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Real-time Location Tracker for Critical Health Patient using Arduino, GPS
Neo6m and GSM Sim800L in Health Care

Conference Paper · May 2020

DOI: 10.1109/ICICCS48265.2020.9121128

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 Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS 2020)
IEEE Xplore Part Number:CFP20K74-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-4876-2
Real-time Location Tracker for Critical Health
Patient using Arduino, GPS Neo6m and GSM
Sim800L in Health Care
Pratik Kanani
Department of Computer Engineering
The Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering
University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
Abstract—Internet of Things (IoT) is the technology that
helps in communication between machines, circuits, and different
types of devices. This feature has applications in the health care
industry to benefit as sensors, actuators, and hardware support
the technology behind IoT. In the health care sector, in case of an
emergency, it is very crucial to know the exact location of the
patient so that different critical health care services can be made
available at the right time and place. This problem can be solved
by using GPS coordinates. In this paper, an IoT device is made
which locates the exact GPS coordinates of the patients to the
server. Moreover, using the web interface on the server and
Google Maps, doctors and hospital staff can track the exact
location of the patient and serve him. This system made can also
be used on wild animals, school students and transport services
where the location is an essential parameter. The system is made
using sensors like GPS Neo 6m, Arduino, GS M S im800L. Here,
different IoT platforms, Different IoT tools, sensors, different
programming libraries, APIs usages, server hosting and needed
AT commands with website interface are implemented and
discussed in detail to make a low-cost GPS tracker.
Keywords— Arduino, Google Map, GPS Neo 6m, GSM
Sim800L, Health care, IoT, ThingSpeak.
I. INT RODUCT ION
IoT Technology is the layered technology architecture,
where one-layer acts as a sensing data, the second layer can
put/process the data in the needed form, the third layer can
define different high-end protocols and interfacing logic which
helps to send the data. The data is sent to the server where
different channels on the server keep on receiving different
data from different applications. The server processes the data,
and the decision made on the data values is conveyed back to
the user. To build any IoT based system, the developer has to
understand the different layer phases of IoT. IoT architecture
and different layers are explained in section 3.
Different IoT platforms like IaaS back end, Connectivity,
M2M platforms, software extensions, and Hardware-specific
software platforms [1] are explained in brief. Multiple tools [1]
are available to strengthen the IoT architecture, are Database,
external interfaces, visualizations, connectivity, and
management plan are also discussed here. The IoT architecture
[2] with its different layers are explained. Various sensors are
studied to make the proposed system. Out of these sensors, the
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Dr. Mamta Padole
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Vadodara, India
sensors chosen are based on their efficiency, compactness and
of course the cost. GPS Neo 6m is the sensor used to sense the
GPS coordinates and GSM Sim800L sends the data over the
cloud using the mobile network and acting as a gateway. Data
is sensed and till it is being sent to the cloud, the interfacing is
served by Arduino. By using IoT technology, Different sensors
and APIs, many systems can be developed for different
domains like health care [3], security, supply chain
management to monitor, control [4] track and analyze different
physical entities.
Arduino is available in different shapes and sizes and one
can use it as per their application needs. In this paper, Arduino
Uno is explained because it has more capabilities and one can
understand it easily and varied applications. To build the
system, the Arduino Nano can be used due to its compactness
and efficiency in serving the purpose. Also, different AT
commands are needed to boot up the system. These commands
will make the flag ready when the device is powered on and
started to get the signals. AT commands will help when a
network connection is set up. Normally, Arduino gets
connected to a sensor and it works fine. But when more sensors
are attached to Arduino Uno, it does not perform read readings
as expected. So, here the same problem is solved by using
different library [5-9] functions available.
Without the visual appearance of the location, the system
will not be efficient and useful as hospital staff cannot
understand the GPS coordinate numerical values. Here the
ThingSpeak cloud is used to receive the GPS coordinates and a
website is designed. This website will fetch the coordinates
from the ThingSpeak cloud and by using the Google M ap API
[10], it will display the live location of the patient on Google
