Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lva1 App6891
Lva1 App6891
2
-‐ Heat
generated
by
occupants
-‐ Air
exchange
To
take
into
consideration
calculated
heat
gains
and
losses
from:
-‐ Solar
radiation
intensities
on
different
surfaces
-‐ Ambient
air
temperatures
-‐ Heat
gains
from
the
source
in
the
room
-‐ Air
exchanges
3
1.
Methodology
1.1
Building
Considerations
1)
Building
Location:
The
building
must
be
of
a
high
construction
density
built
in
Montreal.
Therefore
we
will
use
building
materials
such
as
high-‐density
insulation,
brick
or
concrete
exterior
and
standard
gypsum
board.
We
will
consideration
the
month
of
July
since
it
has
the
highest
recorded
temperatures.
We
must
omit
all
wind
sources
but
take
into
consideration
heat
emissions
from
surrounding
buildings
which.
This
type
of
heat
will
come
from
convection
from
the
HVAC
systems
of
the
surrounding
buildings.
2)
Building
System:
For
this
project,
we
will
consider
the
building
with
no
air
conditioning
or
mechanical
ventilation
whatsoever.
This
will
force
us
to
find
an
optimal
solution
in
the
most
severe
conditions
and
we
can
later
add
HVAC
as
improvements
if
needed.
3)
Building
Envelope:
For
the
purpose
of
this
project,
inefficient
and
low
performing
materials
will
be
used
to
put
emphasis
on
the
worst
case
scenario
and
due
to
the
fact
that
the
building
was
built
in
the
1950s.
The
building
will
have
low
exterior
material
surface
albedo
(brick
/
stone
cladding),
low
thermal
mass
(wood
/
steel
framing,
not
CMUs),
poor
natural
ventilation
(not
a
lot
of
windows)
,
low
thermal
insulation
(
low
density
fiberglass
insulation,
type
of
window)
and
poor
shading
(flat
roof,
no
louvers,
no
blinds
on
windows).
4)
Room
Location:
The
room
to
be
studied
will
be
located
on
the
top
floor
and
is
therefore
the
most
critical
due
to
the
exposure
of
environment
from
the
roof
and
windows
and
as
with
the
simple
notion
that
heat
rises.
5)
Space
Use:
For
the
project
we
will
consider
cooking
as
the
main
human
activity
and
energy
generated
in
the
room
since
it
creates
the
most
heat.
1.2
Building
Data
1)
Room
Dimensions:
Width:
10
meters
Depth:
8
meters
Height:
2.2
meters
Third
floor
of
a
detached
triplex
building
with
a
flat
roof.
4
2)
Fenestration:
South
Wall:
1
x
2m
x
1.5m
double
glazed
single
pane
window
(sliding).
East
&
West
walls:
1
x
1.5m
x
1m
double
glazed
single
pane
window
(sliding).
Factors
to
consider:
-‐ Window
frame
(conductivity)
-‐ Thermal
transmittance
-‐ Solar
heat
gain
coefficient
-‐ Glass
type
–
double
glazed
-‐ Glass:
clear
/
tempered
-‐ Insulating
glass
-‐ Filling
between
panes
:
air
/
argon
-‐ Low
E-‐coating
-‐ Weather-‐stripping
around
frames
3)
Outdoor
conditions:
-‐
Ongoing
heat
wave
-‐
Maximum
outdoor
temperature:
34
degrees
Celsius
at
3
pm
-‐
Minimum
outdoor
temperature:
23
degrees
Celsius
at
3
am
-‐
Equivalent
sky
temperature
=
5
degrees
Celsius
below
ambient
air
temperature
This
will
be
used
as
the
temperature
for
the
roof
design.
4)
Solar
Radiation:
Use
month
of
July
2012.
See
Table
1
in
Appendix.
5)
Air
exchange
rate:
0.5
when
windows
and
doors
are
closed.
Formula:
! !"#$%& !" !"#!$%&'%!("
a)
!"# = ! (!"#$%& !" !"#!$%&'%!(")
b)
!!"# = !"# ! !"#$!" ! !!"#
6)
Indoor
activity:
Cooking
will
occur
for
2
hours
per
day,
from
7-‐8
am
and
then
6-‐7
pm.
1
occupant
will
be
home
all
day
while
the
other
will
be
at
work
from
8
am
to
5p
5
2.
Modeling
Procedure
1.
Plan
of
the
building
6
2.
Select
Design
1)
Walls
(exterior
to
interior):
-‐
Brick
cladding
-‐
152
mm
Fiberglass
insulation
(batt
insulation)
-‐
12
mm
Interior
Gypsum
Board
For
simplicity,
we
will
neglect
the
air
and
vapor
barriers
and
furring
strips
in
the
compositions.
Also,
we
will
neglect
the
wood
/
metal
framing.
The
insulation
goes
in
between
the
framing.
2)
Floor
(top
to
bottom):
-‐
Finished
floor
:
Hardwood
-‐
152
mm
Fiberglass
insulation
-‐
12
mm
Interior
gypsum
board
For
simplicity,
we
will
neglect
the
framing,
furring
strips,
barriers
and
components
needed
for
the
finished
floor.
