Formulário de Cálculo

Departamento de Matemática

FUNÇÃO LOGARÍTMICA
α ∈ R, a, b ∈ ]0, +∞[ \ {1} e x, y ∈ ]0, +∞[
1 x
loga (xy) = loga x + loga y loga = − loga x loga = loga x − loga y
x y
loga (xα ) = α loga x loga x = logb x loga b loga 1 = 0

FUNÇÕES TRIGONOMÉTRICAS
1 π π π π
sen2 x + cos2 x = 1 1 + tg2 x = 0 6 4 3 2
cos2 x √ √
1 2 3
1 sen 0 1
1 + cotg2 x = sen(2x) = 2 sen x cos x √2 √2 2
3 2 1
sen2 x cos 1 0
√2 2
√2
3
cos(2x) = cos2 x − sen2 x cos(2x) = 2 cos2 x − 1 tg 0 3 1 3 n.d.
√ √
3
cos(2x) = 1 − 2 sen2 x cotg n.d. 3 1 3 0

sen(x + y) = sen x cos y + sen y cos x sen(x − y) = sen x cos y − sen y cos x

cos(x + y) = cos x cos y − sen x sen y cos(x − y) = cos x cos y + sen x sen y
x+y x−y x−y x+y
sen x + sen y = 2 sen cos sen x − sen y = 2 sen cos
2 2 2 2
x+y x−y x+y x−y
cos x − cos y = −2 sen sen cos x + cos y = 2 cos cos
2 2 2 2

FUNÇÕES TRIGONOMÉTRICAS INVERSAS

Domínio Contradomínio Definição

arc sen [−1, 1] [−π/2, π/2] arc sen x = y ⇔ x = sen y ∧ y ∈ [−π/2, π/2]

arc cos [−1, 1] [0, π] arc cosx = y ⇔ x = cos y ∧ y ∈ [0, π]

arc tg R ]−π/2, π/2[ arc tg x = y ⇔ x = tg y ∧ y ∈ ]−π/2, π/2[

arc cotg R ]0, π[ arc cotg x = y ⇔ x = cotg y ∧ y ∈ ]0, π[

LIMITES

ey −1 ln(1 + y) sen y tg y arc sen y

lim =1 lim =1 lim =1 lim =1 lim =1
y→0 y y→0 y y→0 y y→0 y y→0 y
a y
 
arc tg y π π
lim =1 lim arc tg y = lim arc tg y = − lim 1 + = ea
y→0 y y→+∞ 2 y→−∞ 2 y→+∞ y
 TABELA DE DERIVADAS

α ∈ R e a ∈ ]0, +∞[ \ {1}

[αu(t)]′ = α u′ (t) [u(t) + v(t)]′ = u′ (t) + v ′ (t)

u(t) ′ u′ (t) v(t) − u(t) v ′ (t)

 
′
[u(t) v(t)] = u′ (t) v(t) + u(t) v ′ (t) =
v(t) [v(t)]2
hp i′ u′ (t)
[(u(t))α ]′ = α u′ (t) [u(t)]α−1 u(t) = p
2 u(t)
′ u′ (t)
eu(t) = u′ (t) eu(t)

[ln (u(t))] =
u(t)
′ u′ (t)
au(t) = u′ (t)au(t) ln a [loga (u(t))]′ =

u(t) ln a
[sen (u(t))]′ = u′ (t) cos (u(t)) [cos (u(t))]′ = −u′ (t) sen (u(t))

u′ (t) u′ (t)
[tg (u(t))]′ = [cotg (u(t))]′ = −
cos2 (u(t)) sen2 (u(t))
u′ (t) u′ (t)
[arc sen (u(t))]′ = q [arc cos (u(t))]′ = − q
1 − (u(t))2 1 − (u(t))2
u′ (t) u′ (t)
[arc tg (u(t))]′ = [arc cotg (u(t))]′ = −
1 + (u(t))2 1 + (u(t))2
[senh (u(t))]′ = u′ (t) cosh(u(t)) [cosh (u(t))]′ = u′ (t) senh(u(t))

TABELA DE PRIMITIVAS

α ∈ R \ {−1} e a > 0

[u(t)]α+1 u′ (t)
Z Z
′ α
u (t) [u(t)] dt = + C, dt = ln |u(t)| + C
α+1 u(t)
au(t)
Z Z
u(t) u(t)
′
u (t) e dt = e +C u′ (t)au(t) dt = +C com a 6= 1
ln a
Z Z
′
u (t) sen [u(t)] dt = − cos [u(t)] + C u′ (t) cos [u(t)] dt = sen [u(t)] + C
Z Z
u′ (t) senh [u(t)] dt = cosh [u(t)] + C u′ (t) cosh [u(t)] dt = senh [u(t)] + C

u′ (t) u′ (t)
Z Z
dt = tg [u(t)] + C dt = − cotg [u(t)] + C
cos2 [u(t)] sen2 [u(t)]
u′ (t) u(t) u′ (t) u(t)
Z Z
q dt = arc sen +C −q dt = arc cos +C
a a
a2 − [u(t)]2 a2 − [u(t)]2
u′ (t) 1 u(t) u′ (t) 1 u(t)
Z Z
2 2 dt = a arc tg a + C −
2 2 dt = a arc cotg a + C
a + [u(t)] a + [u(t)]

FÓRMULAS DE PRIMITIVAÇÃO E DE INTEGRAÇÃO POR PARTES

Z Z Z b h ib Z b
′ ′
f (x) g(x) dx = f (x) g(x) − f (x) g (x) dx f (x) g(x) dx = f (x) g(x) − f (x) g′ (x) dx
′
a a a