Map. All terms and technologies discussed above are explained
in brief and also important coding snaps are shared, to help the
reader for understanding the given system in a better way.
II. LIT ERAT URE REVIEW
The IoT based wireless system should be using a small
number of sensors to maintain the Quality of Service (QoS) in
terms of communication, routing, energy and processing.
Because if a random faulty node is present in the system then
the QoS degrades [11]. GPS tracker is used in many
applications like military, vehicle industries, in transportation
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industries and health care industries. When such system is A. IoT Elements
made using display units [12] and all it increases the system
A present-day IoT architecture [1, 15] of the Platform
cost, processing load and reduces the battery life. When such
consists of 8 elements. The architecture consists of the
GPS based tracking system is integrated with RFID, database
connectivity between the devices or the ‘things. In addition to
systems and made it centralized [13], it can be used for
that, it also consists of an analytics platform, an application
security services to keep track of the systems with actively
development platform or a software platform. The figure is
moving units. But such system is oversize, needs RFID, DB,
shown below consists of eight essential architectural building
centralized control and GPS trackers. GPS sensor gives
blocks. It is called a true end to end IoT platform.
effective coordinates describing our altitude, longitude and
latitude position on the earth [14]. The basic aim of this paper
is to make a GPS tracking system which can be used to track
real time position of patients. The problem in other GPS
sensors are they continuously monitor the patient which is not
energy efficient and the other such available products are
costly and proprietary. The GPS tracker should be flexible in
terms of monitoring time to save the energy, it should take
reading after a particular time interval only based on the
systems need. System design should be as much as compact.
To make the system compact and cost effective Arduino is
used but whenever Arduino is interfaced with more than one
sensor, the communication issue arises. Here that problem is
solved and system is made up of such hardware and software Fig. 1. T he 8 elements of an IoT Application Enablement Platform [1]
which are easily available and cost effective.
1) Database: Hybrid cloud-based databases have a vast
III. PROBLEM ST AT EMENT requirement concerning data veracity, velocity, variety and
volume due to scalable storage of data.
Consider an IoT based Health Care system, which tracks
2) External interfaces: Built-in software development kits
and reports the real-time location of the patient to the cloud.
(SDK), gateways and application programming interfaces
The response team can locate the user based on his live
location and provide emergency services. Assume that you are (API) can be used to merge with third party systems and the
a technology manager and the VP of technology has asked you whole IT-ecosystem.
to carry out a research study to know about the increased 3) Analytics: To draw out the most value from the IoT
competitive advantages and new business values and also, data stream, an array of compound analysis from deep
about the IoT technology. The initial tasks include: machine learning and fundamental data clustering to a range
of analytical and statistical techniques performed to develop
1. Comprehending the technology models.
2. Development tools of IoT 4) Additional tools: It creates platform ecosystem apps for
contemplating and administrating connected devices so that
3. Connectivity in IoT
the developers can create a preliminary version, experiment
4. Privacy and Security challenges in IoT and sell the IoT use case.
5) Visualization: Data is portrayed in detail through line
5. Cloud Services of IoT
models, pie charts, 2D models, 3D models or stacked models
6. Platforms, Providers and Devices of IoT to enable us to observe patterns and perceive tendencies from
visualization dashboards.
IV. INT ERNET OF THINGS 6) Processing & action management: Enables the
“Internet of Things” (IoT) refers to objects, mechanical and implementation of smart actions based on certain sensors with
digital machines or a system of interrelated devices that rule-based event-action-triggers to bring data to life.
communicate with each other through the Internet without any 7) Device management: Makes sure that the interacting
interaction with a computer or another human. “Things” in IoT devices work appropriately, ideally running patches and
may include virtually any object such as vehicles, appliances, updates for applications and software on the device or edge
medical devices or building systems for which remote gateway.
communication, data collection, or control might be useful. 8) Connectivity & normalization: To ensure accurate data
streaming and interaction with all devices, different protocols
In other words, the IoT extends to a diverse range of
and data formats are brought into one “software” interface in
devices and everyday things .
this block.