Also,
we
will
neglect
all
acoustic
components.
To
simplify
the
equations,
we
will
consider
the
entire
floor
composition
as
one
component
and
the
conduction
through
the
entire
composition
as
one.
3)
Roof
(top
to
bottom):
-‐
Standard
built
up
roofing
membrane
-‐
300
mm
fiberglass
insulation
-‐
12
mm
interior
gypsum
board
For
simplicity,
we
will
neglect
the
air
and
vapor
barriers
and
furring
strips
in
the
compositions.
Also,
we
will
neglect
the
wood
/
metal
framing.
The
insulation
goes
in
between
the
framing.
Also,
we
will
assume
the
built
up
roof
membrane
to
simply
be
felt
7
3.
Draw
electrical
Walls
8
Roof
Floor
9
4.
Determine
Equations
Walls
Point
1:
Energy
law
with
solar
radiation,
conduction
and
convection
!"
!" × ! × !" − !1 + !"×! + ( × !2 − !1 = 0
!"
Point
2:
Energy
law
with
conduction
!" !"
!× × !1 − !2 + !× × !3 − !2 = 0
!" !"
Point
3:
Energy
law
with
conduction
!" !"
!× × !2 − !3 + !× × !4 − !3 = 0
!" !"
Point
4:
Energy
law
with
conduction
and
convection
!"
!× × !3 − !4 + (!"×!× !" − !4 ) = 0
!"
Roof
Point
1:
Energy
law
with
solar
radiation,
conduction
and
convection
!"#$
!" × ! × !" − !1 + !"×! + ( × !2 − !1 = 0
!"#$
Point
2:
Energy
law
with
conduction
!"#$ !"
!× × !1 − !2 + !× × !3 − !2 = 0
!"#$ !"
10
Point
3:
Energy
law
with
conduction
!" !"
!× × !2 − !3 + !× × !4 − !3 = 0
!" !"
Point
4:
Energy
law
with
conduction
and
convection
!"
!× × !3 − !4 + (!"×!× !" − !4 ) = 0
!"
Floor
Energy
law
with
conduction
through
floor
composition
(assumed
to
be
constant),
convection
and
solar
radiation
from
the
windows.
!
11
5.
Create
Matrix
To
solve
for
temperatures,
we
need
to
create
a
matrix.
The
matrix
will
be
composed
of
a
coefficient
matrix,
an
unknown
variable
matrix
and
the
solution
matrix.
The
coefficient
matrix
will
be
a
22x22
matrix
and
will
be
composed
of
the
constants
of
thermal
conduction,
areas,
widths
etc.
that
are
multiplied
with
the
unknowns
(T1,
T2,
T3…).
The
unknown
variable
matrix
will
be
a
1x22
matrix
composed
of
the
temperature
variables
at
each
point
in
each
wall,
the
room
temperatures
,
the
roof
temperatures
and
floor
temperatures.
Finally,
the
solution
matrix
will
be
composed
of
the
constants
multiplied
by
the
outdoor
temperatures
that
are
known
for
each
hour.
See
Table
5
in
the
Appendix
1.
12
3.
Results
3.1
Temperature
Distribution
–
North
Wall
North
Wall
45
40
Temperature
(F)
35
30
Point
1
25
20
Point
2
15
Point
3
10
5
Point
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Time
(Hour)
3.2
Temperature
Distribution
–
South
Wall
South
Wall
120
100
Temperature
(F)
80
Point
1
60
Point
2
40
Point
3
20 Point 4
0
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Time
(Hour)
13
3.3
Temperature
Distribution
–
East
Wall
East
Wall
90
80
70
Temperature
(F)
60
50
Point
1
40
Point
2
30
Point
3
20
Point
4
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Time
(Hour)
3.4
Temperature
Distribution
–
West
Wall
West
Wall
160
140
120
Temperature
(F)
100
Point
1
80
Point
2
60
Point
3
40
Point
4
20
0
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Time
(Hour)
14
3.5
Temperature
Distribution
–
Roof
70
60
Point
1
50
Point
2
40
30
Point
3
20
Point
4
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Time
(Hour)
15
3.6
Temperature
Distribution
–
Floor
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Time
(Hour)
3.7
Temperature
Distribution
-‐
Room
Room
Temperature
Distribution
45
40
35
Temperature
(F)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
16
4.
Discussion
North
Wall
Analyze:
From
the
curve,
we
can
see
that
the
4
points
in
the
wall
show
more
or
less
the
same
trend.
The
temperature
distributions
for
the
exterior
face
brick
and
interior
of
brick
are
almost
identical
to
each
other.
There
are
temperature
spikes
mainly
in
Point
2
and
Point
4.
These
spike
occurs
within
the
two
hours
of
cooking.
From
the
tables,
we
can
see
that
the
lowest
temperature
is
19
degrees
Celsius
at
3
am
and
the
highest
occurs
at
38
at
5
pm
in
terms
of
the
interior
temperature
of
surface
of
walls.
The
temperatures
at
point
4
rise
substantially
during
the
hours
of
occupant
activity.
