Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: BASIC COURSE 1 - 1st SEM- 2022-2023

UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE: Chapter 3. Combat Training of the Individual

Soldier-
MS1 MODULE
LESSON TITLE: BASIC INTELLIGENCE
LESSON OVERVIEW:
This lesson is designed to explain what is military intelligence and its uses.
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, the students must be able to:
Define military intelligence;
Explain the four axioms of intelligence; and
Differentiate military intelligence from information.
LESSON CONTENT
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Military Intelligence – is the knowledge acquired through the collection, evaluation and
interpretation of all available information concerning a possible or actual enemy or areas
of operations, including the weather and terrain.
Military Information – These terms include all facts, documents, materials,
photographs, diagrams, maps and reports of or observations of any kind which
increases our knowledge of a possible true or false, accurate or inaccurate, positive or
negative, organized or unorganized and related or unrelated. Information is only a raw
material which is not been processed. This information is not intelligence yet.
THE FOUR (4) AXIOMS OF INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence axioms are facts that require no proof because the truth of these
statements is obvious.
a. AXIOM No 1 – Intelligence is crucial to internal security. It can provide us with
advanced warning of insurgent activity.
b. AXIOM No 2 – Intelligence is essential to all type of operations. The
government of a nation should initiate a carefully planned, fully coordinated and
intensely executed program to maintain or restore internal security.
THREE (3) BASIC TYPES OF OPERATIONS
1. Internal Defense Operations – It is directed against armed insurgents, secessionist
movements, as well as the ultra-rightists, their organizations, methods, motives, their
support system to include their human and material resources.
2. Internal Development Operations – This is undertaken to improve the political,
economic and social aspect and environments with within a nation thereby alleviating
causes of dissatisfaction by the people towards the government. One of the best
examples on this kind of operations is the Civil Military Operations and Special
Operations Teams concept adopted by the Armed Forces in its latest drive against
insurgency.
3. Psychological Operations – This is conducted to influence the attitude and behavior
of all groups within the populace thereby obtaining the maximum support of the
government. Intelligence provides all the information where all these operations must be
planned, implemented and evaluated if the government is to be successful.
c. AXIOM No 3 – Intelligence is the responsibility of all government agencies. As
the nature of subversive insurgency requires a thoroughly controlled and coordinated
effort on the part of the government, all government agencies should contribute to the
intelligence efforts to collect the detailed information and produce a comprehensive
intelligence that are required for internal defense, internal development and
psychological operations.
d. AXIOM No 4 – Intelligence of the government must be superior to that of the
enemy. The struggle between subversive insurgent organization and that of the
constituted government of a nation has sometimes been called the “Intelligence war”.
However, the government intelligence must surpass the intelligence of the subversive
insurgents to be able to win every battle and consequently win the war of insurgency in
the country.
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: BASIC COURSE 1 - 1st SEM- 2022-2023

PRINCIPLE OF INTELLIGENCE
Certain basic principles guide the conduct of intelligence operations regardless of
requirements or available intelligence means or environmental conditions at a particular
time or place. Although the principles complement each other and are mutually
dependent, in some situations they conflict. Thus, the application of the principles in any
given situation is a matter of judgment and one or more principles may be
reemphasized because of existing circumstances.
1. Intelligence Is Continuous – The basic principles of intelligence operations are that
all intelligence activities follow a simple cycle, which is continuous. At the same time
that new information is being collected in response to direction, other information is
being processed and intelligence is being used.
2. Intelligence Operations and Tactical Operations are Interdependent –
Intelligence operations are an integral part of the operation of all units. The degree of
success achieved in accomplishing a tactical mission is, in large part, proportional to the
quality of available intelligence in the effectiveness with which is used. Tactics and
strategy are at the same time the cause in effect of intelligence operations. Staff officers
preparing operational orders/plans for issue and those responsible for intelligence
operations must work as one team with responsibility for intelligence coordination
resting jointly upon intelligence and other staff sections.
3. Intelligence must be Useful – Intelligence produced only for the sake of increasing
knowledge is merely interesting. Useful intelligence enhances understanding of the
problems to be solved and results in assisting the commanders’ problem is essential to
determine what intelligence is useful.
4. Intelligence must be Timely – The best intelligence is worthless if it does not reach
the user in time for appropriate consideration or action. Some sacrifice of completeness
and accuracy may have to be accepted because the situation requires a decision before
complete intelligence can be produced. If this occurs, the user must be advised of the
loss of completeness and accuracy.
5. Intelligence Operations must be Flexible – Standard procedures must make
intelligence operations more effective, however, procedures must be responsible to
changes to meet existing requirements under any situation. Intelligence operations are
based on reason and sound judgment. Procedures, which do not readily adapt to a
given situation, are generally discarded.
6. Intelligence Operations Require Imagination and Foresight – Policies or
procedures which limit imagination or initiative are avoided. All intelligence personnel
and agencies are exploited to ensure that all available information is processed to
produce intelligence for the user. Acceptance and satisfaction with continuance of the
current situation can mislead to disaster.
THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE
The primary function of the Intelligence officer is to keep the Commander
informed about the enemy and the area of operations – the unknowns, the answers to
which the commander needs to formulate his plans and make decisions. He also assists
the Commander in the formulation and supervision of counter intelligence activities
within the command.
The four (4) phases of Intelligence cycle may take place concurrently, namely;
planning of the collection effort, Collection of information, Processing of
collected information into intelligence and Dissemination and use of the
intelligence produced. They are the lowest common denominator in the production of
combat intelligence and each is indispensable; if one fails, the entire intelligence effort
will fail. We can compare the intelligence process to a cycle, hence the descriptive
title---‘The Intelligence Cycle”. The cycle picture here is merely a teaching vehicle
designed to provide a composite picture of the functions performed by the intelligence
officer in the production of combat intelligence.
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: BASIC COURSE 1 - 1st SEM- 2022-2023