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V.DAT A DESCRIPT ION A ND SENSORS INVOLVED
The data to be collected will be the GPS coordinates of the
user. GPS is the abbreviation of the Global Positioning System
that is a network of satellites that are orbiting in the space and
sends exact and error-free positions. It is important because it
has the potential to determine locations until three dimensions:
the longitude, altitude, and latitude.
A. GPS Neo 6m
GPS stands for the global positioning system. GPS was first
used by the United States military in the 1960s. A GPS is a
global navigation satellite system that provides geolocation and
time to a GPS receiver anywhere on Earth. Today, GPS
systems are extensively used all over the world and can be
found in many versatile devices ranging from mobile phones to
automobiles to smartwatches. Developed by u-blox, NEO-6
module series is a family of stand-alone GPS receivers. This
series of GPS receivers has many advantages that make it
suitable for use across various applications. It has been
designed with a goal of low power consumption as well as low
cost in mind. However, it has been ensured that the
performance of this series is not compromised. GPS Neo 6m is
a part of this series featuring the high-performance u-blox 6
positioning engine. It offers various connectivity options in a
miniature 16 x 12.2 x 2.4 mm package. Due to its low cost and
power consumption, as well as small size, GPS Neo 6m is used
in devices like smartphones where the amount of space and
power available is less.
The specifications of GPS Neo 6m are as follows:
● The Neo 6m is a GPS receiver that uses a 2.7 - 3.6V
power supply.
● It consists of four interfaces namely- UART, USB, SPI,
DDC and an antenna supply and supervisor when provided
with the necessary external components and integration on the
application processor.
● Its features also include an RTC crystal and time pulse
and it consists of 3 configuration pins and has anti-jamming
technologies.
● It is a 50- channel positioning system of u-blox 6, with
more than 2 million effective correlators.
● A key feature is the presence of an EEPROM to save
settings and has a 25x25 ceramic antenna
GPS Neo 6m takes 27 seconds for a cold and warm start
and only 1 second for a hot start. Aided starts taking less than
3 seconds. The operating temperature is from -40° to 85°C. It
contains both, a passive and an active antenna along with a
crystal oscillator. It is fully compatible with the Arduino
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development platform. It is also compatible with other
microcontroller boards. The low power consumption needed
for Neo 6m is due to the presence of a power save mode
(PSM) that allows a reduction in the power consumption of
the system by carefully and selectively switching parts of the
receiver on and off.
Fig. 2. GPS Neo 6m sensor
B. Arduino Uno
Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform
that enables users to develop interactive electronic objects.
They produce single-board microcontrollers and
microcontroller kits. Arduino is a single-board microcontroller
used to make the applications more interactive, accessib le and
intuitive. Arduino Uno [16] is the most used and famous
microcontroller of the Arduino family. It is an ATmega328
chip based on microcontroller.
The specifications of Arduino Uno are:
● Its input voltage range is 6-20V
● It consists of 14 digital I/O pins.
● It consists of 6 analog pins.
● Tx and Rx pins are used for serial communication.
● It consists of a USB interface.
● EEPROM Data Memory is of 1KB
The Arduino Uno has a lot of features and is quite user-
friendly. The board can be powered using either battery, USB,
AC or DC adaptor. Information can be stored in the micro SD
card that can be added to the board. In order to transfer code to
the controller using an Integrated Development Environment
software, USB cable is used. This software is supported across
all major operating systems like Windows, Linux and Mac.
The code can be written in either C or C++ programming
languages.
One of the most significant features it has is that it is open
source. This enables people from across the world to contribute
to the platform and make it more efficient. Arduino Uno can be
interfaced across various platforms which include
microcontrollers, computers and other Arduino boards. Here,
the Arduino board will fetch GPS coordinates from the GPS
Neo 6m Module. [17]
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Fig. 3. Arduino Uno
C. GSM Sim800L
GSM stands for Global System for Mobile communication.
It was developed by the European Telecommunications
Standards Institute. SIM800L is a miniature cellular module. It
allows send and receiving SMS and making and receiving
calls. The key feature of GSM Sim800L is that it is small
footprint at low cost.
Working and Specification
After connecting the power module boots up, the device
searches for cellular networks and logins automatically.
Onboard LED displays connection state where fast blinking
indicates no network coverage and slow blinking indicates
logged in.
● Supply voltage: 3.8V - 4.2V (Recommended supply
voltage: 4V)
● Power consumption: sleep mode < 2.0mA, idle mode <
7.0mA
● GSM transmission (avg): 350 mA, (peak): 2000 mA
● Module size: 25 x 23cm and Working temperature range:
-40 to + 85 ° C
● SIM card socket: microSIM (bottom side) and Interface:
UART (max. 2.8V) and AT commands
● Status signalling: LED with Antenna connector: IPX
● Supported frequencies: Quad Band (850 / 950 / 1800
/1900 MHz)
Fig. 4. GSM Sim 800L Sensor
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D. Interfacing
GPS Neo 6m comes with inbuilt antenna and the processing
unit which receives the packets and gives GPS coordinates as
the output. GSM Sim 800L is having GSM sim slot and
different communication pins to send and receive the data.
Both of these sensors are interfaced with Arduino Uno. Where
first GPS data is taken by the Arduino and then this data is
given to GSM module to send it over the cloud. Arduino
works as a mediator device to control the communications.
VI. DIFFERENT LIBRARY, FUNCT IONS, APIS A ND
IMPLEMENT AT ION
A. Arduino Code
/*
***********************************************
1. SoftwareSerial Library [5-7]
***********************************************
Multi-instance software serial library for Arduino/Wiring
This library is used for multiple serial ports. It allows serial
communication on other digital pins of the Arduino, using
software to replicate the functionality. It can have multiple
software serial ports with speed up to 115200 bps.
The functions that can be performed using this library are:
SoftwareSerial, available, begin, isListening, overflow,
peek, read, print, println, listen and write.
***********************************************
2. TinyGPS++ Library [8-9]
***********************************************
TinyGPS++ is an Arduino library, which is supplied by the
GPS modules and is used for parsing NMEA data streams. It is
an Immediate inheritor of TinyGPS.
The library provides compressed and straightforward
methods for extracting location, time, date, speed, course and
altitude from the GPS devices.
For example, by creating a TinyGPS++ instance, the
altitude of a GPS device can be displayed.
The library can extract all the information fro, $GPGGA
and $GPRMC, the two common NMEA sentences.
encode() method is used to frequently channel the
characters to TinyGPS++ from the GPS module for it to work.
The core sub-objects of TinyGPS++ are:
1. time: It returns the latest time fix (UT)
2. date: It returns the latest date fix (UT)
3. location: It captures the latest position fix
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4. course: It returns the present ground course myGsm.println("AT+CGATT=1");