The
North
Wall
experiences
peak
temperatures
at
the
surfaces
at
6
am
and
at
6
pm.
Explain:
The
trend
lines
of
a
regular
temperature
distribution
curve
should
follow
each
other
more
or
less
depending
on
factors
such
as
seasons,
activities,
location
etc.
Also
keep
in
note
that
there
is
no
mechanical
ventilation/
air
conditioning
system
to
regulate
temperature
fluctuations.
During
the
summer,
point
1
should
experience
the
highest
temperature
due
to
solar
radiation,
convection
and
conduction.
From
the
given
information,
the
highest
temperature
should
occur
at
3
pm
and
the
lowest
at
3
pm.
According
to
Table
1
in
the
Appendix,
the
peak
solar
radiation
value
should
be
at
12
pm
in
the
North
Wall.
Justify:
The
lowest
temperature
in
the
North
Wall
does
occur
at
3
am
however
the
temperature
spike
at
5
pm
instead
of
3
pm
may
be
due
to
occupant
activity
(2
people)
increasing.
The
2
peaks
at
6
am
and
6
pm
for
solar
radiation
on
the
exterior
face
brick
have
an
identical
solar
radiation
value
of
57.
The
reasoning
of
these
peaks
is
unknown,
however
they
probably
are
related
to
the
sunset
and
sunrise
times.
South
Wall
Analyze:
From
the
curve,
we
notice
that
the
shape
of
the
trends
are
very
similar.
We
also
notice
that
the
point
4
curve
temperature
distributions
are
much
lower
and
the
slope
is
almost
flat.
At
point
4
(inside
surface),
the
lowest
temperature
occurs
at
3
am
and
it
is
21
degrees
Celsius
and
the
highest
temperature
occurs
at
5
pm
and
it
is
41
degrees
Celsius.
On
the
exterior
façade
at
point
1,
the
lowest
temperature
occurs
at
3
am
and
it
is
49
degrees
Celsius
and
the
highest
one
occurs
at
12
pm
and
is
108
17
degrees
Celsius.
As
noticed
earlier
like
the
north
wall,
the
curve
rises
in
temperature
during
occupancy
increase
and
peaks
at
cooking
times
in
point
2.
Explain
The
temperatures
at
point
3
and
4
should
be
very
similar
because
the
thickness
of
the
gypsum
board
is
small
in
comparison
and
because
the
temperatures
are
mainly
affected
by
minor
changes
such
as
indoor
convection.
The
south
wall
should
experience
the
higher
temperature
distribution
than
the
other
walls
due
to
the
higher
solar
radiation
values
at
each
hour
during
the
summer.
Justify
The
main
issue
in
the
south
wall
comes
from
the
minimum
and
maximum
temperatures
that
hit
the
brick
façade.
The
minimum
temperature
of
49
degrees
and
the
max
temperature
of
108
seems
highly
unusual
even
though
brick
has
a
high
thermal
conductivity
value.
This
may
be
due
to
the
fact
that
considerations
such
as
shadings,
overhangs,
surrounding
buildings,
trees
etc.
were
not
taken.
Also
it
may
be
due
to
erroneous
temperature
values.
The
inside
temperatures
are
viable
because
the
south
wall
contains
a
large
window
which
increases
solar
heat
gains.
East
Wall
Analyze:
From
a
first
glance,
the
trend
of
the
curves
on
the
east
wall
does
not
match
at
all
and
contain
large
gaps
between.
Another
major
error
noticed
is
that
point
2
is
below
point
4
and
its
values
are
extremely
low.
There
is
a
large
temperature
peak
on
the
exterior
wall
at
8
am
with
a
temperature
of
80
degrees
Celsius.
The
interior
temperature
curve
(T4)
is
fairly
similar
to
the
other
walls
and
the
temperatures
are
fairly
average.
Explain:
The
east
wall
experiences
spikes
in
solar
radiation
especially
between
6
am
to
11
pm.
A
proper
reasoning
to
this
is
may
be
due
to
orientations.
According
to
the
Canada
Mortgage
and
Housing
Corporation’s
article
on
Solar
Energy
for
Buildings:
“Buildings
with
east
and
west
facing
orientations
have
greater
potential
for
overheating
in
the
non-‐heating
season.”
Justification:
Since
the
other
walls
do
not
have
the
issue
of
point
2
being
lower
than
point
4,
the
error
must
either
come
from
solar
radiation
values
or
computation/input
errors
in
Matlab.
18
West
Wall
Analyze:
From
the
graph,
the
trend
of
the
curves
seems
to
follow
fairly
through.
Point
3
and
point
4
are
almost
identical.
There
is
a
large
gap
that
varies
from
the
exterior
surfaces
to
the
interior
ones.
Also
at
first
glance,
we
can
see
that
the
west
wall
is
almost
symmetrical
to
the
east
wall.
The
west
wall
records
the
highest
temperature
on
the
exterior
surface
as
opposed
to
the
other
walls.
The
highest
recorded
temperature
is
at
4
pm
and
it
reads
140
degrees
Celsius.
Explain
&
Justify:
The
gap
between
the
exterior
surfaces
and
the
interior
surfaces
may
be
due
to
solar
radiation
values.
