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Class 12 - Physics

Ray Optics and Optical Test 01

1. If a Galilean telescope has objective and eye-piece of focal lengths 200 cm and 4 cm respectively, then the length of the
telescope for distinct vision is:
a. 195.24 cm
b. 200 cm
c. 204 cm
d. 196 cm
2. A biconvex lens of focal length f forms a circular image of radius r of sun in focal plane. Then which option is correct?
a. If f is doubled, intensity will increase
b. πr2
∝ f
2

c. πr2
∝ f
2

d. If lower half part is convered by black sheet, then area of the image is equal to  πr

3. The optical density of turpentine is higher than that of water while its mass density is lower. The figure shows a layer of

turpentine floating over water in a container. For which one of the four rays incident on turpentine in the figure the path
shown is correct?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 1
d. 4
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4. Assertion: A real object is placed on the optic axis of a lens such that an erect image of twice the size of the object is
obtained. The lens must then be a convex lens.

Reason: Erect image of a real object can be produced by a concave lens and also by a convex lens.
a. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
5. Assertion: A lens have two principal focal lengths which may differ.

Reason: Light can fall on either surface of the lens. The two principal focal lengths differ when medium on two sides
have different refractive indices.
a. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
6. State True or False:
i. Angular magnification of a telescope is equal to the ratio of diameters of objective and eye lens.

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a. True
b. False
ii. We can increase the range of a telescope by increasing the diameter of the objective lens.
a. True
b. False
7. Fill in the blanks:
a. A ________ is an instrument used for comparing the luminous intensities of two sources of light.
b. The unit of solid angle is ________.
8. What is a lens?
9. If a jogger runs with constant speed towards a vehicle, how fast does the image of the jogger appear to move in the rear
view mirror when
i. the vehicle is stationary
ii. the vehicle is moving with constant speed.
10. What is the advantage of using a concave mirror (in place of convex lens) as objective in a telescope?
11. An object is placed in front of a convex mirror of focal length 30 cm. If the image is a quarter of the size of the object,
find the position of the image.
12. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed coaxially with a convex mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm. The two are
kept at 15 cm from each other. A point object lies 60 cm in front of the convex lens. Draw a ray diagram to show the
formation of the image by the combination. Determine the nature and position of the image formed.
13. i. Draw a labelled schematic ray diagram of the astronomical telescope in normal adjustment.
ii. Which two aberrations do objectives of refracting telescope suffer from? How are these overcome in reflecting
telescope?
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14. Read the source given below and answer the following questions:

Total internal reflection is the phenomenon of reflection of light into denser medium at the interface of denser medium
with a rarer medium. For this phenomenon to occur necessary condition is that light must travel from denser to rarer and
angle of incidence in denser medium must be greater than critical angle (C) for the pair of media in contact. Critical
angle depends on nature of medium and wavelength of light. We can show that μ = . 1

sin C

i. Critical angle for glass air interface, where \mu of glass is 3

2
, is
a. 41.8°
b. 60°
c. 30°
d. 15°
ii. Critical angle for water air interface is 48.6°. What is the refractive index of water?
a. 1
b. 3

c. 4

d. 3

iii. Critical angle for air water interface for violet colour is 49°. Its value for red colour would be
a. 49°
b. 50°
c. 48°
d. cannot say
iv. Which of the following is not due to total internal reflection?

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a. Working of optical fibre.
b. Difference between apparent and real depth of a pond.
c. Mirage on hot summer days.
d. Brilliance of diamond.
v. Critical angle of glass is θ and that of water is θ . The critical angle for water and glass surface would be
1 2

( μ = 3/2, μ
g w = 4/3) .

a. less than θ
2

b. between θ and θ
1 2

c. greater than θ
2

d. less than θ
1

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Class 12 - Physics

Ray Optics and Optical Test 01

Solution

1. (a) 195.24 cm

Explanation: Optical length = vo - ue = 200 −

100

21
= 195.24 cm
2. (b) πr
2
∝ f
2

Explanation:

r = f tan θ

or r ∝  f

∴  πr ∝ f
2 2

3. (a) 2

Explanation: According to the figure, given in the question, the path shown for the ray 2 is correct. The ray suffers two
refractions. At A, ray goes from air to turpentine, bending towards normal. At B, ray goes from turpentine to water (i.e.,
from denser to rarer medium), bending away from normal.

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4. (b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.

Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
5. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.

Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
6. State True or False:
i. (a) True

Explanation: True
ii. (a) True

Explanation: True
7. Fill in the blanks:
a. Photometer
b. Steradian
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8. A lens is a transparent refracting medium bound by two spherical surfaces (or by one spherical and one plane surface).
9. Since the jogger is moving with constant speed, therefore the speed of the image of the jogger appears to increase
substantially. And a similar phenomenon is observed when the vehicle is in motion.
10. When a convex lens is used as objective in a telescope, it forms images of different colours due to its prismatic action.
This defect in lenses is known as chromatic aberration. However, a concave mirror (used as objective) is free from the
defect of chromatic aberration. It is because, the image is formed by a concave mirror due to reflection of light (and not
refraction).

In order to view even faint objects, the objective of the telescope should be of large aperture so as to gather a large

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amount of light from the object. For this, if a convex lens of large aperture is used, it will suffer from spherical
aberration. However, a concave mirror of large aperture and free from spherical aberration can be made by giving it a
parabolic shape.
11. Here it is given that focal length, f = +30 cm

Magnification, m =   and v = ?
1

From mirror's formula, we have

1
= +
1

u

1

v
f

⇒
1

f
= −
m

v
+
1

v
 as m = −

f−v
⇒ m =

⇒
1

4
=
30−v

30

⇒ 30 = 120 - 4v

⇒ v = = +22.5 cm

90

Since v is positive, therefore the image is virtual and erect .

12. Focal length of convex lens is, f = +20 cm

Object distance from the lens, u = -60 cm

Distance between the mirror and the lens, d = 15 cm,

Focal length of the mirror, f = +10 cm

The ray diagram is shown in the figure:

Applying the lens formula,

1
=
20
−
v
1
′

−60
1

After solving we get,

v' = +30 cm

This image is the object for the mirror, which is formed at 15 cm behind the mirror. So this is the case of a virtual object.

Applying the mirror formula, we get,

1

10
= +
1

v

1

15

After solving we get,

v = +30 cm

So, the final image is formed 30 cm behind the mirror is virtual in nature.
13. i. Ray diagram of the astronomical telescope as shown in the figure:

ii. The two aberrations that objectives of refracting telescope suffer from are given below;
a. Spherical aberrations: Because of the surface geometry of the lens, sharp point image of star is difficult to
obtain on a point.
b. In reflecting telescope, we use a parabolic mirror to remove this aberration.
c. Chromatic aberrations: Different colors of light have a different refractive index with respect to glass. Hence
different colors would focus at different points. Hence the image of the white object would appear as different

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color point images. This is known as chromatic aberrations.
d. In reflecting telescope, image is formed with reflected rays hence this aberration is removed.
14. i. (a): sin C = = 1

μ
= = 0.6667

1 2

3
3/2

−1 ∘
C = sin (0.6667) = 41.8

ii. (c): μ =
1 1 1 4
= = =
sin C sin 48.6 0.75 3

iii. (c): From μ = 1

, sin C =
1

sin C

As μ > μ   ∴ C < C

v r v r

The correct alternative may be (c).

iv. (b): Difference between apparent and real depth of a pond is due to refraction. Other three are due to total internal
reflection.
v. (c): As μ < μ < μ ; ∴ θ > θ > θ
w
g
a
w
a
g 2 1

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