5. speed: It captures the present ground speed delay(1000);
6. altitude: It captures the latest altitude fix printSerialData();
7. satellites: It returns the number of visible, participating myGsm.println("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"CONTYPE\",\"GPRS\
satellites "");//setting the SAPBR,connection type is GPRS
8. hdop: It returns the horizontal diminution of precision delay(1000);
printSerialData();
If the object is an incomplete or empty NMEA stream, the myGsm.println("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"APN\",\"\"");//setting
TinyGPS++ sketch fails. the APN,2nd parameter empty works for all networks
Built-in diagnostics methods can be simply used to delay(5000);
establish what is wrong. They are:
printSerialData();
1. The function charsReceived() will return the total
myGsm.println();
number of characters received by the object
myGsm.println("AT+SAPBR=1,1");
2. The function sentencesWithFix() will return the total
number of sentences that had a fix ($GPRMC or $GPGGA) delay(10000);
3. The function passedChecksum() will return the total printSerialData();
number of sentences that passed the checksum test (of each
myGsm.println("AT+HTTPINIT"); //init the HTTP
type)
request
4. The function failedChecksum() will return the total
number of sentences that failed the checksum test (of each delay(2000);
type) printSerialData();
If the sketch has been running a while but charsReceived() myGsm.println("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\"," + url); //
is returning 0, there must be an issue with the serial connection setting the httppara,
or wiring.
//the second parameter is the website from where you
*/ want to access data
#include <SoftwareSerial.h> delay(1000);
#include "TinyGPS++.h" printSerialData();
SoftwareSerial myGsm(10,11); myGsm.println();
//SoftwareSerial mygps(10,11); myGsm.println("AT+HTTPACTION=0");//submit
theGET request
#include <AltSoftSerial.h>
delay(8000);//the delay is important if the return datas are
TinyGPSPlus gps;
very large, the time required longer.
AltSoftSerial mygps;
printSerialData();
String url =
//myGsm.println("AT+HTTPREAD=0,20");// read the
"http://api.thingspeak.com/update?api_key=9CU0ND0CSVW
HBEZH&field1=22.29787923113943&field2=73.1967464089 data from the website you access
39";===String latitude ; delay(3000);
String longitude; printSerialData();
void setup() myGsm.println("");
{ delay(1000);
mygps.begin(9600); }
myGsm.begin(9600); void loop()
Serial.begin(9600); { while (mygps.available()) //While GPS has
characters yet to arrive
delay(500);