Only
the
north
wall
does
not
have
this
issue
because
of
its
lower
solar
radiation
values
during
the
summer
time.
The
reason
for
the
east
and
west
curves
being
symmetric
are
due
to
the
solar
radiation
values.
The
readings
on
the
east
wall
are
an
inverse
of
the
west
wall.
Also
we
can
use
the
simple
notion
that
the
sun
rises
north
or
south
of
due
east
and
sets
north
or
south
of
due
west.
The
reason
why
the
west
wall
reaches
the
highest
temperature
is
due
to
a
combination
of
solar
heat
gains
and
outdoor
temperature
readings.
The
west
and
east
wall
have
the
highest
solar
radiation
values
(up
to
679W/m^2).
When
this
occurs
at
4
pm,
the
temperature
is
already
around
33
degrees
which
is
almost
34
(the
maximum
outdoor
temperature).
Floor
&
Room
Analyze:
The
floor
and
indoor
temperature
distributions
are
very
similar
to
each
other.
The
highest
temperatures
occur
at
5
pm
and
are
around
40
degrees
Celsius.
The
lowest
temperatures
occur
at
3
am
and
are
around
19
degrees
Celsius.
The
two
peaks
occur
when
both
the
occupants
are
at
home
and
at
high
solar
radiation
values.
The
cooking
hours
have
a
low
impact
on
these
temperatures.
Both
graphs
resemble
the
T4
curves
of
each
wall,
since
it
is
the
indoor
surfaces.
Explain
&
Justify:
The
reason
for
both
graphs
being
similar
to
each
other
have
to
do
with
the
fact
these
formulas
indicates
similar
convection
values.
For
example:
Hi ∗ A ∗ (T4 − Ti) ≅ (Hi ∗ A ∗ Ti − Tf )
Where
T4
is
almost
equal
to
Tfloor
(for
indoor
surfaces)
Also
take
note
that
the
areas
are
identical
19
We
also
note
that
the
0.5
ACH
value
does
not
have
a
big
impact
on
thermal
heat
gains
in
the
summer.
It
might
have
a
larger
impact
in
the
winter
with
heat
losses.
With
peak
temperatures
reaching
34
at
3
pm,
the
curve
should
reach
a
peak
at
3
pm
instead
of
5
pm.
However,
when
taking
into
consideration
solar
heat
gain
from
windows,
increasing
occupant
activity,
high
outdoor
temperature
and
cooking,
it
is
reasonable.
Roof
The
roof
graph
resembles
the
temperature
distributions
for
the
walls.
The
curves
are
more
dependent
on
the
solar
radiation
values
rather
than
interior
activities
and
materials.
We
can
see
that
the
curve
for
the
roof
surface
is
mainly
active
during
the
hours
of
sunlight.
20
5.
Conclusion
5.1
Real
Life
Scenario
After
conducting
this
experiment,
I
have
found
that
the
occupants
are
not
thermally
comfortable
especially
from
2pm
to
5
pm.
The
maximum
indoor
temperature
reaches
38
degrees
Celsius
which
is
about
4
degrees
higher
than
the
maximum
outdoor
temperature.
This
is
taking
into
consideration
only
cooking
activities
and
not
equipment
such
as
refrigerators,
televisions,
computers
etc.
that
might
be
on
for
a
long
time.
A
ventilation
system
is
required
to
exhaust
the
indoor
air
out
at
least
even
if
there
isn’t
an
air
conditioning
system.
5.2
Room
for
Improvement
Suggest
techniques
to
improve
the
thermal
comfort
without
the
use
of
a
mechanical
ventilation
system.
Various
techniques
can
be
used
to
improve
the
thermal
comfort
without
using
a
mechanical
ventilation
system
or
an
air
conditioning
system.
To
minimize
heat
gains
from
the
windows,
we
can
begin
by
adding
shading
systems
(roller
shades
and
venetians)
as
opposed
to
curtains
that
can
be
heavier.
This
will
cut
the
radiation
coming
from
the
sun
especially
through
the
south
wall.
Energy
efficient
windows
can
also
be
added.
For
the
sake
of
the
project,
we
used
double
glazed
windows
without
an
airspace.
There
are
now
double
glazed
windows
available
with
low
emissivity
coating.
This
coating
is
a
thin
metal
film
applied
to
the
glass
that
blocks
enough
solar
radiation
in
the
summer
but
also
allows
enough
heat
gains
in
the
winter.
Triple
glazed
windows
with
an
airspace
and
insulated
spacers
are
also
available
however
they
are
more
of
an
advantage
in
the
winter
time
as
they
provide
a
higher
R-‐value.
Modifying
building
materials
is
also
another
way
to
improve
thermal
comfort.
Materials
with
a
lower
thermal
conductivity
will
provide
lower
heat
gains
through
the
walls.
Facades
that
are
made
of
stucco
or
of
concrete
finishing
systems
are
a
good
choice
because
they
have
a
higher
thermal
mass;
meaning
that
they
are
cooled
at
night
and
they
release
this
coolness
into
the
building
during
the
day.
