1. Cos 90 = Cq

az=Â.Gso-aaSno-