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{ myGsm.println();
gps.encode(mygps.read()); //Feeds the serial myGsm.println("AT+HTTPACTION=0");//submit the
NMEA data into the library one character at a time GET request
} delay(8000);//the delay is important if the return datas
are very large, the time required longer.
//if (gps.location.isUpdated()) //Updation happen only
when a package of NMEA data arrives printSerialData();
//{ delay(30000);
//Gets the most recent information from the GPS object }
which it obtained from the data directed by the GPS unit
void printSerialData()
Serial.println("Satellite Count:");
{
Serial.println(gps.satellites.value());
while (myGsm.available() != 0)
Serial.println("Latitude:");
Serial.write(my Gsm.read());
Serial.println(gps.location.lat());
}
Serial.println("Longitude:");
Serial.println(gps.location.lng());
B. Website Code
Serial.println("Speed MPH:");
It is using Google Map API to display the Google map with
Serial.println(gps.speed.mph()); red marker. [18]
Serial.println("Altitude Feet:"); <script
src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyC2s
Serial.println(gps.altitude.feet());
aU82JSCHoMwhQEEgJJQkOaZIIcd4ZE"></script>
Serial.println("");
<script
//} src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.
min.js"></script>
Serial.print("latitude :");
<script>
latitude=String(gps.location.lat(),6);
var map;
Serial.println(latitude);
var x;
Serial.print("longitude :");
//field1 returns the latitude of the given location using
longitude=String(gps.location.lng(),6);
the api from Google Maps in the form of JSON objects.
Serial.println(longitude); function loadmaps(){
url =
$.getJSON("https://api.thingspeak.com/channels/623933/fie
"http://api.thingspeak.com/update?api_key=9CU0ND0CSVW
lds/1/last.json?api_key=B1BX3YKOYNM830A9",
HBEZH&field1="; function(result){
url+=latitude;
var m = result;
url+="&field2=";
x=Number(m.field1);
url+=longitude; //alert(x);
Serial.println("url is :"+url);
});
myGsm.listen();
//field2 returns the longitude of the location using the
myGsm.println("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\"," + url); api from Google Maps in the form of JSON objects.
//myGsm.println("AT+HTTPPARA=\"URL\",\"http://api.thing
$.getJSON("https://api.thingspeak.com/channels/623933/fie
speak.com/update?api_key=9CU0ND0CSVWHBEZH&field1
lds/2/last.json?api_key=B1BX3YKOYNM830A9",
=22.29787923113943&field2=73.196746408939\""); function(result){
delay(1000);
var m = result;
printSerialData();