Also
note
that
a
proper
air
and
vapor
barrier
are
crucial
to
an
overall
proper
envelope
system.
Another
solution
would
be
proper
roof
design.
An
overhang
would
help
in
shading
the
building
to
decrease
solar
radiation.
Heat
islands
from
roofs
are
being
eliminated
today
with
lighter
surfaces,
which
as
a
result
induce
a
higher
surface
reflectance.
Green
roofs
are
also
a
technique
used
to
reduce
heat
islands.
21
6.
References
1.
http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/dept/musings/all-‐about-‐thermal-‐
mass
2.
http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/insulation-‐materials
3.http://www.awwd.ca/images/pdfs/Selecting_Energy_Efficient_Windows%5B1%
5D.pdf
4.
http://www.europeanconcrete.eu/publications/energy-‐efficiency/121-‐concrete-‐
for-‐energy-‐efficient-‐buildings-‐the-‐benefits-‐of-‐thermal-‐mass
5.http://www.cmhcschl.gc.ca/en/inpr/bude/himu/coedar/upload/OAA_En_aug10.
pdf
6.
http://solar-‐center.stanford.edu/AO/sunrise.html
7.http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/dl/free/0073398128/835451/Chapter16.
pdf
22
7.
Appendix
1
Table
1-‐Solar
Radiation
Values
in
(W/m2)
Time
(Hour)
North
East
South
West
Roof
5
32
71
5
5
9
6
57
472
38
38
119
7
83
651
68
63
286
8
87
679
107
82
454
9
97
606
209
97
595
10
107
457
318
107
704
11
114
252
394
114
772
12
116
126
420
126
795
13
114
114
394
252
772
14
107
107
318
457
704
15
97
97
209
606
595
16
87
82
107
679
454
17
83
63
68
651
286
18
57
38
38
472
119
19
32
5
5
71
9
Table
2-‐
Surface
Conductances
for
Air
23
Table
3
–
Thermal
Properties
of
Materials
24
Table
4
–
Outside
Hourly
Temperatures
Time
Temperature
0
23.41866257
1
23.73686028
2
24.13655663
3
24.6109127
4
25.15181214
5
25.75
6
26.39524112
7
27.07649525
8
27.78210594
9
28.5
10
29.21789406
11
29.92350475
12
30.60475888
13
31.25
14
31.84818786
15
32.3890873
16
32.86344337
17
33.26313972
18
33.58133743
19
33.81259204
20
33.95294674
21
34
22
33.95294674
23
33.81259204
24
33.58133743
25
Table
5-‐Matrix
26
T1N T2N T3N T4N T1S T2S T3S T4S T1E T2E T3E T4E T1W T2W
-‐Anw*(-‐Kb/Xb+ho) Anw(Kb/Xb) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Anw*Kb/Xb -‐Anw*(Kb/Xb+Ki/Xi) Anw*Ki/Xi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 Anw*Ki/Xi -‐Anw*(Ki/Xi+Kg/Xg) Anw*Kg/Xg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 (Anw*Kg/Xg) -‐Anw(Kg/Xg+Hi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 -‐Asw*(-‐Kb/Xb+ho) Asw(Kb/Xb) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 Asw*Kb/Xb -‐Asw*(Kb/Xb+Ki/Xi) Asw*Ki/Xi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 Asw*Ki/Xi -‐Asw*(Ki/Xi+Kg/Xg) Asw*Kg/Xg 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 (Asw*Kg/Xg) -‐Asw(Kg/Xg+Hi) 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -‐Aew*(-‐Kb/Xb+ho) Aew(Kb/Xb) 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aew*Kb/Xb -‐Aew*(Kb/Xb+Ki/Xi) Aew*Ki/Xi 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aew*Ki/Xi -‐Aew*(Ki/Xi+Kg/Xg) Aew*Kg/Xg 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (Aew*Kg/Xg) -‐Aew(Kg/Xg+Hi) 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -‐Aww*(-‐Kb/Xb+ho) Aww(Kb/Xb)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aww*Kb/Xb -‐Aww*(Kb/Xb+Ki/Xi)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aww*Ki/Xi
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 Hi*Anw 0 0 0 Hi*Asw 0 0 0 Hi*Aew 0 0
T3W T4W TIROOF T2ROOF T3ROOF T4ROOF TFLOOR Ti TEMP-‐VALUES SOLUTIONS
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T1
(north)
-‐(Ho*A*To+Qsn*A)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T2
(north) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T3
(north) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hi*Anw T4
(north) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T1
(south)
-‐(Ho*A*To+Qsn*A)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T2
(south) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T3