In the study of intelligence cycle, it is unimportant which phase is considered

first---“information” or “intelligence” can be inserted in any phase as appropriate. The
intelligence cycle has no beginning and no end. Any sequence that logically organizes
thought processes is workable.
For the purposes of logical presentation, we will begin our study of the cycle with
the planning phase. The entire intelligence effort is devoted to furthering the
accomplishment of the mission; therefore, the mission is the focal point of the entire
production effort.
DIRECTING THE COLLECTION EFFORT
The Commander must make certain that he has what he needs, when he need it. He is
continually wondering what the enemy is doing, thinking, and planning for the future
operations, and about the nature of the terrain not under his control. These questions
are all part of the “fogs of war”, and this “fog” not lift automatically.
THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE
The Production of Combat Intelligence may be divided into four (4) phases;
1. Planning the Collection Effort
Determination of intelligence requirement
Determination of intelligence priorities.
Determination of those enemy activities or characteristics of the area of operations that
would indicate the answers to the intelligence requirement and to determine specific
items of information.
Selection of collection agencies to be employed and the issuance of the necessary
orders and requests.
To ensure that information is collected and intelligence produced in time of use,
intelligence priorities are required to plan the collection effort properly. The collection
means of a command are directed towards definite intelligence objectives priority of
their need.
Collection of Information
a. Collection – is the systematic exploitation of sources of information by collection
agencies and the delivery of the information obtained to the proper intelligence section.
Officer must be assured of a continuous input of reliable information concerning
the disposition, strength, composition, and movement of hostile forces, as well as
information concerning weather and terrain. He must use every means at his disposal to
gain information on the enemy forces within the areas of interest that may affect the
preparation and execution of his plans.
b. Sources of Information – are person, things or actions from which information about
the enemy, weather or terrain is derived.
These sources will include order of battle books, enemy weapons and equipment
handbooks, terrain studies, and other reference materials prepared by higher
headquarters and other agencies.
c. Collection Agency – is any person, unit, or activity that collects and/or
processes information by research, surveillance, interrogation or other exploitation of
resource.
It is the responsibility of everyone to collect information. Collection agencies
include all military Intel specialists, troops and special units (military police, signal,
ordnance, etc.)
3. Processing of Information
Intelligence is information that has been processed. Processing is that step by
which intelligence is created from the raw material of information.
It consists of three (3) distinct steps.
1) The recording of information so that it can be compared with other items on hand.
2) The evaluation of information in order to determine its intelligence value.
3) The interpretation of the information in relation to other information and intelligence
on hand in order to draw conclusions regarding its meaning.
4. Dissemination and Use of Intelligence
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: BASIC COURSE 1 - 1st SEM- 2022-2023

Intelligence is the end result of all intelligence activities, to be used. It must

be disseminated to the Commander, his staff and the others who require it in a proper
form and in time to serve the purposes of the recipient.
The Commander receives intelligence from his intelligence officer in the
form of intelligence estimate. The intelligence estimate gives the Commander the best
possible picture of the area of operations and the enemy without irrelevant details. It is
the intelligence officers’ job to weigh the intelligence he produces and to present it
clearly and concisely, using graphic means instead of “wordy” pictures whenever
possible.
Dissemination to other users is accomplished by means of messages
(radio, messenger, or by any rapid means of signal communications) and intelligence
documents (PIN, INTSUM, OB).

Learning Activity: 1/4 yellow pad

1. The following are under the collection of information except one:
a. Collection c. Collection Agency
b Sources of Information d. Collection of Information
2. Intelligence is crucial to internal security. It can provide us with advanced
warning of insurgent activity.
a. AXIOM NO 4 c. AXIOM NO 1
b AXIOM NO 3 d. AXIOM NO 2
3. Intelligence operations are based on reason and sound judgment. Procedures,
which do not readily adapt to a given situation, are generally discarded.
a. Intelligence Operations must be Flexible c Intelligence Is Continuous
b Intelligence must be Timely d. Intelligence Tactical Operations
4. Intelligence of the government must be superior to that of the enemy. The
struggle between subversive insurgent organization and that of the constituted
government of a nation has sometimes been called the “Intelligence war”
a. AXIOM NO 4 c. AXIOM NO 1
b AXIOM NO 3 d. AXIOM NO 2
5. Intelligence is the end result of all intelligence activities, to be used. It must be
disseminated to the Commander, his staff and the others who require it in a
proper form and in time to serve the purposes of the recipient.
a. Planning the Collection Effort c. Psychological Operations
b Dissemination and Use of Intelligence d. Processing of Information
TEST II True or False
1. Military Intelligence is the knowledge acquired through the collection, evaluation and
interpretation of all available information concerning a possible or actual enemy or areas
of operations, including the weather and terrain.
2. The basic principles of intelligence operations are that all intelligence activities follow
a simple cycle, which is not continuous.
3. Internal Defense Operations is undertaken to improve the political, economic and
social aspect and environments with within a nation thereby alleviating causes of
dissatisfaction by the people towards the government.
4. Internal Operations is directed against armed insurgents, secessionist movements,
as well as the ultra-rightists, their organizations, methods, motives, their support system
to include their human and material resources.
5. Military Information is terms include all facts, documents, materials, photographs,
diagrams, maps and reports of or observations of any kind which increases our
knowledge.

EVALUATION (Note: Not to be included in the student’s copy of the IM)

REFERENCES
Calonzo, Quirino S (2007). Military Science 1 Handbook for Basic Cadets of NSTP-
ROTC Component. Tarlac