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y=Number(m.field2); in to ThingSpeak cloud, one has to create channel id and

database tables. After navigating to the API Keys tab, get the
}).done(function() {
‘read and write API keys’ given by ThingSpeak and then use
initialize(); these keys to send and receive the data to and from to the
ThingSpeak cloud. These procedures are shown in figure 5 and
});
figure 6.
}
// Load maps and specify the long and lat for the center
as well as the magnitude for zooming on the maps.
window.setInterval(function(){
loadmaps(); }, 9000);
map = new
google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'),
mapOptions);
// A marker identifies a location. Markers are interactive.
Takes the long and lat as input. Map specifies which Map used
to place the marker on. Fig. 5. GPS readings on T hingSpeak cloud

var marker = new google.maps.Marker({

position: {lat: x, lng: y},
map: map
}); google.maps.event.addListener(marker, 'click',
function() { infowindow.open(map, marker);
}); }google.maps.event.addDomListener(window,
'load', initialize);

C. Different AT commands
AT+CREG? Fig. 6. Read and write API Keys to send and receive the data to the
T hingSpeak cloud
AT+CGATT?
E. Hardware Interfacing
AT+CIPSHUT
The final hardware consists of GPS, GSM, and Arduino.
AT+CIPSTATUS
Connecting wires are used for the interfacing purpose and it is
AT+CIPMUX=0 powered by the adapter. It can also be powered by mobile
batteries. The entire system fits in one plastic box. The system
AT+CSTT="airtelgprs.com"
can be made more compact by designing a particular hardware
AT+CIICR case to carry the system components .
AT+CIFSR
AT+CIPSTART="TCP","api.thingspeak.com","80"
AT+CIPSEND
GET
https://api.thingspeak.com/update?api_key=IRTL4GSAKX5G
Y2VS&field1=19.380391&field 2=72.822509

D. Thingspeak Output
ThingSpeak is a free cloud service. Here, developers can
Fig. 7. T he Final GPS tracker implemented Model
host their applications and naïve users can use it. After logging

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F. Patient Location on Google Map
In the website coding, the website is fetching the GPS
coordinates from the ThingSpeak cloud and it is using Google
Map API. This Google Map API helps to load the Google Map
and the GPS coordinates are shown on the map using the red
marker position. It is shown in figure 8. There are free many
free web hosting servers available. The developer can also use
the same for web hosting this website, so that hospital staff can
use such hosting to track the patient e.g., 000webhost. [19]
Fig. 8. Web view showing the position using the red marker
VII. CONCLUSION
IoT is the technology that can have control over any system
present at remote locations via the internet. IoT devices are
smaller, portable and available in different shapes, sizes, and
capabilities. Multiple versions of Arduino can be used for
different applications. For smaller and compact designing
applications, Arduino nano is the best choice. The GPS Neo
6m gives accurate GPS coordinates and the refresh rate is also
reasonable to update the changing locations. GSM Sim800L
serves the purpose of gateway for the internet. It should have
the working SIM card in it with active data plans. The
ThingSpeak cloud is used which is freely available for IoT
developers. The channel creation and procedure to generate the
keys are discussed here. It takes up dynamic readings and the
same is updated in the database too. To use the google API,
one has to pay the nominal amount as per the usage. Different
functions available in libraries like SoftwareSerial,
TinyGPS++, and AltSoftSerial.h are used for implementing the
GPS. Thus, by using all available sens ors and technology the
live GPS tracker system is built with minimum cost.
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