(south) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hi*Asw T4
(south) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T1
(east)
-‐(Ho*A*To+Qsn*A)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T2
(east) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T3
(east) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hi*Aew T4
(east) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T1
(west)
-‐(Ho*A*To+Qsn*A)
Aww*Ki/Xi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T2
(west) 0
-‐Aww*(Ki/Xi+Kg/Xg) Aww*Kg/Xg 0 0 0 0 0 0 T3
(west) 0
(Aww*Kg/Xg) -‐Aww(Kg/Xg+Hi) 0 0 0 0 0 Hi*Aww T4
(west) 0
0 0 -‐Ar*(-‐Kb/Xb+ho) Ar(Kb/Xb) 0 0 0 0 T1(roof) (-‐Ho*A*To)-‐(Qsn*A)
0 0 Ar*Kb/Xb -‐Ar*(Kb/Xb+Ki/Xi) Ar*Ki/Xi 0 0 0 T2(roof) 0
0 0 0 Ar*Ki/Xi -‐Ar*(Ki/Xi+Kg/Xg) Ar*Kg/Xg 0 0 T3(roof) 0
0 0 0 0 (Ar*Kg/Xg) -‐Ar(Kg/Xg+Hi) 0 Hi*Ar T4(roof) 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 (-‐Hi*Af)-‐(Kso/Xf) Hi*Af Tfloor (-‐Kso/Xf)*(Tcon)-‐(Qe*Aew*Trans)-‐(Qs*Asw*Trans)-‐(Qw*Aww*Trans)
0 Hi*Aww 0 0 0 Hi*Ar Hi*Af (Hi)*(-‐Anw-‐Asw-‐Aew-‐Aww-‐Ar-‐Af)-‐(Ma*Cp) Ti (-‐Qperson)-‐(Qcooking)-‐(Ma*Cp*To)
Table
6:
Results
27
North Wall - 1st Iteration
#1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
POINT 1 27.1234 26.62514 26.42584 26.62514 27.35042 28.52695 30.15511 31.30563 32.80262 34.28296 35.7143 36.80974 37.70735 38.1694 38.2835 37.98234 37.42378 36.49765 34.92401 33.30186 31.90672 30.51159 29.21611 28.02028
POINT 2 32.99645 32.50116 32.30305 32.50116 33.25024 34.61829 36.68749 37.5354 39.08558 40.59048 41.9962 43.06109 43.97733 44.45368 44.53368 44.17217 43.55832 42.88277 40.77852 39.13793 37.75115 36.36436 35.07663 33.88795
POINT 3 161.8722 161.4423 161.2704 161.4423 162.7179 168.3197 180.1369 174.2986 177.0258 179.0748 179.9155 180.3062 181.635 182.4278 181.7544 180.0589 178.2227 183.0839 169.252 167.2026 165.999 164.7953 163.6776 162.6459
POINT 4 167.8465 167.4196 167.2489 167.4196 168.7199 174.5198 186.7929 180.642 183.4243 185.4989 186.3133 186.6724 188.0206 188.8282 188.1196 186.3616 184.4682 189.5884 175.2079 173.1393 171.9442 170.749 169.6392 168.6148
#10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
POINT 1 23.73172 23.23172 23.03172 23.23172 23.96242 25.16362 26.8441 27.96816 29.47686 30.96587 32.40047 33.49727 34.40048 34.86589 34.97689 34.66819 34.10154 33.19742 31.56246 29.93175 28.53174 27.13173 25.83173 24.63172
POINT 2 23.78626 23.28626 23.08626 23.28626 24.05008 25.48514 27.69646 28.4725 30.05449 31.58293 32.9975 34.06605 34.99752 35.48298 35.55456 35.17259 34.53677 33.92102 31.65017 29.98634 28.58632 27.18631 25.88629 24.68628
POINT 3 24.99049 24.4904 24.29037 24.4904 25.98529 32.58421 46.51636 39.60821 42.80845 45.20748 46.17967 46.62471 48.18003 49.10819 48.30944 46.30942 44.14647 49.8979 33.58666 31.19161 29.79136 28.39111 27.09087 25.89066
POINT 4 25.04673 24.54664 24.3466 24.54664 26.07566 32.91577 47.39534 40.1283 43.40412 45.84381 46.79534 47.21125 48.79571 49.74455 48.90515 46.82956 44.59529 50.6441 33.67709 31.24789 29.84763 28.44737 27.14712 25.9469
#1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
POINT 1 27.1234 26.62514 26.42584 26.62514 27.17596 28.40417 30.05819 31.43486 33.52633 35.64638 37.52358 38.7741 39.51663 39.53282 39.00721 38.11158 37.32685 36.37487 34.74954 33.30186 31.90672 30.51159 29.21611 28.02028
POINT 2 32.99645 32.50116 32.30305 32.50116 33.08256 34.5003 36.59433 37.6596 39.78113 41.90085 43.73507 44.949 45.7162 45.76404 45.22923 44.29637 43.46516 42.76477 40.61084 39.13793 37.75115 36.36436 35.07663 33.88795
POINT 3 161.8722 161.4423 161.2704 161.4423 162.7001 168.3072 180.127 174.3118 177.0996 179.214 180.1002 180.5066 181.8197 182.567 181.8282 180.072 178.2128 183.0714 169.2342 167.2026 165.999 164.7953 163.6776 162.6459
POINT 4 167.8465 167.4196 167.2489 167.4196 168.7091 174.5122 186.7869 180.65 183.4691 185.5833 186.4253 186.7941 188.1327 188.9127 188.1644 186.3696 184.4622 189.5808 175.1971 173.1393 171.9442 170.749 169.6392 168.6148
