A bicycle, is called a bike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track

vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A bicycle rider is called
a cyclist, or bicyclist.
Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century in Europe and as of 2003, more than 1
billion have been produced worldwide, twice as many as the number of automobiles that have
been produced. They are the principal means of transportation in many regions. They also
provide a popular form of recreation, and have been adapted for use as children's toys,
general fitness, military and police applications, courier services, and bicycle racing.
The basic shape and configuration of a typical upright or "safety bicycle", has changed
little since the first chain-driven model was developed around 1885. But many details have
been improved, especially since the advent of modern materials and computer-aided design.
These have allowed for a proliferation of specialized designs for many types of cycling.
The bicycle's invention has had an enormous effect on society, both in terms of culture
and of advancing modern industrial methods. Several components that eventually played a
key role in the development of the automobile were initially invented for use in the bicycle,
including ball bearings, pneumatic tires, chain-driven sprockets, and tension-spoked wheels.

A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the
surface of the earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions occur. There are more than 500
active volcanoes in the world. More than half of these volcanoes are part of the “Ring of Fire,”
a region that encircles the Pacific Ocean.
An erupting volcano can trigger tsunamis, flash floods, earthquakes, mudflows and
rockfalls. In an eruption, gases and rock shoot up through the opening and spill over or fill the
air with lava fragments. Eruptions can cause lava flows, hot ash flows, mudslides, avalanches,
falling ash and floods. Fresh volcanic ash, made of pulverized rock, can be harsh, acidic, gritty,
glassy and smelly. The ash can cause damage to the lungs of older people, babies and people
with respiratory problems.
The sound of an eruption volcano can be quiet and hissing or explosive and booming.
The loud cracks travel hundreds of miles and do the most damage, including hearing loss and
broken glass. Volcanic lightning occurs mostly within the cloud of ash during an eruption, and
is created by the friction of the ash rushing to the surface. Roughly 200 accounts of this
lightning have been witnessed live.

Eagles are large, powerfully built birds of prey, with a heavy head and beak. Even the
smallest eagles, like the booted eagle (Aquila pennata) (which is comparable in size to a
common buzzard (Buteo buteo) or red-tailed hawk (B. jamaicensis)), have relatively longer
and more evenly broad wings, and more direct, faster flight – despite the reduced size of
aerodynamic feathers.
Most eagles are larger than any other raptors apart from some vultures. The smallest
species of eagle is the South Nicobar serpent eagle (Spilornis klossi), at 450 g (0.99 lb) and
40 cm (16 in). The largest species are discussed below.
Like all birds of prey, eagles have very large hooked beaks for ripping flesh from their
prey, strong muscular legs, and powerful talons. The beak is typically heavier than that of
most other birds of prey.
Eagles’ eyes are extremely powerful, having up to 3.6 times human acuity for the
martial eagle, which enables them to spot potential prey from a very long distance.This keen
eyesight is primarily attributed to their extremely large pupils which ensure minimal
diffraction (scattering) of the incoming light. The female of all known species of eagles is
larger than the male