#10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
POINT 1 23.73172 23.23172 23.03172 23.23172 23.78796 25.04084 26.74718 28.0974 30.20058 32.3293 34.20976 35.46164 36.20977 36.22931 35.7006 34.79743 34.00462 33.07465 31.38799 29.93175 28.53174 27.13173 25.83173 24.63172
POINT 2 23.78626 23.28626 23.08626 23.28626 23.8824 25.36714 27.6033 28.59671 30.75005 32.89331 34.7364 35.954 36.73642 36.79336 36.25012 35.29679 34.44362 33.80302 31.48249 29.98634 28.58632 27.18631 25.88629 24.68628
POINT 3 24.99049 24.4904 24.29037 24.4904 25.96748 32.57168 46.50647 39.6214 42.88232 45.34665 46.36434 46.82521 48.3647 49.24735 48.38331 46.32261 44.13658 49.88537 33.56885 31.19161 29.79136 28.39111 27.09087 25.89066
POINT 4 25.04673 24.54664 24.3466 24.54664 26.06486 32.90816 47.38934 40.13631 43.44895 45.92827 46.90742 47.33294 48.90779 49.82901 48.94998 46.83756 44.58928 50.63649 33.66628 31.24789 29.84763 28.44737 27.14712 25.9469
#1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
POINT 1 27.1234 26.62514 26.42584 26.62514 27.17596 28.40417 30.02588 31.27332 32.80262 34.28296 35.7143 36.87436 38.59907 40.431 41.57251 41.80767 41.09402 39.17925 35.17602 33.30186 31.90672 30.51159 29.21611 28.02028
POINT 2 32.99645 32.50116 32.30305 32.50116 33.08256 34.5003 36.56328 37.50435 39.08558 40.59048 41.9962 43.12319 44.83434 46.62727 47.6947 47.84864 47.08574 45.46003 41.02072 39.13793 37.75115 36.36436 35.07663 33.88795
POINT 3 161.8722 161.4423 161.2704 161.4423 162.7001 168.3072 180.1237 174.2953 177.0258 179.0748 179.9155 180.3127 181.726 182.6587 182.0901 180.4493 178.5973 183.3576 169.2777 167.2026 165.999 164.7953 163.6776 162.6459
POINT 4 167.8465 167.4196 167.2489 167.4196 168.7091 174.5122 186.7849 180.64 183.4243 185.4989 186.3133 186.6764 188.0759 188.9683 188.3233 186.5986 184.6956 189.7545 175.2235 173.1393 171.9442 170.749 169.6392 168.6148
#10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
POINT 1 23.73172 23.23172 23.03172 23.23172 23.78796 25.04084 26.71487 27.93586 29.47686 30.96587 32.40047 33.56189 35.2922 37.1275 38.26591 38.49355 37.77181 35.87905 31.81447 29.93175 28.53174 27.13173 25.83173 24.63172
POINT 2 23.78626 23.28626 23.08626 23.28626 23.8824 25.36714 27.57225 28.44145 30.05449 31.58293 32.9975 34.12816 35.85455 37.6566 38.71563 38.84911 38.06425 36.49831 31.89237 29.98634 28.58632 27.18631 25.88629 24.68628
POINT 3 24.99049 24.4904 24.29037 24.4904 25.96748 32.57168 46.50317 39.60492 42.80845 45.20748 46.17967 46.6313 48.27105 49.33903 48.64515 46.69987 44.52109 50.17161 33.61238 31.19161 29.79136 28.39111 27.09087 25.89066
POINT 4 25.04673 24.54664 24.3466 24.54664 26.06486 32.90816 47.38733 40.1263 43.40412 45.84381 46.79534 47.21526 48.85095 49.88465 49.1089 47.06653 44.82265 50.81022 33.6927 31.24789 29.84763 28.44737 27.14712 25.9469
#1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
POINT 1 27.1234 26.62514 26.42584 26.62514 27.60243 31.20855 33.82536 35.13095 36.09162 36.54455 36.60602 36.87436 37.70735 38.1694 38.2835 37.95003 37.29454 36.37487 34.74954 33.30186 31.90672 30.51159 29.21611 28.02028
POINT 2 32.99645 32.50116 32.30305 32.50116 33.49244 37.19555 40.21491 41.21187 42.2466 42.76407 42.85322 43.12319 43.97733 44.45368 44.53368 44.14112 43.43411 42.76477 40.61084 39.13793 37.75115 36.36436 35.07663 33.88795
POINT 3 161.8722 161.4423 161.2704 161.4423 162.7436 168.5934 180.5115 174.689 177.3615 179.3057 180.0066 180.3127 181.635 182.4278 181.7544 180.0556 178.2095 183.0714 169.2342 167.2026 165.999 164.7953 163.6776 162.6459
POINT 4 167.8465 167.4196 167.2489 167.4196 168.7355 174.6859 187.0203 180.8789 183.6281 185.639 186.3685 186.6764 188.0206 188.8282 188.1196 186.3596 184.4602 189.5808 175.1971 173.1393 171.9442 170.749 169.6392 168.6148
#10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
POINT 1 23.73172 23.23172 23.03172 23.23172 24.21443 27.84524 30.51437 31.79352 32.76589 33.22748 33.29219 33.56189 34.40048 34.86589 34.97689 34.63589 33.97231 33.07465 31.38799 29.93175 28.53174 27.13173 25.83173 24.63172
POINT 2 23.78626 23.28626 23.08626 23.28626 24.29228 28.06243 31.22394 32.14903 33.21556 33.75655 33.85453 34.12816 34.99752 35.48298 35.55456 35.14153 34.41256 33.80302 31.48249 29.98634 28.58632 27.18631 25.88629 24.68628
POINT 3 24.99049 24.4904 24.29037 24.4904 26.01101 32.85792 46.89098 39.99866 43.14416 45.43832 46.27069 46.6313 48.18003 49.10819 48.30944 46.30612 44.13328 49.88537 33.56885 31.19161 29.79136 28.39111 27.09087 25.89066
POINT 4 25.04673 24.54664 24.3466 24.54664 26.09128 33.08189 47.62271 40.36527 43.60787 45.98391 46.85058 47.21526 48.79571 49.74455 48.90515 46.82756 44.58728 50.63649 33.66628 31.24789 29.84763 28.44737 27.14712 25.9469
Roof - 1st Iteration
#1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
POINT 1 26.66911 26.16954 25.96971 26.16954 26.74354 28.45107 30.94393 33.20167 35.54697 37.67102 39.50511 40.74307 41.50339 41.56767 41.04224 39.89591 38.27637 36.39962 34.33701 32.86378 31.46498 30.06618 28.7673 27.56833
POINT 2 55.06101 54.57663 54.38288 54.57663 55.28166 57.74863 62.05727 62.76003 65.1881 67.30309 68.94633 70.01864 70.88384 71.08122 70.51625 69.25068 67.5737 66.99052 62.64419 61.06728 59.71102 58.35477 57.09539 55.93288
POINT 3 165.2838 164.8556 164.6844 164.8556 166.1321 171.8823 184.0127 178.0951 180.9194 183.0332 183.8915 184.2763 185.6042 186.3729 185.6292 183.8326 181.8808 186.8051 172.6403 170.5931 169.3942 168.1954 167.0821 166.0545
POINT 4 169.9174 169.4916 169.3213 169.4916 170.7924 176.6823 189.1456 182.9465 185.7878 187.9016 188.7267 189.0823 190.43 191.2229 190.4716 188.6523 186.6888 191.8472 177.2647 175.1974 174.0052 172.8129 171.7058 170.6839
#10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
POINT 1 23.77505 23.274 23.07358 23.274 23.85255 25.58068 28.11713 30.35313 32.70834 34.83977 36.67672 37.9159 38.68094 38.74799 38.21994 37.06727 35.44088 33.58222 31.46858 29.98813 28.58518 27.18222 25.87948 24.67695
POINT 2 23.98681 23.48649 23.28637 23.48649 24.24052 26.9296 31.70846 32.17614 34.71079 36.90494 38.57874 39.66408 40.58001 40.80741 40.21428 38.88039 37.12979 36.7422 31.84534 30.19074 28.78985 27.38896 26.08814 24.88738
POINT 3 25.02179 24.52166 24.32162 24.52166 26.02272 32.79424 47.09095 40.07783 43.38672 45.85913 46.85228 47.29288 48.85276 49.76008 48.88805 46.77945 44.49294 50.32869 33.62456 31.22329 29.82295 28.42261 27.12229 25.922
POINT 4 25.06572 24.56561 24.36556 24.56561 26.09838 33.04323 47.74407 40.41332 43.75508 46.23931 47.20356 47.61678 49.20401 50.14019 49.25632 47.11483 44.80557 50.90555 33.7001 31.26712 29.8668 28.46649 27.16619 25.96592
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
FLOOR 177.0263 176.6041 176.4353 176.6041 178.0923 185.0691 198.5067 192.0904 195.2123 197.464 198.1576 198.3602 199.8464 200.757 199.8563 197.7477 195.5482 200.6086 184.5095 182.2614 181.0793 179.8971 178.7995 177.7862
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
FLOOR 25.13355 24.63345 24.43341 24.63345 26.36497 34.44824 50.23282 42.62933 46.27612 48.91618 49.75569 50.01867 51.75609 52.81696 51.77722 49.33068 46.76858 52.81678 33.96649 31.33479 29.93451 28.53423 27.23397 26.03373
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Room 177.0248 176.6026 176.4337 176.6026 177.941 184.047 197.0249 190.3909 193.2585 195.3726 196.1464 196.4569 197.8351 198.6657 197.9025 196.0482 194.0663 199.5865 184.3582 182.2598 181.0777 179.8956 178.7979 177.7847
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Room 25.13355 24.63345 24.43341 24.63345 26.2152 33.42768 48.7525 40.93132 44.32383 46.82631 47.74593 48.11689 49.74633 50.72709 49.82493 47.63266 45.28826 51.79623 33.81672 31.33479 29.93451 28.53423 27.23397 26.03373
8.
Appendix
2
Matlab
Programming
28